[net.space] Coriolis Forces: gedanken experiment

giles@ucf-cs.UUCP (11/11/83)

I have been informed that the Coriolis force only acts upon moving
objects, and that this signficantly alters my conclusions.  I main-
tain, however, that the Coriolis force is just one aspect of a more
general pseudo-force which is the result of a planetary surface being
a non-inertial frame.  Hopefully, the following gedanken experiment
will at least make my argument sound reasonable.  (Translation -- I
don't want to have to submit a more rigorous proof:  it will run into
hundreds of lines.)

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Imagine that you are at the south pole, inside of a large, transparent
geodesic dome.  Directly over the pole is a large concrete basin, with
mercury inside of it.  Floating upon the mercury is a large concrete
raft.  Finally, above the basin is hanging a Foucault pendulum.



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				   / \
				  <   >  pendulum bob
				   \_/

	==============+ ------------------------- +==============
	//////////////| |     concrete raft     | |//////////////
	//////////////| ------------------------- |//////////////
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At 6:00, you enter the dome and paint a large black line on the con-
crete raft in the direction of the sun (if it summer, at A. Centuri
in winter...).  You then start the pendulum bob such that its ground
trace is over the black line.

Being a lazy person, you leave the dome until noon.

When you come back, the sun has moved through the sky by 90 degrees.
When you look at the ground trace of the pendulum bob, you see that
it is still pointed at the sun.  What about the black line on the
concrete raft?  I claim that the earth has rotated underneath this
raft, and so the black line is still pointed at the sun!

When you come back at 18:00, the same thing has occurred.
When you come back at midnight, the same thing has occurred.
.....

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Because of the severe case of frostbite you recieved in Antartica,
you decide to visit Kenya.  While there, you take your trusty con-
crete raft and Foucault pendulum to the summit of Mount Kenya (??).

At day break, you paint a line on your concrete raft toward some
landmark, and start the swing of the pendulum bob as described above.

At noon, the pendulum bob has not changed the direction it is swinging
in.  What about the concrete raft?  Once again, I claim that the forces
acting on the raft are identical to those acting on the pendulum, so
it has not rotated either.

The next day, you come in and find the same thing.....

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Finally, you go home and in your back yard set up your trusty concrete
raft and Foucault pendulum.  What happens?

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Clearly, these are distinct physical systems.  One is moving, dynamic.
The other is stationary, static.  Yet they have the same response.

The best analogy I can think of for this force is in general relativity,
using differential geometry.  When you try to translate a vector from
one point in space to another, an extra term must be added due to the
curvature of space.  In Euclidean space, this term is identically zero.
But on the surface of a sphere, it definity is not.  I claim that this
is what is known as the Coriolis force, and that for a moving body the
vector could be its velocity.  For a stationary body it could be any
arbitrary reference direction.  After all, by Newton's laws of motion
if a body is initially at rest it will tend to remain at rest.


Hopefully, this has cleared up some questions concerning what I meant
by the Coriolis force/ pseudo-forces in my original article.



			    Bruce Giles
			    decvax!ucf-cs!giles (UUCP)
			    UCF, Dept of Math, Orlando Fl 32816 (Snail)