ad7i@houxp.UUCP (Paul Newland) (11/13/83)
=========================== n o t i c e ====================== Here is a Novice study guide that I have prepared. Some of the answers may not be the best. If you have better or alternatively worded answers please let me know of them and I will correct the original. tnx, Paul - 2 - Rules and Regulations 2A-1.1 What is the Amateur Radio Service? A: A radio communication service of self-training, intercommunication, and technical investigation carried on by amateur radio operators. 2A-2.1 Who is an amateur radio operator? A: A person holding a valid license to operate an amateur radio station issued by the Federal Communications Commission. 2A-3.1 What is an amateur radio station? A: A station licensed in the amateur radio service embracing necessary apparatus at a particular location used for amateur radio communication. 2A-4.1 What is amateur radio-communications? A: Non-commercial radio communication by or among amateur radio stations solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary or business interest. 2A-5.1 What is that portion of an amateur radio license that conveys operator privileges called? A: Operator's license. - 3 - 2A-6.1 What authority is derived from an amateur radio station license? A: Authorization for a radio station in the Amateur Radio Service. 2A-7.1 What is a control operator? A: An amateur radio operator designated by the licensee of an amateur radio station to also be responsible for the emissions from that station. 2A-7.2 What is the term used in Part 97 of the FCC Rules to define the amateur radio operator designated by the licensee of an amateur radio station to also be responsible for the emissions from that station? A: Control operator. 2A-8.1 What is third-party traffic? A: Amateur radio communication by or under the supervision of the control operator at an amateur radio station to another amateur radio station on behalf of anyone other than the control operator. 2A-8.2 Who is a third-party in amateur radio communications? A: Anyone other than the control operator. 2A-9.1 What are the Novice class operator transmitting frequency privileges in - 4 - the 80 meter band? A: 3700 to 3750 KHz 2A-9.2 What are the Novice class operator transmitting frequency privileges in the 40 meter band? A: 7100 to 7150 KHz 2A-9.3 What are the Novice class operator transmitting frequency privileges in the 15 meter band? A: 21100 to 21200 KHz 2A-9.4 What are the Novice class operator transmitting frequency privileges in the 10 meter band? A: 28100 to 28200 KHz 2A-9.5 What, if any, transmitting frequency privileges are authorized to the Novice class operator besides those in the 80, 40, 15 and 10 meter bands? A: None. 2A-9.6 In what frequency bands is a Novice class operator authorized to be the control operator of an amateur radio station? A: 80, 40, 15, and 10 meter bands. 2A-9.7 What does the term frequency band - 5 - mean? A: All frequencies that fall between and upper and lower frequency limit. 2A-9.8 What does the term frequency privilege mean? A: Frequencies where operation of an amateur radio station is permitted. 2A-9.9 In what frequency band is the Novice class operator transmitting frequency privileges 3700-3750 KHz? A: 80 meter band. 2A-9.10 In what frequency band is the Novice class operator transmitting frequency privileges 7100-7150 KHz? A: 40 meter band. 2A-10.1 What is the only emission authorized for use by Novice class operators? A: A1, C.W., international morse code. 2A-10.2 What does the term A1 emission mean? A: Sending signals by turning a transmitter on and off. Also known as on-off keying. 2A-10.3 What is the symbol for a transmission of telegraphy by on-off keying? A: A1 - 6 - 2A-10.4 What does the term CW mean? A: Continuous wave. Transmission of signals by letting a transmitter send a continuous wave or turning it off. This might be accomplished by connecting a telegraph key to the "send" control of a transmitter. 2A-10.5 What, if any, emission privileges are authorized to the Novice class beside A1? A: None 2A-10.6 What is the only telegraphy code a Novice class operator may use? A: international Morse code. 2A-10.7 Which, if any, telegraphy codes may a Novice class operator use beside the international Morse code? A: None 2A-10.8 What does the term emission mean? A: emission refers to the type or nature of a transmitted signal. 2A-10.9 What is the term for a transmission from a radio station, as used in the FCC Rules? A: emission - 7 - 2A-10.10 What does the term emission privileges mean? A: This refers to what emissions a station is allowed to use. 2A-11.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may the control operator cause unidentified radio-communications or signals to be transmitted from an amateur radio station? A: None 2A-11.2 What is the meaning of the term unidentified radio-communications or signals? A: Signals that do not use FCC approved call signs. 