[sci.engr] Need information on Cu,Ni,Cr plating of 1m dia hemisphere

bwhite@oucsace.cs.ohiou.edu (Bill White ) (02/02/91)

	I apologize in advance for cross-posting, but I have asked questions
along this general theme before and gotten little or no response.  Please
direct all responses to me, or if you must follow up please do it in
sci.electronics.

	Essentially I am trying to form four (4) 1 meter hemispheres (with
a 10 degree "excess", making it slightly more than a hemisphere) for use
in a Van de Graaff system.  After investigating various technologies such
as spun aluminum and explosive forming, I found them either beyond my means
financially and/or beyond the abilities of our university.  It was suggested
I investigate electroplating.  Cost for custom-production of the four
hemispheres by traditional methods was quoted from $1000 up.  This is more
than I would like to pay.

	What I would like to do is take a form, 1 meter diameter, coat it
with a conductive material, plate a 1/8 to 1/4 inch (sorry about mixing
measurement units) thick layer of copper (yes I know that's awful thick),
do some elementary forming, and then coat it with nickel and then chromium.
The resulting finish *must* be smooth, though I don't really care what it
looks like.  The copper *must* be malleable, though if it can be annealed
to make it malleable that is fine as well.

	One idea that popped into my head was to use an aluminized mylar
spherical balloon, strike plate it in a cyanide plating solution, then
finish plating the copper in an acid solution.  Most of my metal plating
experience, however, has been with small items using only acid solutions.
If I can find a company willing to do this, at a cost I can afford, fine.
If not, I would like to undertake this project using the university's
facilities.  Here are the questions I have:

1. Is it feasible to plate onto an aluminized mylar surface?  I know that
it is possible to plate onto insulating surfaces *somehow*, so I would
assume that plating onto an aluminized surface would be easier from the
standpoint of conductivity.

2. Does anyone know where to get spherical aluminized mylar balloons in
the range of 750mm to 1m diameter?  (if the answer to the above question
is yes, of course)

3. Can anyone suggest any references on plating copper to a thickness of
1/8 to 1/4 inch?  References on strike-plating onto aluminized surfaces?

4. I assume it would be simpler to have some company finish the nickel
and chrome plating (I actually don't know if I need chrome, so long as
the nickel won't corrode I could just use nickel alone).  Is it practical
to do this type of plating myself using University resources, or would
it be easier to do this commercially?  The thickness does not matter;
the surface condition does.

	I will not be placing the hemispheres in SF6 (I can't afford it;
if air breakdown is a problem I may go for dehumidifying or for some
other, cheaper gas).

	Please respond to	bwhite@oucsace.cs.ohiou.edu

Thank you for your time.

ornitz@kodak.kodak.com (Barry Ornitz) (02/02/91)

In article <2867@oucsace.cs.OHIOU.EDU> Bill White writes:
>1. Is it feasible to plate onto an aluminized mylar surface?  I know that
>it is possible to plate onto insulating surfaces *somehow*, so I would
>assume that plating onto an aluminized surface would be easier from the
>standpoint of conductivity.

Yes, it is feasible.  You will need an electroless copper to produce the base
layer, followed by a "strike".  Conventional acid plating can be used over
this.  The aluminized surface would be a hindrance and actually interfere with
the plating.  (Remember the electrochemical series when you consider what can
be plated over what.)

>2. Does anyone know where to get spherical aluminized mylar balloons in
>the range of 750mm to 1m diameter?  (if the answer to the above question
>is yes, of course)

I doubt it would be spherical enough.  

>3. Can anyone suggest any references on plating copper to a thickness of
>1/8 to 1/4 inch?  References on strike-plating onto aluminized surfaces?

Building up to this thickness will be next to impossible.  Grain growth and
leveling problems will be the killer.  Stress will also develop as the thick-
ness grows.  You should be able to get more information in something like 
"Modern Electroplating Handbook".  Getting above 10 to 20 mills is going to be
quite difficult.  See my comments above about aluminized surfaces.

>4. I assume it would be simpler to have some company finish the nickel
>and chrome plating (I actually don't know if I need chrome, so long as
>the nickel won't corrode I could just use nickel alone).  Is it practical
>to do this type of plating myself using University resources, or would
>it be easier to do this commercially?  The thickness does not matter;
>the surface condition does.

You could not do this yourself without lots of specialized equipment, chemicals,
and most importantly experience.

I really think this technique in general is a poor one.  I would look carefully
at spun aluminum or spun copper using wooden forms.  If you have to go the
electroplating route, consider plating over well-sealed wooden forms.  Use
something like polyester resin to seal the wood.  A number of plating houses
can start here.  If they can bronze baby shoes, they can copper plate this
form.  Strike solutions tend to be expensive, complex, and very poisonous.

Why do you always have such grandiose projects, Bob?  ;-)

					Barry

 -----------------
|  ___  ________  |       Dr. Barry L. Ornitz          WA4VZQ
| |  / /        | |       Eastman Kodak Company
| | / /         | |       Eastman Chemical Company Research Laboratories
| |< < K O D A K| |       Process Instrumentation Research Laboratory
| | \ \         | |       P. O. Box 1972, Building 167B
| |__\ \________| |       Kingsport, TN  37662       615/229-4904
|                 |       INTERNET:   ornitz@kodak.com
 -----------------