ekat@NDCHEG.CHEG.ND.EDU (Katerina Yamalidou) (02/05/90)
Pairnontas aformi apo tis prosfates sizitiseis gia ta ellinotourkika,
parathetw ena arthro tou F.I. Kakridi pou dimosieftike stis Epifillides
tou BHMATOS ton perasmeno Avgousto. Prokeitai gia mia kritiki tou
vivliou tou Tourgout Ozal me titlo "H Tourkia stin Evrwpi" pou ekdothi-
ke to 1988 sto Parisi. Ta apospasmata apo to vivlio einai mesa se
dipla eisagwgika (" ").
________________________________________________________________________
(TO BHMA 13 Augoustou 1989 sel.42)
H TOURKIA STIN EYRWPH
F. I. Kakridis
O titlos mas einai apo to vivlio tou Tourgout Ozal, prwthipourgou
tis Tourkias, pou kikloforise gallika me prologo tou Fr. Lamant,
proedrou tis enwsis `Islam kai Disi', ton proigoumeno hrono (1). To
ergo ehei parousiastei sta NEA (13 kai 14 Dek. 1988), fantazomai
kai se alles efimerides. Omws i apli dimosiografiki parousiasi - kai
oi eirwnies - de ftanoun gia na antimetwpisoume afto to
tourkiko-eurwpaiko `anoigma', pou allwste den apefthinetai se emas
i stous ligous pou gnwrizoun ta pragmata, alla stin eurwpaiki koini
gnwmi: i aggliki kai germaniki ekdosi etoimazontai, an den
kikloforisan kiola.
Stohos tou siggrafea einai na (apo)deixei oti i Tourkia anoikei
politismika stin Eurwpi, kai i stratigiki tou einai panexipni. Hwris
na to xekatharizei, o k. Ozal vasizetai se mia anthrwpogewgrafiki
thewria, pou anagnwrizei tous teleftaious katoikous kathe periohis
ws nomimous klironomous kai antiproswpous twn lawn pou ezisan
apo katavolis kosmou sta idia hwmata kai twn politismwn pou
eihain anaptixei - san na agorazeis pirgo stin Agglia kai diekdikeis
tous titlous evgeneias twn fantasmatwn tou. Pera apo afto, ohi
hwris asinepeia, o k. Ozal den paraleipei na mnimonepsei tin
parousia twn prokatohwn tou se periohes opou to politismiko
gignesthai anikei, kata tin thewria pou akolouthei, se allous: "einai
genika paradekto oti tin epohi afti [girw sta 2600 p.X.] oi katoikoi
tis Anatolias anoihtikan sti thalassa kai se allepallila kimata
ksaplwthikan stis Kiklades, istera stin Kriti, telos stin Thessalia,
stin Ellada, gia na epektathoun sti sineheia se olous shedon tous
topous girw apo ti lekani tis Mesogeiou, kai ws tin Aigipto, pou
dehtike tin epithesi tous. [...] Oi katoikoi tis Anatolias (Anatoliens)
dimiourgoun stin Kriti enan apo tous pio wraious arhaious
politismous, pou onomazetai Minwikos" (sel. 38 k.)
Onomazontas `Anatolia'(2) tin Mikrasia, i tourkiki epistimi ehei
plasei enan kainourgio oro, opou pisw tou mporei kai frontizei na
kataskeuasei mian olokliri politismiki, makari kai politiki, enotita.
Etsi o k. Ozal ipogrammizei oti sti mahi tou Kantes (1312 p.X.),
opou oi Hettaioi antimetwpisan tous Aigiptious "apomakrismenoi
metaxi tous plithismoi, pou milousan diaforetikes glwsses, opws oi
Musoi (periohi tis Pergamou), Dardanoi (Tsanak Kale) kai Kilikes (ND
Anatolia, apenanti apo tin Kipro) polemisan me to meros twn
Hettaiwn. Ehoume edw ena sigkekrimeno simadi tis enotitas tis
Anatolias" (sel. 27). Ena deftero paromoio simadi anakaliptei o k.
Ozal ston Trwiko polemo: "H Iliada diigeitai akoma oti gia na
antimetwpisoun tis sinaspismenes ellinikes dinameis [...] oloi oi
laoi tis Anatolias enwthikan kai aftoi se ena kai monadiko
stratevma. [...] O polemos tis Troias apodikneii - spanio fainomeno
prin apo treis hiliades hronia - tin ikanotita twn plithismwn na
xepernoun tis diafores tous, gia na pragmatopoiisoun tin enwsi tis
Anatolias" (sel. 35 k.) - oper edei deixai.
