[net.video] Magnetic fields and Color TV Warning

raan@hp-pcd.UUCP (raan) (02/04/86)

The problem you describe is one of the bug-a-boos of color television.  

The screen of a color television consists of clusters of phosphors (red, blue,
and green) which are each excited by a cooresponding electron beam to produce
monochrome images with the needed intensities.  The color image you see is made
up of these monochrome images, with your eye integrating them into one image of
the appropriate color.  

There are two adjustments that need to be made to make sure this all works
as described:
* Purity -- adjusting the raster scan so that the red electron beam only
  hits red phosphor and so on.
* Convergence -- adjusting each beam so that it hits the correct phosphor dot
  to produce the desired mixing of colors.  (IE a white dot and not a white
  dot with a red fringe on one side and a green fringe on the other.)

Modern advances in TV design have made these adjustments much easier and
have made them more reliable (IE don't get out of adjustment so easily).

One of the factors affecting all this is the magnetic fields the TV is subjected
to.  The earth's field is a significant factor.  In the old days, just moving
a color TV around the room would produce results similar to yours.  You see,
the metallic parts of the picture tube, chassis, and supporting hardware 
can be magnitized.  The resulting magnetic fields cause the electron beams
to be diverted from their appointed paths and thus hit the wrong color phosphor
on the screen.  This produces a colored shading to everything on the screen.
Depending on which parts were magnetized and how strongly, the affect can be
blotchy and produce different colors.  Newer TVs all have a degaussing circuit
built-in to automatically demagnetize everything each time the TV is turned
on.  With what you did, it may have required several shots to clean it up.
Worst case you would have had to get a service man to come out and do it
manually.

It is a good idea to keep magnets away from color TVs.  B&W TVs don't have
the same problems because they only have one electron beam and one color 
phosphor.

---  Raan Young 

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