2A-11.3 What is the term for transmissions from an amateur radio station without the required station identification? A: Unidentified radio-communications or signals. 2A-12.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may the control operator of an amateur radio station willfully or maliciously interfere with or cause interference to a radio-communication or signal? A: None 2A-12.2 What is the term for transmissions from an amateur radio station which are intended by the control operator to disrupt other communications in - 8 - progress? A: Malicious interference 2A-13.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may the control operator cause false or deceptive signals or communications to be transmitted? A: None 2A-13.2 What is the term for a transmission from an amateur radio station of the word MAYDAY when no actual emergency has occurred? A: False or deceptive 2A14.1 Under what circumstances, if any, may an amateur radio station be used to transmit messages for hire? A: None 2A-14.2 Under what circumstances, if any, may the control operator be paid to transmit messages from an amateur radio station? A: None 2A-15.1 What is one of the five principles which express the fundamental purpose for which the Rules for the Amateur Radio Service are designed? A: Expansion of the existing reservoir within the amateur radio service of trained operators, technicians, and electronics experts. - 9 - 2A-20.1 Call sings of amateur radio stations licensed to Novice class operators are from which call sign group? A: Group D 2A-20.2 What is the format of a group D call sing? A: two letters a number and three letters 2A-20.3 What are the call sign prefixes for amateur radio stations licensed by the FCC A: AA to AM, K, N, and W 2A-20.4 In what call sign district will your amateur radio call sing be assigned? A: That depends on your mailing address. For those in New York and New Jersey the district is number 2. 2A-21.1 With which amateur radio stations may an FCC-licensed amateur radio station communicate? A: Only with other amateur radio stations. 2A-21.2 With which non-amateur radio stations may an FCC-licensed amateur radio station communicate? A: None, except in an emergency. - 10 - 2A-21.3 Under what circumstances may an FCC- licensed amateur radio station communicate with another amateur radio station in a foreign country? A: Only when the each country's government permits international communications by their respective amateur operators. (this is usually the case) 2A-21.4 Under what circumstances (other than RACES operation) may an FCC-licensed amateur radio station communicate with a non-amateur radio station? A: None, except in an emergency. 2A-21.5 What is the term used in FCC Rules to describe transmitting signals to receiving apparatus while in beacon or radio control operation? A: One way communications. 2A-23.1 How often must an amateur radio station be identified? A: At the beginning and end of every transmission or exchange of transmissions. Also, every 10 minutes for transmission longer than 10 minutes. 2A-23.2 How do I identify my amateur radio station communications? A: send the letters "DE" followed by your FCC assigned call letters. - 11 - 2A-23.3 Do the FCC Rules require an amateur radio station to identify at the beginning of a transmission? A: Yes 2A-23.4 duplicate question of 2A23.1 2A-23.5 What is the FCC Rule for amateur radio station identification? A: identification is required at the beginning and end of each transmission or exchange of transmissions. Plus, for transmissions longer than 10 minutes, identification must be given every 10 minutes. 2A-23.6 What is the least number of times an amateur radio station must transmit its station identification during a 15 minute communication? A: 3 times: When starting, 10 minutes into the transmission, and at the end. 2A-23.7 What is the least number of times an amateur radio station must transmit its station identification during a 25 minute communication? A: 4 times: When starting, 10 minutes into the transmission, 20 minutes into the transmission, and at the end. 2A-23.8 What is the least number of times an amateur radio station must transmit its station identification during a - 12 - 35 minute communication? A: 5 times: When starting, 10 minutes into the transmission, 20 minutes into the transmission, 30 minutes into the transmission, and at the end. 2A-23.9 What is the longest period of time during a communication that an amateur radio station does not need to transmit its station identification? A: 10 minutes 2A-23.10 What is the least number of times an amateur radio station must identify itself during a 5 minute communication. A: twice: at the beginning and at the end. 2A-24.1 What amount of transmitter power may an amateur radio station use? A: The rule here has recently changed. The correct answer is 1500 Watts peak output power. 