Oplismenos me ta dikaiwmata tou teleftaiou idioktiti, pou tou
epitrepoun na xeperna oles tis hronologikes, filetikes, glwssikes
k.t.l. diafores, kai me to plasma tis eniaias Anatolias sti diathesi
tou, o k. Ozal mporei na themeleiwsei kai ton evrwpaiko kai ton
pagkosmio, an hreiastei, politismo, ston topo tou: dikoi tou
politismika oi Hettaioi (pou "itan anamesa stous prwtous pou
efarmosan ton kanona pacta sunt servanta": oi simfwnies prepei na
tirountai! -sel. 27), diki tou i Lidia, i Karia kai i Likia (sel. 31 kk.),
diki tou "i Troia kai o aigaios politismos" (sel. 34 kk.), dika tou, to
eidame, "i Kriti, ta nisia tou Aigiaou kai i Ellada" (sel. 38 kk.).
Gia opoion par' ola afta anarwtietai ti shesi ehoun oi Tourkoi me ola
touta, o k. Ozal ehei frontisei, diakritika opws panta kai epidexia,
na stisei tis aparaitites gefires. Grafei p.x.: "H paragwgi sidirou
apotelei mian akomi simvoli twn Hettaiwn ston anthrwpino
politismo. [...] Apo mia paraxeni istoriki simptwsi oi kinezikes
martiries mas apokaliptoun oti oi T'ou Kiou, progonoi twn Tourkwn,
itan kai aftoi laos poli sofos stin epexergasia tou sidirou" (sel. 30).
Kai allou: "...paradeigma gia ti megali anthrwpia twn Hettaiwn: stous
aihmalwtous polemou simperiferotan me kalosini, se apoliti
antithesi me tin agriotita twn Assiriwn. H idia simperifora
haraktirize kai tous Tourkous" (sel. 28). Aftoi oi akrovatismoi den
einai vevaia teleiws akindinoi. Ehontas milisei gia ta perifima
kratika arheia tis Hattousas, o k. Ozal sinehizei: "i iparxi aftwn twn
graptwn mnimeiwn, pou i sintaxi tous apaitouse megalo arithmo
grafewn, den mporei para na mas thimisei to megalo endiaferon pou
oi Tourkoi edeixan pantote [!] gia ta arheia. Etsi, i Anatolia einai i
moni hwra ston kosmo pou ta episima arheia tis kaliptoun hilia
exakosia hronia istorias: oktakosia anikoun stous Hettaious kai to
allo miso stous Tourkous" (sel. 25 k.) - Vizantina arheia giok! H
psevdoepistimoniki simptwseologia korifwnetai otan, se kapoia
stigmi, o k. Ozal apofasizei na gefirwsei kai tis glwsses: H glwssa
twn Hettaiwn "ehei tin idiaiterotita na min periehei kamia lexi pou
na arhizei apo rw. Tin idia epohi ta arhaia tourkika kai ellinika
parousiazoun to idio afto haraktiristiko" (sel. 25)!
Agnooume an to Ypourgeio mas twn Exwterikwn ehei `lavei gnwsin'
aftou tou vivliou, an parakolouthei tin kikloforia kai tis kritikes tou
kai an etoimazei kiolas, se sinergasia me tin Akadimia kai ta
Panepistimia, mian apantisi - i mipws o politismikos mas hwros
thewreitai ligotero zwtikos apo ton enaerio; Sto metaxi, apo touti
ti stili, opou simera den eidame para to prwto apo ta eikosi kefalaia
tou vivliou, tha sinehisoume me prwti efkaireia.
Simeiwseis:
(1) Turgut Ozal, Premier ministre de la Turquie, La Turquie en
Europe, Preface de Francis Lamand, paris (Plon) 1988, 252 sel.,
hartes k.t.l.
(2) O k. Ozal simeiwnei oti o oros "proerhetai apo ta arhaia ellinika"
(sel. 26) alla ta lexika mas siwpoun kai poli tha to thelame kapoios
eidikwteros na mas diafwtisei.
________________________________________________________________________
Gia tin antigrafi,
Katerina Yamalidou
University of Notre Dame
ekat@ndcheg.cheg.nd.edu