chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (Bo Chi) (11/19/89)
| +---------I __L__ ___/ \ -------I +----+----+ | ___\_\_ | \./ | | -----+- | | | | | __ \/ | --+-- |--- | |---| | I----+----I | I__J/\ | __|__ | | | |---| | | | _____ \ | /| \ | | | L__-| | I I---------J / J \/ | | V | J * C h i n a N e w s D i g e s t * (ND Canada Service) -- Nov. 19 (I), 1989 Table of Contents # of Lines 1. Beijing Issued New Regulation For FAX Machines ...................... 44 2. CMC Meeting Tries To Ensure The Party's Control Over Army ........... 89 3. News From Europe .................................................... 18 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Beijing Issued New Regulation For FAX Machines ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IZZYQ00@UCLAMVS.BITNET (J. Ding) [Source: UPI, 11/15/89] Beijing authorities have issued a new regulation ordering strict supervision of facsimile machines to prevent the distribution of dissident publications, empowering monitors to pull the plug if needed, the Chinese press reported Wednesday. According to the notice, all government departments, Chinese companies and universities in Beijing must appoint a monitor to oversee incoming fax material to "firmly stop the spreading of overseas reactionary propaganda materials," the semi-official China News Service report said. The new regulation was announced shortly after controversy erupted over a fax campaign organized by exiled leaders of the Paris-based dissident group, the Federation for Democracy in China. On Nov. 2, the FDC disclosed plans to send to 5,000 fax machines in China a manifesto announcing the founding of the federation and calling on all Chinese to unite in a "great struggle for human rights, peace, tranquility and development of all mankind." But Chinese public security authorities interfered by deploying police to seize copies of the manifesto at many fax sites. The manifesto reportedly bore the masthead of the People's Daily, the official Communist Party newspaper. Under the new order to check all incoming faxes, the person appointed as monitor has the right to turn off the machine when necessary, the China News Service said. It quoted the regulation as specifying that any dissident material "must be turned over immediately to the local Public Security unit, and may not be handled at individual discretion." The new directive extends to foreigners in Beijing, but it did not appear to include stationing monitors at fax machines in foreign businesses and offices. In addition to instructions to all city work units to "educate the vast masses not to listen to or believe reactionary propaganda," the notice calls for special attention to foreigners residing in Beijing. "The notice ... especially points out the need to strengthen propaganda and education for foreign businessmen and foreigners in Beijing, making them understand that it is illegal to distribute reactionary propaganda against the Chinese government and Communist Party, and that such actions are not friendly," the agency said. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. CMC Meeting Tries To Ensure The Party's Control Over Army ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: hkucs!kwchan@uunet.UU.NET (Society of HKU Postgraduates on Chinese Affairs) [Source : South China Morning Post, 11/15/89] by Willy Wo-Lap Lam Chinese patriarch Deng Xiaoping and General-Secretary Jiang Zemin have made a bid to contain the expansionist tendencies of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and ensure the military remains under the Chinese Communist Party leadership. The theme of the army serving the overall interests and requirements of the party and country was sounded at a secret Central Military Commission (CMC) conclave held in Beijing from November 10 to 12. Meeting for the first time after the June 4 Tiananmen Square crackdown, the CMC mapped out the "guiding thoughts" and principal tasks to be pursued in the coming year. The enlarged meeting was attended by regional commanders, leaders of the general staff, and officers from the general political and logistics departments. Military sources say that CMC also laid down the foundations for a reshuffle of regional and district commanders as well as senior officers in the three PLA departments. The restructuring, which could take place early next year, is in line with efforts by first vice-chairman Yang Shangkun - widely regarded as the CMC strongman - to move key associates into key positions. The official media have run excerpts of speeches made by both Mr Jiang, the new chairman, and Mr Yang. Mr Jiang, the first CMC chief who has no military experience, said: "We must insist on the party's absolute leadership over the army." "This is the fundamental principle of army construction by the Communist Party." Mr Jiang hinted that with the possibilities of war receding, and with the focus of the party and country on economic work, the priorities of the army must be changed accordingly. He called on the PLA to work hard with one heart and one mind with the people of the whole country to improve economic reforms. Referring to structural reforms and streamlining that has been carried out in the PLA in recent years - including the demobilisation of a million soldiers - Mr Jiang hinted it would be unrealistic for the army to seek a significant expansion. Mr Jiang also called on the top officers to study and implement earnestly the military thoughts of Mr Deng, who has been instrumental in reducing the world's largest army. In his speech, Mr Yang disclosed that in the coming year, political construction will be enhanced to guarantee the party's absolute leadership over the army. Analysts say, however, Mr Jiang will continue to have to wrestle with demands by the army to increase its influence in national policy-making. A Western military analyst said:"Since the imposition of martial law in Lhasa on March 7 and on Beijing on May 20, the army's role in national affairs has increased." "Thinking that it has made an historic contribution to the party and state by crushing the 'counter-revolutionary rebellion', the PLA is convinced that its attempts at self-aggrandisement is justified." For example, while the PLA's share of the national budget is likely to remain at the present level of about 7%, it will ask for other, "hidden" subsidies. In recent months, influential generals have stressed that