tzippy@dasys1.uucp (Tzipporah BenAvraham) (06/05/90)
Index Number: 8655 Hi again.. another file on funding for you and the voc rehab system. Noplace in your message do you indicate if you have a disability yourself. But since you are going to Galludet, I am thinking you MIGHT be. Anyhow. Here is a file how a disabled person uses the voc rehab system. Again good luck VOC REHAB/STUDENT FINANCIAL AID COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS Key administrators of the Department of Education pledged continued cooperation in assisting regional, state, and school personnel to carry out the Vocational Rehabilitation/Student Finanacial Assistance (VR/SFA) Cooperative Agreements, in fall '85 letters from Rehabilitation Services Administration and Office of Student Financial Assistance to those concerned. These Agreements, first proposed in 1979 as a Memorandum of Understanding are now in place in nearly all states, and detail how financial support from both Vocational Rehabilitation and other financial aid sources can be coordinated for disabled postsecondary education students. Prior to 1979 the state Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agency generally funded the entirety of a disabled student's costs of attendance in a postsecondary institution. If the agency did not have sufficient funds, the student paid the remainder out of pocket -- or did not attend. The increasing numbers of disabled students stretched the limited VR resources in the late 1970's and caused Congress to mandate in the 1980 Education Amendments that the financial aid system become more accessible to students with disabilities. The tool that opened up financial aid to students with disabilities was the Prototype State Memorandum of Understanding based on the earlier Memorandum of Understanding issued by key administrators from Rehabilitation Services Administration, Student Financial Assistance, and of Postsecondary Education. The Prototype suggested procedures for exchanging information between VR and SFA as an outgrowth of the 1980 Education Amendments. Each state then developed its own particular procedures to assist in sharing resources. In most states VR clients must apply for federal financial aid through the postsecondary education institution, and VR counselors and college financial aid officers must communicate to work out details of individual's funding. Thus costs of attendance can be shared among the student financial aid system, VR, and the student's family. A 1983 study of the the Cooperative Agreements in each state resulted in a generally positive evaluation. Over the last five years the Agreements have remained in effect in most states. "We have definitely opened up communication with financial aid officers," said a Nebraska Rehabilitation supervisor. More students with disabilities are using the mainstream financial aid system, and the Agreements may have been instrumental in increasing the numbers of disabled students now attending postsecondary education programs. During 1980 the American Council on Education's Project HEATH provided training to both student financial aid officers and VR counselors to assist in implementing the Cooperative Agreements in the states. HEATH staff continue to be in regular communication with concerned campus representatives. Disabled Student Services Coordinators and Financial Aid Officers interviewed for this story reported that the Agreements are indeed in place and that there is good cooperation with VR counselors. Some VR Counselors report, however, that they are exchanging information and developing coordinated support for clients, but are not aware of the Memorandum. Some postsecondary institutions, such as Nassau Community College (NY), Ball State University (IN), and the University of Wyoming, have one financial aid staff member who is responsible for all VR/SFA jointly funded students. Some states report that training is essential to productive use of the Agreements. In Indiana, the State Association of Financial Aid Officers has a standing committee on the Cooperative Agreements and conducts annual training programs on the Agreement. Additional training of VR Counselors in Nebraska over the past two years has strengthened the Cooperative Agreements there. While the Agreements are currently working well in most areas, several problems remain to be resolved to assure coordination of support for disabled students. Such problems include the necessity to clarify needs standards and "first dollar" payments, as well as the need to keep new staff informed about the Cooperative Agreements. Although a national program of training for the implementation of the VR/SFA Cooperative Agreements appears unlikely, information and technical assistance is available from designated officials. Contact HEATH for a listing of the Department of Education Regional Contact Persons for the Agreements. JOB TRAINING PARTNERSHIP ACT Disabled youth represent nearly 10% of all youth completing training in last year's Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) programs and disabled adults account for 8% of all adults involved, according to a recent report released by the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped (PCEH). The PCEH report notes that JTPA programs are extremely sensitive to state and local pressure. States which have high JTPA participation rates were identified as having strong involvement by organizations of and for disabled people. JTPA replaced the Comprehensive Employment and Training ACT (CETA) as the major employment and training legislation in October, 1983. JTPA's purpose is "to establish programs to prepare youth and unskilled adults for entry into the labor