[bit.listserv.nodmgt-l] BITNET Restructuring Proposal

LVARIAN@PUCC.BITNET (Lee C. Varian) (02/06/90)

Dear BITNET/CREN colleague,

The enclosed proposal for a restructuring of the BITNET network was
presented to the CREN Technical Committee in early December, 1989.  At
the most recent CREN Board meeting, the Committee recommended that the
proposal be more widely circulated within the BITNET/CREN community.
This mailing is an attempt to comply with that recommendation which was
accepted by the Board.

As you probably already know, several of us at Princeton have been
working on the VMNET programs which allow RSCS NJE traffic to use IP
networks.  One of the motivations for this work was to have BITNET
connections over IP networks.  Once the technical aspects of RSCS NJE
over IP were resolved, the questions of how to best use, deploy, and
manage this new type of BITNET connection were raised.

In an attempt to address some of these questions, we are submitting
for discussion a proposal which would reorganize the structure of the
BITNET network.  A number of core sites are proposed which would play
key roles in the restructured BITNET network.

It is important to point out that this recommendation does not itself
propose the creation of new IP network connectivity, but rather suggests
how BITNET NJE traffic might be organized to utilize existing IP
connectivity.  The proposal is compatible with and could utilize
any further growth of the NSFNET and regional IP networks, as well as
any CREN IP network.

We hope you will carefully consider the proposal and provide your input
on its possible implementation.

A file of the discussions which have taken place thus far on this
proposal may be gotten from the LISTSERV at PUCC.  To get a copy of
the file:

  TELL LISTSERV AT PUCC GET BIT2PLAN COMMENTS

  Or, send mail to LISTSERV@PUCC on Bitnet with the body / text of the
  mail containing the command:

  GET BIT2PLAN COMMENTS


                                  Lee Varian (LVARIAN@PUCC)
                                  Peter Olenick (Q0239@PUCC)
                                  Michael Gettes (GETTES@PUCC)

                             * * * * * *

    Proposal to Restructure the  Network Supporting BITNET

 Historically the  physical and  logical networks  supporting
 BITNET have  been structured on leased  communications lines
 connecting member sites.   New sites  connect to the network
 based  upon  an  existing BITNET  member's  willingness  and
 ability to support the request for connection.   The cost of
 the leased communications line, which is paid for by the new
 BITNET  site,  is  also a  consideration  in choosing  which
 existing BITNET sites are  possible connection points.   The
 cost of  the communications line  may be different  based on
 factors of distance and tariff considerations.   This method
 of connecting new sites has worked quite well,  but the lack
 of  a   formal  structure  for   the  network   is  creating
 limitations  which  impair  the  efficiency  and  growth  of
 BITNET.  The lack of a structure increases the complexity of
 routing table  generation and  hampers efforts  to implement
 network  management tools.    The ability  to create  BITNET
 links  by  using  the  national  and  regional  IP  networks
 increases the confusion over where BITNET connections should
 be made.

 The idea of reorganizing BITNET into a more formal structure
 has been discussed for a number  of years,  but the costs of
 the additional leased lines needed  to implement such a plan
 made the project economically infeasible.   Now,  BITNET has
 the ability to use the national and regional IP networks;  a
 plan to restructure BITNET by  using the IP networks appears
 to be  cost effective and  implementable.   This  plan could
 also be implemented using private  communications facilities
 and IP routers instead  of using  the national  and regional
 networks.   The costs of  an  implementation using a private
 IP network would need to be carefully considered.


                    Restructuring Proposal

 The   restructuring    is   based   on   the    concept   of
 'regionalization',   the  separation  of  the  network  into
 geographic areas  or regions.   Each  region would  have two
 'core'  sites.    Each  core site  would  have  RSCS-over-IP
 connections to every other core site.   The core sites would
 form a 'backbone'.    The national and regional  IP networks
 are the physical  facilities that would be used  by the core
 sites  to   form  the   BITNET  backbone.     By  generating
 appropriate BITNET routing tables,  the  number of nodes and
 the amount of traffic handled by  the core sites for a given
 region can be  statically balanced.   Within a  region,  the
 core sites could  connect to a number  of 'mid-level' sites,
 again by use  of RSCS-over-IP.   This type  of structure has
 the ability to provide an alternate  path into a region if a
 core site were  out of service.   The member  sites or 'end'
 sites within a region could  connect to the mid-level sites.
 Traditional leased line  connections may  exist at any level
 within the  structure but  these types  of connections  will
 continue to  have limitations.    That is,   if a  host with
 traditional leased lines is down, no other path may exist to
 the sites supported by that leased line.