2A-24.2 What is the maximum transmitter power input permitted to be used at an amateur radio station transmitting on frequencies available to the Novice class operator? A: 250 Watts input. 200 Watts output. - 13 - 2A-24.3 In what circuit stage in an amateur radio station transmitter is power input determined? A: Final amplifying radio frequency stage. 2A-24.4 Which individual circuit power inputs must be included in determining the total power input to the final amplifying radio frequency stage to the antenna? A: all radio frequency inputs 2A-25.1 Should an amateur radio operator receive an Official Notice of Violation from the FCC, how promptly should he/she respond. A: 10 days. 2A-25.2 Should an amateur radio operator receive an Official Notice of Violation from the FCC, to whom does he/she respond? A: To the office that originated the Notice. 2A-25.3 Should an amateur radio operator receive an Official Notice of Violation from the FCC relating to some violation that may be due to the physical or electrical characteristic of the transmitting apparatus, what information must be included in the response? A: It should indicate what steps have or will be taken to correct the problem. If the correction will take place in the future, a scheduled date of the - 14 - correction must be included. 2A-26.1 Whom does the FCC hold responsible for the proper operation of an amateur radio station? A: Station licensee. 2A-26.2 When must an amateur radio station have a control operator? A: Always, unless the station is operated under automatic control. 2A-26.3 Who may be the control operator of an amateur radio station? A: The control operator may be the station licensee, if a licensed amateur radio operator, or may be another amateur radio operator with the required class of licensee. - 15 - OPERATING PROCEDURES 2B-1.1 What does the R in the RST signal report mean? A: Readability 2B-1.2 What does the S in the RST signal report mean? A: Strength 2B-1.3 What does the T in the RST signal report mean? A: Tone 2B-2.1 At what telegraphy speed should a CQ message be transmitted? A: At a speed you would like to receive a response. 2B-3.2 Why should amateur radio stations in communication with each other zero beat? A: So that they will both transmit on the same frequency. 2B-4.1 How can on-the-air transmitter tune- up be kept as short as possible. A: By using a dummy load antenna for initial adjustments - 16 - 2B-5.1 What is the difference between the telegraphy abbreviation CQ and QRZ? A: CQ means "anyone please reply." QRZ means "who is calling me?" 2B-5.2 What is the difference between the telegraphy abbreviation K and SK? A: K means "go ahead." SK means "I have finished, no reply is expected." 2B-5.3.1 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation DE. A: DE means "from." 2B-5.3.2 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation R. A: R means "I acknowledge receipt of your message." 2B-5.3.3 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation AR. A: AR means "end of message." 2B-5.3.4 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation 73. A: 73 means "best regards." 2B-5.3.5 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation QRS. A: QRS means "please send more slowly." 2B-5.3.6 What is the meaning of the telegraphy - 17 - abbreviation QTH. A: QTH means "my location is." 2B-5.3.7 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation QSL. A: QSL means "I acknowledge receipt of your message." 2B-5.3.8 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation QRM. A: QRM means "I am being interfered with". 2B-5.3.9 What is the meaning of the telegraphy abbreviation QRN. A: QRN means "I am troubled by static." - 18 - Radio Wave Propagation 2C-1.1 What type of propagation uses radio signals refracted back to earth by the ionosphere? A: Skip propagation. 2C-1.2 What is the meaning of the term skip propagation? A: radio waves that are refracted (or skipped) back to earth by the ionosphere. 2C-1.3 What is the area of weak signals between the ranges of ground waves and the first-hop called? A: skip zone. 2C-1.4 What is the meaning of the term skip zone? A: It is the area of weak signals between the ranges of ground waves and the first-hop. 2C-1.5 What does the term skip mean? A: signals that are bounced off the ionosphere back to earth 2C-1.6 What type of radio wave propagation makes it possible for amateur radio stations to communicate long - 19 - distances? A: skip propagation 2C-2.1 What type of propagation involves radio signals that travel along the ground? A: ground wave 2C-2.2 What is the meaning of the term ground wave propagation? A: radio signals that travel along the ground 2C-2.3 When two amateur radio station located a few miles apart are separated by a low hill blocking their line-of-sight path, daytime communications between them on 3.725 MHz is probably via what kind of propagation? A: ground wave 2C-2.4 When compared to skip propagation, what is the usual effective range of ground wave propagation. A: much shorter - 20 - Amateur Radio Practice 2D-1.1 How can an amateur radio station be protected against being operated by unauthorized persons? A: Lock the room that contains the equipment. 