force and to afford job training to those economically disadvantaged individuals and other individuals facing serious barriers to employment, who are in special need of such training to obtain productive employment" (P.L. 97-300, Section 2 of JTPA). JTPA, by its definition to include economically disadvantaged and "other" individuals -- has the potential to provide a significant number of disabled people with public employment training opportunities. JTPA has approximately $3 billion flowing annually from the Department of Labor to the Governors of each state. It is the responsibility of the Governor to appoint a "State Job Training Coordinating Council" for each state choosing to participate in JTPA. (All states are currently participating). In addition, the Governor determines the number and location of "Service Delivery Areas" (SDA) within the state and establishes a "Private Industry Council" (PIC) in every SDA. Local PICs are responsible for developing a "Job Training Plan" for their SDA and establishing procedures for implementing the plan to distribute JTPA funds. JTPA funds spent on local training programs range from pre-employment training and job assistance to specific skill training and work experiences. For details of eligibility requirements services provided, and application procedures, contact the JTPA State Liaison person. Contact HEATH for the phone number of the JTPA State Liaison person. Although JTPA funds are not specifically targeted to handicapped individuals, disabled youth and adults gain a number of advantages, from JTPA including -job search assistance -employment/job counseling -basic skills training/adult basic education/remediation -vocational skills training -on-the-job training -outreach -developing work habits -supportive services necessary for participation in JTPA activities -retraining -education to work transition activities -work experience -bilingual and literacy training VOCATIONAL ASSESSMENT The number of handicapped students in the mainstream of vocational education programs has increased significantly within the last two decades. Consequently, the need for and interest in vocational assessment to further strengthen and improve vocational preparation of handicapped individuals has become a new priority, as mandated by the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act of l984. The basic purpose of vocational assessment is to assist individuals identify career/vocational interests and goals. Assessment can provide useful and needed information when it is ongoing--beginning in elementary school with career awareness and continuing through adulthood with vocational preparation and career decision-making. Although there is a lack of consensus by professionals about how extensive and complete the assessment should be, the basic components of a vocational assessment include:interview and behavioral observation of the handicapped individual being assessed; work samples including "hands-on" activities using the same materials,tools,and tasks found in the real work setting; psychometric tests measuring an individual's aptitude, interests dexterity, and academic achievement; and situational assessment which simulates the actual work conditions to assess work behaviors. Vocational assessment, when effectively administered and interpreted, provides constructive and positive feedback about an individual's vocational interests, abilities, and learning style. For many handicapped individuals who have been told what they 'cannot do', vocational assessment is a motivating and valuable tool for strengthening self-concept and self-confidence. The results of a vocational asessment are important for educators, parents, counselors, and all service providers in assisting handicapped individuals shape and plan both present and future career goals. For the school age population, information from a vocational assessment can help formulate present vocational goals and future transitional needs (for continued services after high school) as part of the Individualized Education Plan (IEP).For the postsecondary aged handicapped individual, Vocational Rehabilitation agencies have traditionally been the primary source for vocational assessment services. Information on vocational strengths, interests, and abilities should be written into the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Plan (IWRP) by Vocational Rehabilitation counselors serving handicapped clients. The collaborative efforts of all service providers is critical to insure the successful implementation of vocational assessment recommendations. In recent months, HEATH has received many inquiries from mildly to moderately handicapped young adults who are not Vocational Rehabilitation clients and have not had previous vocational preparation or opportunities while in school. The question often asked is "Where can one go for vocational testing, training, or in some cases,retraining?" The options can be numerous, but they are not as easily identifiable nor as available as is the local school system for school age handicapped youth or Vocational Rehabilitation for the severely handicapped individual. For the mildly to moderately handicapped adult out of school,a career counselor at the local university, community college, or vocational-technical school can interview and assess (through paper and pencil tests) career interests, abilities,and strengths.In addition to career counseling, there are numerous private non-profit community based organizations (i.e., Goodwill Industries, Association for Retarded Citizens), as well as private sources(i.e., certified vocational evaluators,for-profit agencies) that provide assessment services to handicapped