[net.nlang] redundancy in language

jeff@tesla.UUCP (Jeff Frey) (11/19/83)

There's a lot of redundancy in language.  For examplle
"I went ;to the bank yesterday" brings in a past-tense of a verb when
clearly the past tense is implicit in the time specifier.  Presumably
such redundancy permits  the recognition of
speech even in high-noise situations, for example.
Anybody have any idea how this could be extended to improve computer
throughput (speed) say by redundancy in input data?  Or other applications?
Jeff

morgan@uicsl.UUCP (12/01/83)

#R:tesla:-24100:uicsl:8600030:000:1698
uicsl!morgan    Nov 30 17:32:00 1983

It is possible, as you imply, to get by without tense
marking--some languages do.  One (probably not the only)
side effect of such redundant marking is similar to
the benefit you get in languages where verbs, nouns,
determiners, adjectives, etc. are marked for agreement
in case, number, gender, noun class, etc. etc.: namely,
as information that can be used in determining what
goes with what.  So just as in a language with relatively
free word order there is often some morphological agreement
from which one can infer which of the available noun phrases
are subject, which object, what modifies what, and so on,
just so in English, where the time adverb has a lot of ordering
possibilities, in complex sentences one can often tell what
adverbs modify which clauses by comparing the tense 
morpheme on the verb with the semantics of the adverbs.
No convincing examples come to mind at the moment, but there
should be infinitely many.  In short, like other agreement
markings, it gives you disambiguation clues in complex
sentences.

I should add, by the way, that you may be wrong in assuming that
the tense marker is entirely superfluous when there's an adverb
present.  It all depends on how you count tenses and tense
markers, which depends in turn on what grammatical theory you're
using.  For example there's a subtle difference between

	I eat meat now
and
	I am eating meat now

likewise between

	I ate meat last Thursday
and
	I was eating meat last Thursday

IF your analysis treats the differences as simple tense
differences, then clearly tense carries information
beyond what's conveyed by the adverb alone.  But this
all depends on what theory of tense and aspect you are
using.