2D-2.1 Why should all antenna and rotor cables be grounded when an amateur radio station is not in use? A: to reduce shock hazard from lightning. 2D-2.2 How can an antenna system be protected from damage due a to nearby lightning strike? A: By grounding the antenna system when not in use. 2D-2.3 How can an amateur radio station equipment be protected from damage due to lightning striking the electrical wiring in the building? A: by unplugging it from the electrical outlet when not in use 2D-3.1 For proper protection from lightning strikes, what pieces of equipment should be grounded in an amateur radio station? A: anything that can conduct electricity. - 21 - 2D-3.2 What is a convenient indoor grounding point for an amateur radio station? A: a cold water pipe. 2D-3.3 To protect against electrical shock hazards, the chassis of each equipment in an amateur radio station should be connected to what? A: ground 2D-4.1 When working on an antenna mounted on a tower, a person doing the climbing should always wear what type of safety equipment? A: a safety belt. 2D-4.2 For safety purposes, how high should all portions of a horizontal wire antenna be located? A: high enough so that it won't pose a hazard to people or vehicles. 2D-4.3 What type of safety equipment should a person on the ground wear while assisting another person on an antenna tower? A: a hard-hat. 2D-5.1 What is a likely indication that radio frequency interference to a receiver is caused by front-end overload? A: interference is present regardless of the frequency that the receiver is tuned to. - 22 - 2D-5.2 When radio frequency interference occurs to a receiver regardless of frequency, while an amateur radio station is transmitting, what is likely the problem? A: front-end overload 2D-5.3 What type of filter should be installed on a television receiver's tuner input as the first step in preventing overload from an amateur radio station's signal? A: a high pass filter 2D-5.4 What is meant by receiver overload? A: the receiver hears signals that are too strong for it (these signals may be on frequencies other that what the receiver is tuned to). 2D-6.1 What is meant by harmonic radiation? A: radiation (or transmission) of energy on frequencies that are integer multiples of the intended signal. 2D-6.2 Why is harmonic radiation by an amateur radio station undesirable? A: causes interference 2D-6.3 A multi-band antenna connected to an improperly tuned transmitter may radiate what type of interference? A: harmonic radiation - 23 - 2D-6.4 What is the purpose of properly shielding a transmitter? A: to prevent spurious radiation 2D-6.5 When interference is observed on only one or two channels of a TV receiver while an amateur radio station is transmitting, what is the likely problem. A: harmonic radiation 2D-6.6 What type of filter should be installed on an amateur radio transmitter as the first step in reducing harmonic radiation? A: low pass 2D-7.1 Why is it important to have the impedance of a transmitter final amplifier circuit match the impedance of the antenna or feedline? A: so that SWR will be minimum 2D-7.2 What is the term for the measurement of the impedance match between a transmitter final amplifier circuit and the antenna or feedline? A: One measurement would be standing wave ratio or SWR. 2D-7.3 What station accessory is used to measure RF power being reflected back down the feedline from the antenna to - 24 - the transmitter. A: directional watt meter or SWR meter 2D-7.4 What station accessory is often used to measure voltage standing wave ratio? A: SWR bridge 2D-7.5 Where should an SWR bridge be connected to indicate the impedance match of a transmitter and an antenna. A: Either between the transmitter and the feedline or between the feedline and the antenna (latter is best). 