 The following  diagram attempts  to present  graphically the
 structure of the regional model.


                  Diagram for Regional Model
                 (Example of a single Region)

                                                  +--------+
                                                  |  end   |
                                                  |  site  |
                                                  +---||---+
                                                    RSCS/IP
  RSCS/IP +---------+                             +---||---+
 ==========  core   |         +---------+   BSC   |  end   |
          |  site   |         |  mid-   -----------  site  |
  RSCS/IP |         | RSCS/IP |  level  |         +--------+
 ==========         ===========  site   |
          |         |         |         | RSCS/IP +--------+
  RSCS/IP |         |         |         ===========  end   |
 ==========         |         +---||----+         |  site  |
          +---||----+             ||              +--------+
              ||                  ||
            RSCS/IP             RSCS/IP
              ||                  ||
  RSCS/IP +---||----+             ||              +--------+
 ==========  core   |         +---||----+   BSC   |  end   |
          |  site   |         |  mid-   -----------  site  |
  RSCS/IP |         | RSCS/IP |  level  |         +--------+
 ==========         ===========  site   |
          |         |         |         | RSCS/IP +--------+
  RSCS/IP |         |         |         ===========  end   |
 ==========         |         +---||----+         |  site  |
          +----|----+           RSCS/IP           +--------+
               |                  ||
               |              +---||---+          +--------+
               |              |  end   |   BSC    |  end   |
               |              |  site  ------------  site  |
               |              +--------+          +--------+
               |
               |                                  +--------+
               |               BSC                |  end   |
               |-----------------------------------  site  |
                                                  +--------+

 In the diagram, the end site shown as a single node can be a
 collection of nodes  connected by a mixture  of leased lines
 and IP.


                Benefits of the restructuring

 The purpose of the regionalization  is to impose a structure
 on the  logical network supporting BITNET.    This structure
 will  reduce  the  burden  on   the  current  hub  sites  by
 decreasing  the number  of files  which  must transit  these
 sites.  Overall network service will be improved because the
 number of 'hops'  a file must take to  reach its destination
 will be reduced or be no  greater than in the current BITNET
 topology.   The impact  on BITNET when a key  BITNET node or
 Internet connectivity fails  will be reduced because  of the
 increased number of connections between core sites.   As the
 intra-regional mid-level structure develops,  the ability of
 the  core  sites to dynamically  reroute  traffic  around  a
 disabled  core node  will provide  improved network  access.
 The three level (core, mid-level, end site) structure of the
 region  can be  expanded to  include  additional levels  and
 paths as  needed within the  region,  thereby  providing for
 dynamic rerouting within a region as well.


                     Implementation Plan

 The  current BITNET  network  would  be divided  into  seven
 regions.    Each region  would have  the  required two  core
 sites.   No  attempt has been  made to define  the mid-level
 sites  within the  regions.   The  mid-level structure  will
 develop  at different  rates within  the different  regions.
 The rate will depend on many  factors including the level of
 IP connectivity,   amount of BITNET traffic  generated,  and
 amount of network expertise available.  The regions and core
 sites  can  be  implemented  without  having  the  mid-level
 structure defined.   The proposed region and associated core
 sites are as follows:

    Region 1 - NorthEast
         BUACCA: Boston University
         YALEVM: Yale University

    Region 2 - MidEast
         CORNELLC: Cornell University
         CUNYVMV2: City University of New York

    Region 3 - MidAtlantic
         PUCC: Princeton University
         PSUVM: Penn State University

    Region 4 - SouthEast
         UMDD: University of Maryland
         VTVM2: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University

    Region 5 - MidWest
         UICVM: University of Illinois at Chicago
         UKCCB: University of Kentucky

