[net.columbia] Acceleration Limits

eder@ssc-vax.UUCP (Dani Eder) (11/28/84)

> There were two estimates of the acceleration necessary for an EM launcher
> to work: 92 g and 1000 g.  I'm not going to argue which is right since
> I can't think of subjecting any object to those forces except raw materials.
> To manufacture something which could take that kind of acceleration would
> either cost too much or add weight to the object just to strenghthen it.
> Sending only raw materials into space would solve this problem (manufacture
> what you need in space).  I still don't know what kind of vehicle (to put
> the raw materials into) could withstand the forces.  Seems like the vehicle
> itself would account for the lions share of the launch weight.

     Take type 7075 Aluminum as an example.  It has a yield strength of
73000 psi, and a density of .1 lb/cu in.  Thus a column 730000 inches high
would give way under its own weight (at 1 g).  Similarly, a column 730
inches high would give way under 1000 g acceleration.  If you back off
by a factor of 10 in acceleration, then the aluminum could support 9 times
its weight in other stuff, plus its own weight.  In the real world, you
back off from the yield strength to have a margin of safety, and there
are materials considerably stronger per weight than aluminum.  But the
general message is at 100 g's the structural weight is a small fraction
of the total, if the object is 60 feet long.  At 1000 g's, the object
would have to be on the order of 6 feet long for the same result.

     I'll list the figures for the 92g projectile:  
Total mass 30 000 kg
 Payload	5102
 Oxidizer      14871
 Fuel		4957
 Vehicle	5070
  Structure		1373
    Oxidizer Tank		771
    Fuel Tank			217
    Body Shell			285
    Payload Adapter		 50
    Thrust Structure		 50
  Thermal Protection	 280
  Electronics		 276
  Power			 238
  Propulsion		1040
    Main Engine			500
    Plumbing/Pressurization	340
    Steering			 50
    Nozzle Extension		150
  Auxiliary Propulsion	 600
  Recovery System	 228
  Payload fairing	 385
  Growth Margin		 650

     As for what the payload could be, 75% of the payload brought to
low earth orbit is propellants.  Fuel doesn't particularly care how
many g's it sees.  Rolls of aluminum for a Grumman-type beam builder
can stand high g's.  Solid state electronics, if packaged properly,
can also withstand high g's.  But even sticking to propellants and
structural parts, you have accounted for the vast majority of payload
weight to orbit.

Dani Eder / Boeing Aerospace Company / ssc-vax!eder / (206)773-4545