2D-7.6 Coaxial feedlines are designed to be operated with what kind of standing wave radio? A: low or 1:1 2D-7.7 If the SWR bridge reading is higher at 3700 KHz than at 3750 KHz, what does this indicate about the antenna? A: It provides a better match at 3750 KHz than at 3700 KHz. 2D-7.8 If the SWR bridge reading is lower at 3700 KHz than at 3750 kHz, what does this indicate about the antenna? A: It provides a better match at 3700 KHz than at 3750 KHz. - 25 - 2D-8.1 What kind of SWR meter reading may indicate poor electrical contact between parts of an antenna system? A: unusually high (more than 4:1) 2D-8.2 High SWR readings measured from a half-wave dipole antenna being fed by coaxial cable can be lowered by doing what to the antenna? A: changing its length - 26 - Electrical Principles 2E-1.1 Electrons will flow in a copper wire when its two ends are connected to the poles of what kind of source? A: a current or voltage source 2E-1.2 The pressure in a water pipe is comparable to what force in an electrical circuit? A: voltage 2E-2.1 What are the two polarities of a voltage? A: positive and negative 2E-2.2 What type of current changes direction over and over again in a cyclical manner? A: alternating current 2E-2.3 What is a type of electrical current called that does not periodically reverse direction? A: direct current 2E-3.1 List at least four good electrical insulating materials. A: glass, plastic, rubber, mica - 27 - 2E-3.2 List at least three good electrical conductors. A: silver, gold, aluminum 2E-3.3 What is the term for the lowest voltage which will cause current in an insulator? A: break-down voltage 2E-4.1 What is the term for a failure in an electrical circuit that causes excessively high current? A: a short circuit 2E-4.2 What is the term for an electrical circuit in which there can be no current flow? A: an open circuit 2E-5.1 When a voltage is applied to a circuit causing an electrical current to flow, what is consumed? A: Power or Energy 2E-6.1 What is the approximate length, in meters, of a radio wave having a frequency of 3.725 MHz? A: 300/3.725 = 80.5 meters 2E-6.2 What is the relationship between - 28 - frequency and wavelength? A: inversely proportional OR speed = wavelength times frequency. 2E-6.3 What is the approximate length, in meters, of a radio wave having a frequency of 21.120 MHz? A: 300/21.120 = 14.2 meters 2E-7.1 Which are higher: radio frequencies or audio frequencies? A: radio 2E-7.2 Is 3,500,000 Hertz a radio frequency or an audio frequency? A: radio 2E-7.3 Radio frequencies are considered to be those above what frequency? A: 30 KHz 2E-8.1 Are audio frequencies higher or lower than radio frequencies? A: lower 2E-8.2 Audio frequencies are considered to be those below what frequency? A: 30 KHz - 29 - 2E-8.3 what frequency range is 2500 Hertz: audio or radio? A: audio 2E-9.1 What is the unit of electromotive force? A: Volt 2E-10.1 What is the unit of electrical current? A: Ampere 2E-11.1 What is the unit of electrical power? A: Watt 2E-12.1 What is Hertz the unit measurement of? A: frequency 2E-12.2 What is another popular term for Hertz? A: cycles-per-second 2E-13.1 A frequency of 40,000 Hertz is equal to how many kilohertz? A: 40 KHz 2E-13.2 A current of 20 millionths of an ampere is equal to how many - 30 - microamperes. A: 20 microamperes 2E-13.3 A current of 2000 milliamperes is equivalent to how many amperes? A: 2 amperes 2E-13.4 What do the prefixes mega and centi mean? A: Mega is million and Centi is hundredth. 2E-13.5 What do the prefixes micro and pico mean? A: Micro is millionths and pico is million-millionths. - 31 - Circuit Components 2F-1.1 What is the general relationship between the thickness of a quartz crystal and its fundamental operating frequency? A: As the crystal becomes thinner and thinner, the frequency becomes higher and higher. 2F-1.2 What is the schematic symbol for a quartz crystal? A: ____ | | | | ----| | | |------ | | | | ---- 2F-1.3 What chief advantage does a crystal controlled transmitter have over one controlled by a variable frequency oscillator? A: Crystal controlled will be much more stable in frequency 2F-2.1 What two internal components of a D'Arsonval meter interact to cause the indicating needle to move when current flow through the meter? A: A permanent magnet and an electro- magnet - 32 - 2F-2.2 What does a voltmeter measure? A: voltage 2F-3.1 Draw the schematic diagram of a triode vacuum tube and label the elements. A: 2F-3.2 Draw the schematic symbol for a tetrode vacuum tube and label the elements. A: 2F-3.3 What was one of the earliest uses of a two-element vacuum tube? A: rectifier or diode to convert AC to DC 2F-4.1 What device should be included in electronic equipment to protect it from damage resulting from a short circuit? A: a fuse - 33 - Practical Circuits 2G-1.1 Draw a block diagram for a simple crystal controlled transmitter. A: 2G-1.2 Draw a block diagram for a simple transmitter having a variable frequency oscillator. A: 2G-2.1 Draw a block diagram for a simple superheterodyne receiver capable of receiving A1 telegraphy radio signals. A: - 34 - 2G-3.1 Draw a block diagram for a portion of an amateur radio station including a transmitter, an antenna feedline, an antenna and an SWR bridge. A: 2G-3.2 Draw a block diagram for a portion of an amateur radio station including a transmitter, a receiver, a T-R switch, an antenna feedline and an antenna. A: 2G-3.3 Draw a block diagram for a portion of an amateur radio station including a transmitter, an antenna tuner, an antenna feedline and an antenna. A: 2G-3.4 Draw a block diagram for a portion