individuals. Another excellent resource is the State Special Needs Coordinator, who is responsible for vocational education services and programs for handicapped, disadvantaged, and limited English speaking persons. Contact HEATH for the name and telephone number of the Special Needs Coordinator in your state. AIDS ON CAMPUS "Colleges and universities formulating policies on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) should make decisions on a case-by-case basis and remain flexible as more becomes known about the deadly disease," advises the American Council on Education (ACE) in a new document, AIDS on Campus: Emerging Issues for College and University Administrators . ACE, in conjunction with the Washington-based American College Health Association (ACHA), issued these and other recommendations to educators and student health center directors nationwide. Robert H. Atwell, president of ACE, said the information outlining the legal and medical aspects of AIDS was compiled because of the increasing public awareness and concern over AIDS. The report indicates that the most sensible response to AIDS is public health information programs. These campus programs should educate the academic community about the disease, its symptoms, known means of transmission, and precautions for avoiding or reducing the risks of contracting it. Schools considering dismissing students or employees with AIDS or requiring that they be routinely tested for the disease could risk violating both federal and state law, including the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973. That law prohibits discrimination against "qualified handicapped individuals" who participate in federally-funded programs. A circuit court ruling recently broadened the definition of "handicapped individuals" to include individuals suffering from such chronic contagious diseases as tuberculosis. Those with specific questions or concerns about AIDS information may contact the HEATH Resource Center. TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURY Traumatic head injury emerged this year as a disability issue for concern in the postsecondary education community. HEATH staff have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of requests for information about traumatic head injury from campuses, rehabilitation personnel, and parents. Traumatic head injury (THI) may result in physical, social, and cognitive changes in an individual's level of functioning. As persons with head injuries recover sufficiently these changes may affect their ability to function appropriately in school or work. The National Head Injury Foundation (NHIF) reports that every year 50,000 to 90,000 thousand of the 700,000 traumatically head injured persons are left with noticeable physical, social, and such cognitive deficits as impairment of memory, concentration, abstract reasoning, and emotional control which require special services to facilitate success in reentering school or work. The potential impact of individuals with head injury on postsecondary education and training programs is emphasized by the fact that 2 of every 3 individuals are under age 30. In fact, since the number of survivors of THI is growing, education and training after high school will increasingly be an option for persons who are head injured. HEATH staff have found that postsecondary options for THI students vary widely around the country, and that many students with head injury are enrolled in colleges and universities. The California Community College Task Force on Brain Injured Students estimates an enrollment in that system alone of over 3,000 head injured students, and it is developing guidelines for serving this population. It is sometimes difficult to determine how to best serve the traumatically head injured student. Some colleges have developed a structured THI program, while others handle such students on an individual basis. On campuses with specific programs for the head injured student, such as Coastline Community College and San Francisco City College in California, program staff assist the student in learning new methods of meeting college requirements, and often provide structured "ladders" to allow the student to reintegrate themselves into the campus community as he or she relearns coping skills. Peer groups are often an important part of the process, as are classes in cognitive, social, and study skills. According to Dr. Douglas Harrington, a neuropsychologist working with head injured students in California, the head injured individual who is not yet ready to enter a formal postsecondary program may benefit from adult education programs offered through local school districts if a structured educational program is provided. Dr. Ronald Savage, a neuroeducator at Castleton State College (VT) is directing services to approximately 15 students in the state of Vermont. Within the environment of a small New England college, head injured students are enrolled full time, and are mainstreamed in the dorms with other dorm residents actively participating in their rehabilitation. The Castleton program uses the student's roommates to monitor and help remediate behavioral deficits, while academic deficits are addressed through specially trained tutors in mainstream campus remedial services. Dr. Savage is pleased with the progress made in this environment, but he is concerned about the transferability of the program to a large college or university setting. Both Dr. Harrington and Dr. Savage caution that the traumatic head injured individual is not learning disabled, and often will not benefit from inclusion in campus LD programs; nevertheless, the THI student can successfully utilize some services