    Region 6 - MidSouth
         RICEVM1: Rice University
         UIUCVMD: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

    Region 7 - West
         UCBCMSA: University of California at Berkeley
         USCVM:  University of Southern California


                     Core Site Guidelines

 For a  machine to be  considered for use  as a core  site it
 should meet the following requirements:

    1.  The machine  must run  VM with  FAL,  VMNET, and RSCS
    Version 2.

    2.  The  system must  have the  capacity  to support  the
    number   of    RSCS-over-IP   connections    needed   for
    connectivity to other core  sites.   This capacity should
    take into  account IP  connectivity capacity,   processor
    capacity, spool capacity and manpower requirements.

    3.  Core  sites  may  need  to  add  additional  software
    facilities and  modifications to  improve throughput  and
    overall network management.  An example of these might be
    installation of  the BITNET II transmission  algorithm to
    improve throughput of RSCS over IP.

    4.  One if not  both core sites in a region  should run a
    LISTSERV which is part of the LISTSERV backbone.  Because
    LISTSERV files are  a large component of  BITNET traffic,
    having  the core  sites  on  the LISTSERV  backbone  will
    enhance the operation of this pervasive application.

    5.  Core sites are encouraged to consider running NETSERV
    and acting as INTERBIT  sites.   Running these facilities
    will reduce network  load and provide greater  service to
    the region.

    6.  With BITNET making  use of the national  and regional
    IP  networks,  the  core  sites  will need  to  establish
    procedures  for dealing  with their  IP  service and  its
    supplier.   These procedures  should include out-of-hours
    procedures,   local  operating procedures,   and  problem
    determination procedures.

 These same  general guidelines  can be  scaled appropriately
 and applied to the mid-level sites.   All the suggested core
 sites meet the guidelines with minor exceptions.  All of the
 core  sites chosen  are VM  machines  in the  308x class  or
 larger.   All core sites chosen run FAL or WISCNET, with all
 but one of  the WISCNET sites planning conversion  to FAL in
 the near future.   All of the  core sites expect to run RSCS
 Version 2 as  soon as feasible.   All core  sites chosen are
 accessible via the regional and national IP networks.

 Clearly the BITNET core sites  will assume a leadership role
 in their regions.   Expertise in RSCS, FAL,  and TCP/IP,  as
 well as operating systems will be  of value to the core site
 in problem solving.   This expertise  will also be useful in
 guiding the development of networking within the core site's
 BITNET region.

 One of the goals of this  plan is to minimize the disruption
 to  the   functioning  of  BITNET.    Current   leased  line
 connections  would not  be  required  to be  altered.    All
 current  BITNET  sites  would  be assigned  to  one  of  the
 regions.   This is true for the international connections as
 well.   The international links would be associated with the
 region of  the host  system.   New  RSCS-over-IP connections
 would be made only within  a region;  inter-regional traffic
 flow would be via the BITNET backbone.

 Some of the current leased  line connections would no longer
 be used.   For example, George Washington University (GWUVM)
 has  leased line  connections  to  Penn State  (PSUVM)   and
 University of Maryland (UMDD).    Under this regionalization
 plan,  GWUVM  is part of Region  4 and its  outbound traffic
 would flow toward the core site at UMDD.  GWUVM's connection
 to PSUVM would  be unused.   Another example of  a change in
 the current BITNET  topology would be the  RSCS-over-IP link
 between Princeton (PUNFSV2) and Columbia University (CUVMB).
 This link would  be discontinued because it  would be inter-
 regional.  CUVMB would be part of Region 2 and PUNFSV2 would
 be part of Region 3.


              Connection of Cooperating Networks

 Cooperating networks,   such as EARN  and NetNorth,   may be
 connected to BITNET  in different ways under  this proposal.
 A cooperating network  might be connected to  BITNET using a
 traditional point-to-point connection to one BITNET site and
 appearing as an extension of the region that the cooperating
 network physically connects to.   An example of this type of
 connection would  be the cooperating network  EARN appearing
 as an  extension of Region  2 because of  FRMOP22's physical
 connection to CUNYVMV2.

