[net.nlang] On Holy Wars: the etymology of 'First'

steven@mcvax.UUCP (Steven Pemberton) (09/13/84)

[Please post any follow-ups to this only in net.nlang. The other newsgroups
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> In  English  and  French - the word "first" is not derived from the word
> "one" but from an  old  word  for  "prince"  (which  means  "foremost").
> Similarly,  the  English  word  "second"  is not derived from the number
> "two" but from an old word which means "to follow".

There seems to be some confusion here: 'first' comes from 'fore' + 'est',
ie 'most fore'. It then came to be used to mean 'prince' in some related
languages (as it still does today, I believe, in Dutch: vorst, and German:
fuerst). I imagine this developed in the same way that Americans talk of the
'first lady'.

In French the word for first is 'premier', again not from a word for prince,
but from Latin primus (first). The French word for prince is 'prince' from
Latin 'Primus' + 'capere' (to take), and this French word is where the English
comes from. However the 'pr' and 'fr' of the English and French words are
cognate.

In Old English 'other' was used for second. The word 'second' comes from
French, but this does come from the Latin word 'secundus', following.

levy@fisher.UUCP (Silvio Levy) (09/17/84)

I believe "princeps", the Latin word for "prince", has nothing to do with
"capere", but with "capus" -- thus, "first head".  (Cf. "biceps", the muscle
with two heads.)