traditionally provided in LD programs such as tutoring or notetaking. On campuses without head injury programs, the level of services varies. Often the head injured student is the "orphan child" of the campus, needing intensive and specialized resources that are not consistently available. Even though specialized services are lacking, the head injured student is a fact of life on campus, and head injured students are succeeding in many cases. How are head injured students managing without services? Often those students who are successful have a supportive faculty member or staff person on tap to assist them on campus, or have a unique community service available. "We drew colored lines on the sidewalk to help a student find her classes," according to Beverly Whitlock of The Treatment Centers, Inc., of Rockville, Maryland. Others have a supportive home situation to fall back on. Parents of head injured students are frequently a major factor in helping their head injured son or daughter relearn and succeed in the academic setting. The college "mentor" is also a factor in the eventual success of the student, but often the mentor finds the student is using much more time and resources than can reasonably be allocated to one person. Traumatically head injured persons and their families are not always aware of local options after hospitalization and may be left with little hope for the future. The HEATH Resource Center has begun to track postsecondary programs which include THI persons. We are currently aware of only a few. Readers are urged to contact HEATH with information on any post high school education/training program which serves THI students. In cooperation with the National Head Injury Foundation, Inc., HEATH has prepared an informational packet of possible state/local resources for head injured persons and their families. This packet is available free from HEATH. Request the THI Packet for your state. CAMPUS RESOURCE FILE The HEATH Resource Center maintains a Campus Resource File (CRF) of successful strategies, equipment, accommodations, policies, and exemplary programs currently in use to assist disabled students to succeed on American Campuses. Recently the CRF has been expanded to include not only colleges and universities, but also postsecondary business, trade and technical schools; independent living centers, and transition-training programs for disabled high school students. Information from the CRF is used in newsletter stories, in topical fact sheets, and to assist those who ask HEATH staff specific questions. Those involved with such postsecondary education programs which include disabled students are cordially invited to send brochures, newspaper articles, faculty or student handbooks, access ideas, equipment lists, and other pertinent materials to HEATH, Campus Resource File, One Dupont Circle, Suite 670, Washington, DC 20036. CAMPUS HIGHLIGHTS ;S25 Community Colleges Large numbers of community colleges in all parts of the country are now offering supportive services (tutors, notetakers, interpreters, campus orientation assistants, etc.) as well as adaptive equipment (tape recorders, Opticon, "talking" calculators, lap boards) on a routine basis, according to several hundred members of American Association of Comunity and Junior Colleges cross the country who responded with brochures, letters and other material to a recent request for their input to the HEATH Resource File. In addition to providing support, many schools are reporting their campuses to be barrier-free: Bergen (NJ), Northern Essex (MA), Lakeland (IL), Quinebaug Valley (CT), Northeast Technical Community College (NE), Texas State Technical Institute and Eastfield (TX), Valencia (FL), Mt. Hood (OR), and Grossmont (CA) Community Colleges, for examples. Some schools are offering adapted courses for credit. These include courses in physical education and sports (archery, golf, table tennis) at many schools, including DeAnza (CA); data processing at Feather River (CA) and others; courses for people with specific disabilities and others who might work with them in such areas as Braille, sign language, mobility training, and art therapy at Miami-Dade (FL) and Cabrillo (CA); and courses in independent living skills at DeAnza (CA). Mentally retarded students are enrolled in community college courses teaching food service at Seattle Community College and Everett Community College (WA) and Madison Area Technical College (WI). Johnson County Community College (KS), Foothill Community College (CA), and others offer a range of courses for this population including basic skills, pre-vocational skills, and activities of daily living. Special vocational evaluation is performed for all handicapped students at Florida Jr. College at Jacksonville, St. Louis Community College at Flourissant Valley (MO), San Juan Community College (NM), DeAnza (CA), and nine community colleges in Maryland. ;S25 Independent Living Centers Centers for Independent Living are community resource organizations run by and for disabled people. While each center is independently operated and district, most centers do have a core of similar major services. These include peer counseling, the teaching (by similarly-disabled peers) of daily living skills, use of adaptive devices, advocacy with community agencies, and help finding accessible housing and personal care attendants. HEATH staff have heard from many centers that are providing other programs. In the area of architectural accessibility the Boston Center for Independent Living has an adaptive equipment specialist on staff who does customized equipment and modifications in the client's home. The Community Service Center for the Disabled (CSCD) in San Diego offers a wheelchair repair service, also at home. Other centers are sponsoring support groups for specific populations. San Antonio Independent Living Services (where former HEATH staffer Nancy Stout is assistant director) sponsors an Attendant Care Task Force where people who use personal care attendants meet regularly to exchange ideas and experiences about screening, interviewing, and managing schedules of their attendants. Some parents of adult children living at home are also participating with their sons or daughters so that they can all learn about attendant care management before the young person moves out into the community. The CIL in Central Florida organized a support group for teens, where topics such as dating, family relations, independence, and future goals have been on the agenda. Paraquad in St. Louis has just begun a group to teach independent living attitudes to parents of disabled young people. Centers are also working with government-sponsored education departments. The San Antonio Center works with adult education teachers to help its clients succeed in classes. Staff provide interpreters, transcribe textbooks into Braille, and work with teachers to help meet student needs. The CIL in Central Florida has arranged for the county Cooperative Extention Service to teach home economics courses (such as homemaking, cooking, laundry, money management) at the Center for groups of 8-10 people. Mary Hencken, who arranged the courses there, says every county in the United States has a Cooperative Extension Service that is ready to give home economics classes either free or for a low fee, and that she worked with an instructor ahead of time to ensure that the instructor was aware of her group's special needs. Transitional living arrangements have been established by some centers. Independent Living in the Capitol District, has recently opened the Lawrence Center where physically disabled adults live in private apartments for 6 months to 2 years while they learn to live on their own and manage the assistance required from others. The Boston CIL also operates transitional living apartment clusters within large apartment complexes for residents who are preparing to move out into the community. The program provides 1 daytime and 1 nighttime live-in personal care attendant, but clients routinely employ their own PCA's as needed. The Dayle McIntosh Center in Garden Grove, CA runs an emergency shelter called HEARTH for homeless disabled people. HEATH would like to hear from other independent living programs across the country to find out more about what they are doing. Staff refer callers to nearby centers frequently, particularly in cases where students are leaving home for the first time and could benefit from a network of peers. RESOURCES TO NOTE National Directory of Training and Employment Programs for Americans with Disabilities represents a joint effort by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Education to compile and publish information on programs which provide training to disabled individuals for competitive, private sector employment. There are 648 community based organizations listed by state in the Directory . Each program provides information on training areas, training levels, placement areas, post-placement support, and disability areas served. The Directory published in October 1985 will assist both employers in their search for trained workers and persons with disabilities in their search for available training and employment programs. Copies are available free by writing Ray Sanchez, Program Specialist, Employment Initiative, Administration on Developmental Disabilities, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Rm 348F, Washington, DC 20201, or by calling Vern Evans at (202) 245-2888. The Right To Grow Up -- An Introduction to Adults with Developmental Disabilities , edited by Jean Ann Summers, addresses the critical issues of providing services/programs to all adults with developmental disabilities throughout their lives. To address these issues, Part I examines the needs of people with developmental disabilities as they move through the various stages of the adult life cycle exploring such issues as the transition into adulthood, sexuality, marriage, parenthood, and concludes with a chapter on aging and elderly persons with developmental disabilities. Part II of the book looks at the services necessary (including a chapter on independent living programs) to provide the training and support needed by adults with developmental disabilities to participate successfully in their community--at home, at work, in recreation and leisure activities. Part III explores the policy/legal issues with chapters on self-advocacy, federal legislation, and finally, administrative and policy trends to ensure the development of programs that adults with developmental disabilities truly need and want. The Right To Grow Up can be ordered by prepaying $21.95 to Brookes Publishing Co., PO Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285, or calling toll free 800 638-3775. Careers in Service to Exceptional Individuals , a publication of the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, handsomely and clearly details the variety of jobs available today for those who may be interested in working with handicapped and/or gifted and talented persons. The 30 page book addresses the concepts of normal and exceptional, details the range of children's abilities in schools today, and covers the spectrum of careers in which people are employed to assist exceptional individuals to participate in education and independent living. The training and preparation as well as actual career