 Alternatively, a cooperating network might connect by having
 multiple  RSCS-over-IP  connections to  BITNET  core  sites.
 This could be accomplished in three ways:

    A designated cooperating network site could have multiple
    connections to different core sites.   An example of this
    might be UTORVM of NetNorth being the designated NetNorth
    site  and having  connections to  CORNELLC  in Region  1,
    RICEVM1 in Region 6, and UCBCMSA in Region 7.

    The  second way  of  accomplishing  the connection  of  a
    cooperating  network is  to have  multiple  sites in  the
    cooperating network connected to multiple core sites.  An
    example of  this method  of connection  might be  to have
    UTORVM of  NetNorth connected  to CORNELLC  in Region  2,
    MCGILLB of NetNorth connected to RICEVM1 in Region 6, and
    UALTAVM of  NetNorth connected  to UCBCMSA  in Region  7.
    This second  method of connection should  provide greater
    bandwidth  and multiple  access  between  BITNET and  the
    cooperating network.    RSCS-over-IP connections  between
    cooperating  network  sites  and   non-core  site  BITNET
    members would not be permitted.

    The  third way  a cooperating  network  might connect  to
    BITNET would be as a new  region or regions.   An example
    of this might be that NetNorth would designate UTORVM and
    UALTAVM  as  BITNET  core sites.    NetNorth  would  form
    Region 8 and  all BITNET connections from  NetNorth would
    be via these core sites.

 The connection of a cooperating  network to BITNET should be
 handled   on  a   network-by-network   basis  because   each
 cooperating   network   has   different   requirements   and
 resources.   Which  implementation is chosen will  depend on
 the structure, traffic flow, and policies of the cooperating
 network.


                          Conclusion

 If  this proposal  is adopted  and  the implementation  plan
 accepted,   the  restructing  of  BITNET's  network  can  be
 complete  in a  short period  of time,   estimated at  three
 months.   Every attempt would be made to keep the disruption
 of  BITNET  services  to  an  absolute  minimum  during  the
 restructuring.   The restructed BITNET  would provide better
 service to all BITNET members and allow for orderly growth.

ROTHI_P@PLU.BITNET (Paul Rothi) (02/09/90)

I have two concerns regarding the restructuring of BITNET and its effects
on small end nodes.

1.  Typically we have much smaller operating budgets than the larger core
    sites or mid-level sites.  As a result, we may not have the same level
    of expertise with all the subtleties of BITNET networking.  As this
    restructuring plan progresses, or is finalized, we will need to have clear
    instructions telling exactly what to do to remain a functional node with
    minimal disruption to our users.

    Examples here include where to get routing tables, or how generate them
    ourselves, and updates that may be required to our node entries at
    the BITNIC.

2.  If new connections must be made with regional or mid-level nodes, this
    needs to known up front so budget allocations can be made.

3.  Also, if any new software will be required to remain functional under
    the new topology, that too must be known in advance.  Software for large
    platforms is not cheap and may have significant impact on a relatively
    small budget.

I give my support to the overall concept!  The idea of a more formal structure
and fault tollerance is appealing.  Please, keep us all informed as this
progresses.  Finally, when all is ready for conversion, publish a **single**
detailed list of instructions for sites at all levels to follow to remain
functional as, and after the conversion is done.

--------------------

Paul Rothi                          Telephone:  (206) 535-7525
Pacific Lutheran University         BITNET:     ROTHI_P@PLU
Computer Center
Tacoma, WA  98444

IMHW400@INDYVAX.BITNET (Mark H. Wood) (02/09/90)

May I point out that one of the "Core Site Guidelines" is unnecessarily
restrictive:

>  1.  The machine must run VM with FAL, VMNET, and RSCS Version 2.

Other hardware/software combinations may be equivalent and should not be
disqualified without examination.  For example, VAX/VMS systems running Jnet
V3.4, Jnet TCP NJE, and TGV MultiNet or Wollongong WIN/TCP should be able to
communicate with VMNET hosts:  TCP NJE was specifically designed for this
purpose.  See Joiner's press release dated 1-Nov-1989.

I don't wish to contest the published choice of core sites.  I *do* wish to
point out that other choices are feasible, and perhaps even desirable, if the
quoted condition is relaxed.