of an amateur radio station including a transmitter, telegraphy key, antenna - 35 - feedline and antenna. A: 2G-3.5 Draw a block diagram for a portion of an amateur radio station showing how two different antennas and a dummy antenna can be switched to the same transmitter. A: 2G-3.6 Draw a block diagram for a portion of amateur radio station including a transmitter, an SWR meter, an antenna tuner, an antenna feedline and an antenna. A: 2G-3.7 Draw a block diagram for a typical Novice station including a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna feedline, an antenna, a T-R switch, grounding provisions and a telegraph - 36 - key. A: - 37 - Signals and Emissions 2H-1.1 An interrupted carrier wave is considered to be which type of emission? A: Continuous wave or CW 2H-2.1 What does the term backwave mean? A: backwave is a signal heard in a receiver after a transmitter is de- energized. This is caused when a transmitter continues to output energy when the receiver becomes activated 2H-2.2 What is a possible cause of backwave. A: improper transmit-receive switching circuitry operation. 2H-3.1 What does the term key clicks mean? A: clicks generated by a transmitter when the key is opened or closed. 2H-3.2 How can key clicks be eliminated? A: With a key click filter 2H-4.1 What does the term chirp mean? A: Frequency shift of a transmitter when the key is closed. - 38 - 2H-4.2 What can be done to a telegraph transmitter's power supply to avoid chirp. A: ensure that it has good voltage regulation 2H-5.1 What is a common cause of superimposed hum? A: poor transmitter power supply filtering. 2H-6.1 A signal received on 28.160 MHz is the 4th harmonic of what fundamental frequency? A: 28.160/4 = 7.040 MHz 2H-7. Spurious emissions from a transmitter may be caused by what problem in the power amplifier stage? A: over-drive or improper neutralization. - 39 - Antennas and Feedlines 2I-1.1 What is the approximate total length in feet of a half-wave dipole antenna cut for 3725 KHz? A: (300/3.725) * 3.28 * (1/2) = 132 ft. 2I-1.2 What is the approximate total length in feet of a half-wave dipole antenna cut for 7125 KHz? A: (300/7.125) * 3.28 * (1/2) = 61.9 ft. 2I-1.3 What is the approximate total length in feet of a half-wave dipole antenna cut for 21125 KHz? A: (300/21.125) * 3.28 * (1/2) = 23.3 ft. 2I-1.4 What is the approximate total length in feet of a half-wave dipole antenna cut for 28150 KHz? A: (300/28.150) * 3.28 * (1/2) = 17.5 ft. 2I-1.5 How is the approximate total length in feet of a half-wave dipole antenna calculated? A: determine the total length of a one wave and divide by 2. 2I-2.1 What is the approximate total length in feet of a quarter-wave vertical antenna adjusted to resonate at 3725 - 40 - KHz? A: (300/3.725) * 3.28 * (1/4) = 66 ft. 2I-2.2 What is the approximate total length in feet of a quarter-wave vertical antenna adjusted to resonate at 7125 KHz? A: (300/7.125) * 3.28 * (1/4) = 34.5 ft. 2I-2.3 What is the approximate total length in feet of a quarter-wave vertical antenna adjusted to resonate at 21125 KHz? A: (300/21.125) * 3.28 * (1/4) = 11.6 ft. 2I-2.4 What is the approximate total length in feet of a quarter-wave vertical antenna adjusted to resonate at 28250 KHz? A: (300/28.250) * 3.28 * (1/4) = 8.7 ft. 2I-2.5 When a vertical antenna is lengthened, what happens to its resonant frequency? A: As with most common antennas, when they are lengthened, the resonant frequency decreases. 2I-3.1 What is coaxial cable. A: cable constructed of a center conductor encased in insulation, which is then covered by an outer conducting shield and weatherproof jacket. - 41 - 2I-3.2 What kind of antenna feedline is constructed of a center conductor encased in insulation, which is then covered by an outer conducting shield and weatherproof jacket? A: coaxial cable. 2I-3.3 What are some advantages in using coaxial cable as an antenna feedline? A: can be located near other metal objects, can be buried. 2I-3.4 What commonly available antenna feedline can be buried directly in the ground for some distance without adverse effects? A: coaxial cable 2I-3.5 When an antenna feedline must be located near grounded metal objects, which commonly available feedline should be used? A: coaxial cable 2I-4.1 What is parallel conductor feedline? A: feedline constructed of two conductors maintained a uniform distance apart by insulated spreaders. 2I-4.2 Can an amateur radio station use TV antenna "twin lead" as a feedline? A: Yes - 42 - 2I-4.3 What are some advantages in using a parallel conductor feedline? A: very low loss, can be home-made. 2I-4.4 What are some disadvantages in using a parallel conductor feedline? A: can't be buried or used near grounded metal objects. 2I-4.5 What kind of antenna feedline is constructed of two conductors maintained a uniform distance apart by insulated spreaders? A: parallel conductor feedline