ideological campaigns must be waged nationwide to enhance the people's awareness of national defence. Chinese sources say that the secret CMC meeting discussed a draft legislation on national defence mobilisation, which could be passed into law next year. The law will make it easier for the PLA to mobilise people for purposes of national defence. Moreover, it will facilitate the army's procurement of logistical and other military-support facilities and material from other government departments. In his speech at the CMC meeting, Mr Jiang called on the party and government units to strengthen awareness of national defence and actively support and promote army building. Military sources say the CMC meeting also discussed issues concerning army unity, which the top officers hope will be promoted through the forthcoming reshuffle. That there is lack of cohesiveness within the top ranks is evident from the fact that many officers expressed reservations about using military force to crush the pro-democracy movement. Top military leaders are reported to be specially concerned about the centrifugal tendencies of certain commands in southern China. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. News From Europe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IUTS0@ccuab1.uab.es (Sean Golden) [Source: Ajoblanco, 11/16/89] BARCELONA, SPAIN -- the Spanish partner in the campaign to send copies of the fake People's Daily to the PRC by FAX, held a press conference to launch the Spanish edition. The invited speaker was XU Tianfang, spokesman for the FDC in Paris. The "Consejo de Estudiantes" (Student Association) of the University of Cantabria (Santander, Spain) held an assembly and voted to protest as strongly as possible against the actions of the Chinese government in repressing the democracy movement and to express their total support for the efforts of Chinese students express their total support for the efforts of the Chinese students in the PRC and abroad. On 13 December 1989 the Chinese Studies Centre of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona will host a conference on the democractice movement in China. The FDC will be represented by Lao Mu. The painter-poet Ma Desheng and the poet Duo Duo will also attend, as well as Spanish students a and journalists and sinologists who were present in Beijing this Spring. The conference will include an exhibition of videotapes, photos, slides & texts about the Democracy Movement and the events which took place in Beijing. There will also be poetry readings and an art exhibit. +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Executive Editor: Deming Tang E_mail: Tang@ALISUVAX.bitnet | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ============================================================================= News Transmission chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (or) -------------------- --------------------- Local Editor: Bo Chi chi@vlsi.waterloo.edu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- send out time: Mon Nov 19 11:10:12 EST 1989 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (Bo Chi) (11/19/89)
| +---------I __L__ ___/ \ -------I +----+----+ | ___\_\_ | \./ | | -----+- | | | | | __ \/ | --+-- |--- | |---| | I----+----I | I__J/\ | __|__ | | | |---| | | | _____ \ | /| \ | | | L__-| | I I---------J / J \/ | | V | J * C h i n a N e w s D i g e s t * (ND Canada Service) -- Nov. 19 (II), 1989 Table of Contents # of Lines Headline News ........................................................... 21 1. China Is Making "A Great Leap Backward" ............................. 44 2. Golf Course Shooting Were Actually Gun Testing, Japanese Still Nervous ......................................... 54 3. More Than 40 Will Be Tried For Counter-Revolutionary Crimes ......... 87 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Headline News ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Deng Xiaoping, at a high ranking military meeting in September, said that if Taiwan wanted to be independent, we would attack. Source said that Deng's speech can be summarized as: (1) Taiwan should be put on the daily agenda, we can not always give a smiling face; (2) if they make indepedency, we will hit them. It is a matter of principle; (3) there are two possible targets now: Taiwan and Vietnam. [From: simone@nyspi.bitnet (J. Yang)] [Source: World Journal, 11/16/89] (2) Chinese government has been taking a revenge on U.S. and French military diplomats. Those military envoies have been singled out for the activities hosted by Chinese army. The most recent case was on Nov. 13, when all military diplomats were invited to the ceremony of the grand opening of air force museum except U.S., Frence, and Vietnam. The diplomats in Beijing joke them as 'The Gang of Three'. In August 1st, Chinese government did not invite the U.S., Frence, and Vietnam military diplomats to attend a tour to Tianjing, which all other military diplomats were invited. Also, in a recent shooting friendship game which is hosted by Chinese army once a year, 'The Gang of Three' were again not on the guest list. [From: simone@nyspi.bitnet (J. Yang)] [Source: World Journal, 11/16/89] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. China Is Making "A Great Leap Backward" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IZZYQ00@UCLAMVS.BITNET (J. Ding) [Source: Associated Press, 11/15/89] Winston Lord, a former U.S. ambassador to China, told Congress on Wednesday that China is making "a great leap backward" and said the United States should withhold full cooperation until a new, more democratic regime is in place in Beijing. Lord told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that it likely will take several years before China reverses the course it embarked upon when it brutally cracked down on pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing's Tianamen Square. Until such a reversal, he said, "we must both sustain our condemnation of Beijing's actions and preserve the framework for future cooperation when China's big chill is lifted." "For us to resume full cooperation will require a new regime in Beijing," he said. Lord, who was ambassaddor in Beijing from November 1985 to last April, said he had been reluctant to comment on China's problems until the crackdown in June. "Such inhibitions have been swept away as Beijing's leaders proceded from intransigence to massacre to executions