[net.space] Anchoring the space elevator

lew@ihuxr.UUCP (10/26/83)

The "natural" acceleration of a geostationary object at a distance r from
the earth is given by:

	a = a(gravity) - a(centrifugal) =

	g*(Re/r)^2 - w^2 * r ; Re = 6.366e6m ; w = 2pi/24hrs ; g = 9.8m/sec2

	a = w^2*R * ( r/R - (R/r)^2 ) ; R^3 = g*Re^2/w^2

At r = R = 6.6*Re this expression is zero. An anchor station for a space
elevator must provide tension in the elevator cable to hold up the cable
and the elevator cars, so we must have r > R. The following table shows the
requirements for the mass of the anchor station as a function of r. The first
column is the distance, r, normalized by the geostationary orbit radius (R).
The second column gives the natural acceleration at r, normalized to g,
(9.8 m/sec2), the third column gives the natural acceleration of a cable
anchored at r whose other end is at Re. The fourth column gives the mass
of the anchor station required to hold up the cable,  normalized by the
mass of the cable (several thousand tons at least). Finally, the fifth
column gives the extra mass required to support a unit mass at Re;
this is just the reciprocal of column two.

The values of column three were obtained by integrating over the expression
for 'a' from Re to r, and dividing by (r-Re). This gives the expression:

	A = w^2 * ( (r+Re)/2 - R^3/(r*Re) )

Note that at r=3.5*R, the cable becomes self-supporting, but it still takes
a lot of extra mass to balance a car near the ground.

	r/R	a/g	A/g	-A/a	g/a

	1	0	-.188	inf	inf
	1.5	.024	-.081	3.4	41.6
	2	.040	-.051	1.28	25.1
	2.5	.053	-.031	.566	18.8
	3.0	.065	-.014	.219	15.2
	3.5	.078	-.0015	.02	12.8

I think these figures are rather sobering, but of course, they may be open
to question, if anyone wants to check them out.

	Lew Mammel, Jr. ihnp4!ihuxr!lew