No, I don't have the authority to volunteer my site as a core gateway. :-) :-(

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Mark H. Wood      (317)274-0749                        III U   U PPPP  U   U III
Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis  I  U   U P   P U   U  I
IMHW400@INDYVAX.IUPUI.EDU                               I  U   U PPPP  U   U  I
IMHW400@INDYVAX.BITNET                                  I  U   U P     U   U  I
[@disclaimer@]                                         III  UUU  P      UUU  III

GETTES@PUCC.BITNET (Michael R. Gettes) (02/09/90)

On Thu, 8 Feb 90 08:06:00 PST Paul Rothi said:
>1.  Typically we have much smaller operating budgets than the larger core
>    sites or mid-level sites.  As a result, we may not have the same level
>    of expertise with all the subtleties of BITNET networking.  As this
>    restructuring plan progresses, or is finalized, we will need to have clear
>    instructions telling exactly what to do to remain a functional node with
>    minimal disruption to our users.

As for the immediate impact of restructuring as proposed, there should be
no interruption of service and no impact to end or mid-level sites as the
core is established. It was understood in the development of the proposal
that the implementation of the core had to take place without noticeable
impact. What may change is the paths that are taken to reach other nodes
on the network. Creation and removal of connections with the mid-level
sites can be handled in a case by case, migratory manner.

>    Examples here include where to get routing tables, or how generate them
>    ourselves, and updates that may be required to our node entries at
>    the BITNIC.

Procedures for obtaining routing tables will not change. If a node does
not know how to obtain a routing table now, I suggest they contact BITNIC.
No node updates will be required to end sites. Some mid-level sites
will be affected (like the example of GWUVM), but this can easily be
handled in a case by case, migratory manner. The core sites will handle
their own updates, most likely with coordination from BITNIC or some other
coordinating committee.

>2.  If new connections must be made with regional or mid-level nodes, this
>    needs to known up front so budget allocations can be made.

All new connections have been determined and outlined by the proposal. All
sites proposed in the core already have IP connectivity, so they only
need to acquire the VMNET software. Most already have it or have ordered
it.

/mrg

OWEN@AUDUCVAX.BITNET (Larry Owen) (02/09/90)

Mark Wood writes:

>May I point out that one of the "Core Site Guidelines" is unnecessarily
>restrictive:

>>  1.  The machine must run VM with FAL, VMNET, and RSCS Version 2.

>Other hardware/software combinations may be equivalent and should not be
>disqualified without examination.  For example, VAX/VMS systems running Jnet
>V3.4, Jnet TCP NJE, and TGV MultiNet or Wollongong WIN/TCP should be able to
>communicate with VMNET hosts:  TCP NJE was specifically designed for this
>purpose.  See Joiner's press release dated 1-Nov-1989.

>I don't wish to contest the published choice of core sites.  I *do* wish to
>point out that other choices are feasible, and perhaps even desirable, if the
>quoted condition is relaxed.

As I was reading the proposal, I initially had the same reaction; I think it
tends to perpetuate the IBM/VM-centric world view of Bitnet.  But, if you
allow the validity of the requirement that the core sites also run a LISTSERV,
then you're pretty much "stuck" with VM/RSCS machines as the core sites.

I have not looked at the choice of core sites in terms of BITNET and NSF/
regional topological maps, but (being in the southeast), the choice of
sites for the southeast region appears to have a strong "upper right
corner" geographic bias, although intelligent choice of mid-level sites using
either VM/FAL/RSCS or VMS/JNET/MULTINET(or WOLLONGONG) combos could place
almost everyone "close" to the backbone.  Those of us who find themselves
currently 10 or 12 hops from CUNYVM have to see this as an improvement;
if done right, we could end up with a network where no 2 nodes are more
than, say, 8 hops from each other.  If nothing else, this reduces the
difficulty in following list discussions that seem to arrive in almost
perfect reverse order.

I don't want to volunteer Auburn as a core site either, but I would be
*very* interested in being a mid-level site.