responsibilities of school-based and health related personnel are described in words and photographs. School based personnel include special education teacher, aide, or supervisor, as well as social worker, speech-language pathologist, and vocational instructors and counselors. Health related professions such as physical therapist, occupational therapist, rehabilitation counselor, and creative arts therapist are also included. The book concludes with resources on careers, handicapping conditions, the gifted, and related reading. Careers In Service to Exceptional Individuals is available by prepaying according to the following schedule to CEC, 1920 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091-1589: 1-9 copies $4.00 each, 10 copies for $20.00, 50 copies for $50. Peterson's Guide to Colleges with Programs for Learning Disabled Students by Charles T. Mangrum II and Stephen S. Strichart is a comprehensive guide to more than 250 four-year colleges and universities offering special services for students with dyslexia and other learning disabilities. An informative and comprehensive 11 page introduction, covers definitions and characteristics of learning disabled persons. General and historical information about college programs for this population are included as are sections on admissions, support services, and preparation and counseling in high school. The Guide itself devotes an entire page to each college with an easy to use chart that lets the reader assess a program and compare colleges quickly and effectively. Detailed information is provided (in very small type) on the learning disabilities program, services, and aids available at each college. Available in bookstores or from Peterson's Guides, Department 5710, 166 Bunn Drive, PO Box 2123, Princeton, NJ 08540-0008, for $13.95 plus $2.00 for shipping and handling. An Educator's Manual: What Educators Need to Know About Students with Traumatic Brain Injury is a publication of the National Head Injury Foundation, Inc.(NHIF), It is the only resource currently available for parents, educators, and others which provides information about what happens when the survivors of traumatic brain injury reenter the classroom. In just under 70 pages, the dozen co-authors present a reasonably clear explanation of the effects of traumatic brain injury on academic performance and potential for this rapidly growing population. Cognitive reeducation, vision, hearing, speech and language therapy are described. The point by point comparison of how traumatic brain injury differs from learning disability is especially informative. Social aspects of traumatic brain injury are also addressed. Appendices on computer based cognitive rehabilitation and resource lists could easily be expanded into separate volumes. An Educator's Manual is available from the National Head Injury Foundation,Inc.($14.00) Post Office Box 567, Framingham, MA 01701 (617) 879-7473. NEW FROM HEATH Financial Aid and Disabled Students--1986 Edition by Jay Brill and Rhona Hartman covers current information for students, parents, counselors, and others interested in how to pay for college and other postsecondary training. The paper describes the financial aid system, the process for applying for aid, and the federal financial aid programs. It address disability-related expenses and suggests how to include them in a student budget. The roles that both the Vocational Rehabilitation and Social Security systems can play in providing financial support and other resources for students with disabilities are also covered. Other sources of financial aid, such as state programs, and private scholarships are included. Selected, annotated resources and a Pre-College Financial Aid Checklist conclude the paper. Those who have requested the Financial Aid fact sheet since September 1985 will be sent this update. HEATH staff has updated the resource lists and texts of the following previously available fact sheets: Access to the Science Lab and Classroom, Audiovisual Materials, Cost Effective Ideas for Serving Disabled Students, Learning Disabled Adults in Postsecondary Education, and Measuring Student Progress in the Classroom. Single copies of each of these, including Financial Aid and Disabled Students , are available free by request to HEATH. Note that permission to duplicate HEATH materials is not necessary; in fact, such duplication is definitely encouraged . Choosing a College: A Guide for Students with Disabilities , written by Jane Jarrow and others, is a joint publication effort of the Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Post-secondary Education (AHSSPPE) and HEATH. The Guide proceeds from the premise that there are many guides and manuals which tell the average student "how to choose a college" and that they all apply to disabled students as well. The AHSSPPE/HEATH Guide is to be used in combination with other such guides to assist students with disabilities organize their search and decision-making process. The authors speak directly to you , the student: "Do not allow your disability to become the major influence in your life: keep it in its proper perspective.... [disability related] needs should be just one part of a much larger list of considerations to be made." Each section of the Guide corresponds to those in the Individualized Education Plan, which is familiar to many disabled high school students and their families, and provides information as well as questions which a student should ask him or herself and others in the search and decision-making process. Single copies are available from HEATH. Multiple copies will be sent to those who indicate how the guides will be used. hope this is an inspiration as well