[rec.audio.high-end] Quasi-second order crossover

billt@chips.com (Bill Tuohy) (02/13/91)

I am planning to build my first set of speakers, and
in my research I have come across a line (VMPS kits)
that use what they call a quasi-second order crossover.
I have not seen this term anywhere else.  It claims
to keep the same phase relationships as a first-order
network, but with steeper rolloffs, or something
along those lines.  It also said something like
using 6dB slopes for the low frequencies and 12dB
for the highs.     

Does anyone know exactly what this is?  What exactly
does such a circuit look like, maybe I can figure out
for myself what it does.

While I'm at it, I have another question about my design.
I was thinking of using two 5 1/4" midrange cones per
speaker, for increased power handling, but am unsure
how to connect them.  I think I would like to keep the
impedance at a nominal 8 ohms.  My first thought was to
connect two 4ohm drivers in series, but then I read that
series connections can cause problems if the drivers don't
match exactly and the amp has a high damping factor (or was
that a low damping factor?)  Anyway, if I connect two 8ohm
drivers in parrallel, the impedance is 4ohms.  Can I put
8ohm resistors in series with the drivers, making it a parallel
connection of 16ohm drivers, giving 8ohms?  If I have an L-pad
for the midrange, should I leave the parallel connection at 4ohms
and adjust with the L-pad?  My Carver amp recommends using only
8ohm speakers when A and B speakers will be used together.  I guess
the A and B are connected to the amp in parallel.

Is there any other benefits or problems with using two midrange
drivers like this?  I assume that dual-woofer theory applies
to base-mid cones as well.  Would two drivers give any better
imaging or anything, or should I try to find a single driver 
that can do what I want power wise?

Sorry for all the questions, but as anyone who has designed speakers
knows, there are a lot of variables.


Thanks,

Bill

hull%hp-lsd@janus.Berkeley.EDU (Christopher Hull) (02/18/91)

In article <9528@uwm.edu> you write:
>
>I am planning to build my first set of speakers, and
>in my research I have come across a line (VMPS kits)
>that use what they call a quasi-second order crossover.
>I have not seen this term anywhere else.  It claims
>to keep the same phase relationships as a first-order
>network, but with steeper rolloffs, or something
>along those lines.  It also said something like
>using 6dB slopes for the low frequencies and 12dB
>for the highs.     
>
>Does anyone know exactly what this is?  What exactly
>does such a circuit look like, maybe I can figure out
>for myself what it does.
>

The quasi second order is really a first order network with        
steeper slopes in the x-over region.  The x-over configuration
consists of hooking the drivers up in series, and then
putting an inductor in parallel with the tweater, and
a capacitor in parrallel with the woffer.  For a first
order newtwork:

L = R/(2 Pi f)        C=1/(2 Pi R f)

For a Quasi-second order I recall that

L = R/(4 Pi f)        C = 1/(Pi R f)


Actually there is a coninum of available x-over choises

L = R/(2 x Pi f)         C = x /( 2 Pi R f)         1<= x <= 2

The Quasi-second order has 120 degrees phase shift between
the drivers at the x-over frequency.  This can be a problem
since a mere 60 degree phase error in the drivers (or due
to driver aligment) can cause a cancelation at the x-over
frequency.  You might try differen values of x to see 
what sound best.  By the way, R is the impedance of the
two drivers, and it is best that they both be close to
the same value (within say 30%).     

Chris Hull
hull@janus.berkeley.edu