Larry Owen
Mgr., Network Support
Auburn University

Bitnet:   owen@auducvax
Internet: owen@ducvax.auburn.edu

GETTES@PUCC.BITNET (Michael R. Gettes) (02/10/90)

On Thu, 8 Feb 90 11:14:00 EST Mark H. Wood said:
>May I point out that one of the "Core Site Guidelines" is unnecessarily
>restrictive:
>
>>  1.  The machine must run VM with FAL, VMNET, and RSCS Version 2.
>
>Other hardware/software combinations may be equivalent and should not be
>disqualified without examination.  For example, VAX/VMS systems running Jnet
>V3.4, Jnet TCP NJE, and TGV MultiNet or Wollongong WIN/TCP should be able to
>communicate with VMNET hosts:  TCP NJE was specifically designed for this
>purpose.  See Joiner's press release dated 1-Nov-1989.
>
>I don't wish to contest the published choice of core sites.  I *do* wish to
>point out that other choices are feasible, and perhaps even desirable, if the
>quoted condition is relaxed.

Maybe I should explain some of the reasoning behind the selection of the
core sites.

First, considering the high volume of traffic going through
the existing core sites (those that participated in the BITNETII project
and to which most have been selected for the proposed core) at this time,
large scale machines were needed. We figured we had to find 3081 class
machines or higher. For example, PUNFSV2 (Princeton) is handling on
average 85,000 files per day at about 750 million bytes of data. Figures
from the NSFnet during the summer showed that BITNETII traffic accounted
for 25% of the NSFnet backbone traffic. We have 2 3081s here and we
use about 55% of one 3081 to support just the BITNET traffic that goes
through our site. So, horsepower is a significant factor. Also, as an
FYI value added fact, our system spool has a limit of 9900 files and we
normally have about 7000 files on the system. We are HPO 4.2 VM which
means we only have a 3000 file buffer for BITNET traffic that goes
through our system. Due to the horsepower and full capability of
VMNET, FAL and RSCS 2.3, we are able to work quite well with this small
window.

Second, all the proposed core sites will be running the same software.
This has great benefits for future development of the network. As
enhancements are made to the BITNETII methodologies, these can be
effectively tested, proved and easily installed in the core. With a
mixture of software (and vendors), this task becomes increasingly
difficult and I feel detrimental to the network in general. The core
of the BITNET network has been historically clogged, we do not wish
to see this re-occur as BITNET expands. The listservs are an important
consideration as well. At Princeton I see a 15-1 ratio of listserv
traffic. This means that for every 1 file that hits listserv, 15
outbound listserv and/or mail files are produced. Since this machine
is in the core and has a number of links, fan-out allows for quick
distribution from our system. If listserv did not run on either proposed
core node within a region then there would be a significant bottleneck
effect.

Third, the VMNET specification which was made available to various developers
of BITNETII appears to be fully met by only VMNET. For greatest benefit
and maximum transmission rates it is necessary to support multi-streams
in NJE and what is known as "FASTOPEN".

As for the recommendation of VMNET/FAL/RSCS V2: VMNET is suggested
since it is currently the only software available for VM systems and
is the software for which the BITNETII protocols were based and developed.
FAL because IBM is doing a terrific job in the development of the FAL code
and supporting it. We find it to be a very stable environment. There
are other TCP products available for VM but we do not recommend their
use with VMNET. RSCS V2 because of performance enhancements to RSCS
by IBM (which show that 2.3 runs about 2-3 times faster than 2.1/1.3 as far
as cycles). Additionally, 2.3 has the ability for user exits at various
points in file and message processing. This allows for easy development
of features for RSCS to help it do a better job in transmitting files
and reducing network traffic for message load. These modifications
are available from LISTSERV@PUCC. A key modification that we have developed
for V2 is "Transmission Algorithm F", TAF, which allows for 1 stream
in a multi-stream connection to be reserved for "large" files. This
allows for large files to not be queued up behind the flurry of smaller
files on the network. We feel that we should be pushing large files
concurrently with small ones, and the abilities of V2 allow for this.

Lastly, it was important to choose nodes that could participate in the
core with minimal impact to the network. This meant simply expanding
the center of the network. If we used nodes that are currently leaf nodes,
then this would have inverted traffic load and most likely flooded sites
that were not able or prepared to handle the traffic. It is quite possible
that the future may dictate additional regions to be allocated or new
core sites to be selected based on a wide variety of criteria from
political decisions to BITNET network load to changes in the underlying
IP connectivity which makes current core sites no longer viable.
This is a proposal, and we recognize that things change... we believe
the proposal addresses this issues as well.

