[comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware] XT Power supply high-frequency noise?

mason@robots.ox.ac.uk (Ian Mason) (03/14/91)

I am posting this for someone. However he reads this
(comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware) newsgroup.

-------------------forwarded message--------------------

I have bought a 2nd hand XT with a 135W power supply, and then
upgraded the motherboard to a 386SX-20MHz. At the moment it is running
in a configuration of a Hercules-compatible graphics hard, a floppy
disk controller (5.25in 360k drive), and a MFM 20M Seagate hard drive.

The problem is that the power supply is giving out high-frequency
noise when idle. i.e. when neither the hard disk or the floppy disk
are in use. e.g. The noise dies when I do a dir on a:. [There was no
such noise with the XT board.]

Can anybody tell me what is the problem and cure? I understand that
the noise could well be from the switching elements of the switch-mode
power supply. It doesn't seem like a not-enough-power problem, since
it only happens when idle. Any hints welcome.

Thanks in advance.

Delman.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Delman Lee
   Dept. of Engineering Science,
   Oxford University,
   Parks Road,                   Internet & BITNET: delman@sun.eng.ox.ac.uk
   Oxford, OX1 3PJ, U.K..                    JANET: delman@uk.ac.ox.eng.sun
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dd2x+@andrew.cmu.edu (David Eugene Dwiggins) (03/17/91)

Well, I wouldn't play with it--I'd replace the power supply immediately.

Power supplies are lots cheaper than motherboards/hard drives/some cards.
Don't frustrate yourself by being too cheap and frying parts.

David

kenw@col.hp.com (Ken Wyatt) (03/21/91)

In have designed switching power supplies in one of my past lives.  I am not
sure what the switching frequency of XT power supplies is, but let's assume
that it is around 20 kHz (a common freq).  What you are likely hearing is
a subharmonic (10 kHz) or the fundamental (20 kHz - if your hearing is good!)
causing the power transformer to vibrate.  Transformer manufacturers reduce
this effect by dipping them (under pressure) into a varnish-like goo which
acts to hold all the transformer "hardware" together tightly.  Some trans-
former manufacturers skip this step to "save cost" and the consequence is
sometimes a high-pitched squeal.  By the way, this squeal could also be
coming from any of the magnetic components, such as output filter chokes;
but most likely, the power xfmr.

If you are daring (!) you may try to locate the offending "squealer" by
probing around with a PLASTIC rod (such as a BIC pen, or equivalent).
A slight pressure may stop the squeal and perhaps jamming a NON-CONDUCTIVE
object under/over/between the transformer may cause the squeal to cease.

NOTE:  To perform the above experiment requires the removal of the top lid
of the power supply (about a dozen screws) - do not remove the mounting
screws for the fan.  There may be as much as 500 VOLTS connected to the
power transformer and main switching transistor/FET (largest device near
the power transformer).  BE CAREFUL - KEEP ONE HAND IN POCKET - REMOVE ANY
RINGS - HAVE A SECOND PERSON THERE READY TO UNPLUG THE LINE CORD - ETC.

Interesting Note:  Switching power supplies may be modeled as a negative
resistance.  Thus, they often draw more power when lightly loaded than
when fully loaded.  This might explain the squealing symptom during "idle".

By the way --- my XT power supply started to squeal at start-up and then
after a couple minutes fades away until it is not objectionable.  It has
been doing this for a year now with no bad effects.  From my experience,
squealing components do not usually mean "doomsday"; they are just a bother.
One design I did for the MX missile required a switching frequency of 5 kHz.
Now THAT was a bother!  There was nothing we could do to reduce the "audio"
from this supply.

Bottom Line:  In my opinion, the squealing does not mean impending failure.
If it bothers you and you don't wish to fool around inside have it replaced.

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