So, in short, the decisions on who should participate in the core
were based on network load, development and compatibility.
I hope this clarifies things a little better.

/mrg

schafer@BRAZOS.RICE.EDU (Richard A. Schafer) (02/10/90)

While VAXen running JNET 3.4 and JNET TCP NJE can indeed participate
in a VMNET link, the VM VMNET sites with RSCS V2 have a
particular major advantage: it is possible to support multiple
data streams.  As far as I know, and we have a connection to
such a JNET site, the JNET support does not include multiple
streams.  I don't know enough about the Wollongong or TGV
versions to say whether they do or not, but I believe that one of
the very important pieces of the backbone arrangement will be
the ability to support multiple data streams between backbone
sites.

While I know that the MVS sites can support multiple streams,
none of them that I know of support anything like the VMNET
code.

Another point that needs to be made is the amount of load
those backbone sites are going to be committing to carrying;
I believe that's why the careful notation was made that each
of the suggested sites was a fairly good size IBM machine, not
a 4361 or something like that which I sincerely doubt would
be able to support the traffic.  I have heard doubts expressed
in the past about VAXen, but am not qualified to say how
valid those are, except to doubt that any serious person
would believe that a MicroVax would be acceptable. :-)

Richard

SYSBJAV@VM.TCS.TULANE.EDU (John Voigt - Academic Systems Programmer) (02/10/90)

On Fri, 9 Feb 90 11:09:22 EST Michael R. Gettes said:
......
......
>So, in short, the decisions on who should participate in the core
>were based on network load, development and compatibility.
>I hope this clarifies things a little better.
>
>/mrg

I'm sure Michael MEANT to say "... the decisions on who to RECOMMEND as
core sites were based...."

I sure would have felt better about this if it had come from the CREN
board.  Why haven't we heard from them on this.  Why is PUCC making
recommendations about reorganizing BITNET.  Is there some relationship
between PUCC and the VMNET developers and the CREN board/BITNET
management that we don't know about?  Am I the only one uncomfortable
with what I've been reading here?  I can't even put my finger on WHY I'm
uncomfortable, something just doesn't SEEM right.

John/

jeff@FERMAT.OTS.UTEXAS.EDU (Jeff Hayward) (02/10/90)

On Fri, 9 Feb 90 11:09:22 EST Michael R. Gettes said:
> ...
>Maybe I should explain some of the reasoning behind the selection of the
>core sites.

>First, considering the high volume of traffic going through
>the existing core sites (those that participated in the BITNETII project
>and to which most have been selected for the proposed core) at this time,
>large scale machines were needed. We figured we had to find 3081 class
>machines or higher. For example, PUNFSV2 (Princeton) is handling on
>average 85,000 files per day at about 750 million bytes of data. Figures
>from the NSFnet during the summer showed that BITNETII traffic accounted
>for 25% of the NSFnet backbone traffic. We have 2 3081s here and we
>use about 55% of one 3081 to support just the BITNET traffic that goes
>through our site. So, horsepower is a significant factor. Also, as an

Michael's fine elucidation of the logic behind the core structure
struck a nerve, so I thought I'd generate some additional heat.

It occurs to me, (and others, I think) that the wrong variables are
being optimized here.  Why should CREN build and perpetuate a
structure that requires massive 3081 support, at large cost, to
achieve an average 70k bits per second (750MB/day) throughput?  I
mean, really, a $4000 cisco router can do about three orders of
magnitude better than that, 'cause that's what it's good at.

It seems that if per-node connectivity, rather than per-link
throughput, were optimized the whole network would be more efficient.
Large scale NJE pipes wouldn't be necessary if the TCP-capable folks
(that's most of us) could just talk to each other directly.  We
wouldn't need an NJE "core", or the techno-aristocracy that comes with
it.  The mainframes could go back to doing whatever it is they're good
at, and the rest of us could just get on with business.  Right?

Don't get me wrong, VMNET is better than nothing, and much appreciated
for its benefits.  The core proposal should probably proceed (or has
it already?), since there's nothing better at hand.  I just think
someone's made an error in their assessment of the fundamental problem.

Well, that's my 2 cents.  Just thought it ought to be said.

Jeff

rogerwat@WATDCS.UWATERLOO.CA (Roger Watt) (02/12/90)

Maybe I've missed some part of the discussion; maybe there is some
crucial technical point I don't understand. So I'll ask my questions and
then those in the know can set me straight ... please.

Why does there need to be an NJE-over-IP "backbone of core nodes"? Why
don't those of us who are NJE-over-IP capable just go ahead and talk
NJE-over-IP to each other, trashing the native-NJE links as we no longer
need them? Why can't this NJE-over-IP thing evolve to the point where we
can move to domain addresses and have a WKS of "NJE" in the DNS?

GETTES@PUCC.BITNET (Michael R. Gettes) (02/12/90)

On Fri, 9 Feb 90 21:56:18 -0600 Jeff Hayward said:
>It occurs to me, (and others, I think) that the wrong variables are
>being optimized here.  Why should CREN build and perpetuate a
>structure that requires massive 3081 support, at large cost, to
>achieve an average 70k bits per second (750MB/day) throughput?  I
>mean, really, a $4000 cisco router can do about three orders of
>magnitude better than that, 'cause that's what it's good at.

My opinion is that this is an obvious goal for the future of the network.
However, the smallest entity on our network is a file. Routers do not
deal with files, but packets. Personally, I see VMNET as the next step
in the evolution of BITNET (whatever that may be). VMNET is quite
valuable in solving some very immediate problems of load. So,
in the short run, I believe we are exploiting the correct variables
for the interim. How long will the interim be is a different problem.

/mrg

This opinions are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of
my management or CREN.

GETTES@PUCC.BITNET (Michael R. Gettes) (02/13/90)

On Sun, 11 Feb 90 17:22:26 EST Roger Watt said:
>Why does there need to be an NJE-over-IP "backbone of core nodes"? Why
>don't those of us who are NJE-over-IP capable just go ahead and talk
>NJE-over-IP to each other, trashing the native-NJE links as we no longer
>need them? Why can't this NJE-over-IP thing evolve to the point where we
>can move to domain addresses and have a WKS of "NJE" in the DNS?

Because there are certain nodes within the center of the network
that are dealing with a huge amount of traffic and devoting large
amounts of computing and human resources to keeping the machines viable.
Formally establishing a core of nodes will alleviate the burden from
a few nodes and distribute the processing requirements. This proposal
is not meant to be the solution to all problems of our network for
short and long term consideration. I view it as the next step to keep
things viable. Will it evolve into a WKS within DNS? I don't know.
My personal feeling is that I do not believe so. But, at least now
questions like this can be considered. View this as the second step
in a long (possibly spiral) staircase for BITNET/CREN.

I believe the establishment of a core is essential at this time and
the sooner the better.

/mrg

Disclaimer: The usual...

CONKLIN@BITNIC.BITNET (Jim Conklin) (02/13/90)

>On Fri, 9 Feb 90 11:09:22 EST Michael R. Gettes said:
>......
>......
>>So, in short, the decisions on who should participate in the core
>>were based on network load, development and compatibility.
>>I hope this clarifies things a little better.
>>
>>/mrg
>
>I'm sure Michael MEANT to say "... the decisions on who to RECOMMEND as
>core sites were based...."
>
>I sure would have felt better about this if it had come from the CREN
>board.  Why haven't we heard from them on this.  Why is PUCC making
>recommendations about reorganizing BITNET.  Is there some relationship
>between PUCC and the VMNET developers and the CREN board/BITNET
>management that we don't know about?  Am I the only one uncomfortable
>with what I've been reading here?  I can't even put my finger on WHY I'm
>uncomfortable, something just doesn't SEEM right.
>
>John/

The CREN Board reviewed the proposal, and its Technical Committee recommended
that a broad discussion was needed in order that it might benefit from the
wisdom of the network.  Hence the discussion in which you are participating!
                                             Jim