to repression, roundups, purges, disappearances, harassment, surveilance, Orwellian groupthink, rollback of reforms and extreme xenophobia all cloaked in a particularly brazen display of the Big Lie," he said. "Since June the trends have been bleak indeed as China seems to be making a great leap backward to the 1950's and 1960's," Lord said. In this period, he said, the loyalty of the United States "should be to the Chinese people and the Chinese officials some deposed, many still in office who deplore such policies and not to the handful responsible for crushing Chinese spirits." The United States should do nothing, he said, to break the web of relationships that have been built since the United States normalized relations with China. "We cannot rip out all of these roots that we have so carefully nutured," he said. "We must preserve the foundations for the time when a more cooperative relationship with China is once again possible." Above all, he said, the United States must realize that "the Chinese are responsible for the current impasse and it is up to them to break it." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Golf Course Shooting Were Actually Gun Testing, Japanese Still Nervous ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IZZYQ00@UCLAMVS.BITNET (J. Ding) [Source: Associated Press, 11/15/89] by Terril Jone Chinese authorities admitted Wednesday that soldiers fired their guns near Japanese golfers last weekend but said it was an accident unrelated to a death threat received by Toyota officials. Officials of the Public Security Ministry told Japanese diplomats their investigation showed a few soldiers were "testing" their guns at a shooting range south of the Beijing Golf Club on Sunday, Japanese sources in Beijing said. The security officials said some bullets strayed onto the course near the ninth and 18th holes, according to the sources, who would not be further identified. Several Japanese golfers reported hearing two bursts of machine gun fire and bullets whizzing by shortly before noon Sunday. They included three employees of Toyota Motor Corp., whose Beijing office on Nov. 9 received a letter containing a bullet and note threatening to kill Japanese in China. The security officials were quoted as telling the Japanese diplomats that while the Chinese side took the shooting incident seriously, it was unrelated to the death threat. Chinese authorities instructed related units to take measures "to eliminate the uneasiness," but did not apologize for the incident, the sources said. Toyota, which had considered withdrawing its staff from China following the letter and shooting incident, decided to keep them in place, Toyota spokesman Andy Pfeiffenberger said in Tokyo. "We decided the situation didn't call for them to be taken back to Tokyo," Pfeiffenberger said. "We told them to be careful, to be alert to things there, but things are back to normal and work is going on as usual." Toyota has seven employees in Beijing and six in Canton (Guangzhou), Pfeiffenberger said. He would not say if the note was signed or disclose its contents, but the sources in Beijing said it read, "Now that the martial law troops have gone, our time has come. Go back to Japan. From now, we will kill Japanese." Soldiers called in under martial law were stationed at major intersections and overpasses in Beijing after the June 3-4 military crackdown on the pro-democracy movement of this spring. The last troops were removed Nov. 1, and only a few armed police remain at Tiananmen Square, the focal point of the protests. In July and August, a group calling itself the "Blood-Bright Dare to Die Squad" sent letters to several Japanese firms threatening to kill Japanese in retaliation for Japan's "economic invasion" of China. Japan's trade surplus with China was $3.1 billion last year, according to Chinese figures, but Japanese figures say the surplus was $383 million in China's favor. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. More Than 40 Will Be Tried For Counter-Revolutionary Crimes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IZZYQ00@UCLAMVS.BITNET (J. Ding) [Source: UPI, 11/15/89] by Scott Savitt More than 40 leaders of last spring's democracy movement now detained at a maximum-security prison outside Beijing are to be tried for counter- revolutionary crimes, the most serious political charges in China, Chinese sources said Wednesday. According to the sources, those to stand trial include student leader Wang Dan, former top government policy adviser Cao Siyuan and veteran human rights activist Ren Wanding. Sources said they will be charged under a broadly defined constitutional clause that lists as counterrevolutionary any "act against the state, that seeks to undermine the leadership of the Communist Party and overthrow the dictatorship of the proletariat." The statute, which normally carries a sentence of more than 10 years in prison or labor camps, has been invoked in the past to silence dissidents. But at its worst, a charge of counterrevolution can be tantamount to treason and warrant the death penalty. The government has branded the protests last spring as a "counterrevolutionary rebellion." Since the bloody military crackdown on the democracy movement in June, thousands of people have been arrested nationwide. Suspected organizers have been held in the tightly guarded Qincheng Prison in Beijing's northern suburbs. The Chinese sources said more than 1,000 leaders of the movement, including student organizers, intellectuals and democracy activists are held in the prison. But after almost six months of intensive investigations, authorities have decided to release most of them and will try only a few of the top organizers. The sources said the list of those to be tried has yet to be finalized, but will almost certainly include Wang, Cao, the director of a liberal think tank, and Ren, who served four years in prison after the 1978-79 "Democracy Wall" movement. The sources said the trials will most likely not be publicized, and only the sentences will be announced. They also said that prisoners have already begun to be released. Some have been allowed home with the stipulation they do not talk about their cases or treatment. Wang, 20, was a history major at Beijing University and a key protest leader this spring. He was named No. 1 on a government most-wanted list and was captured in July while trying to escape. Cao, 43, is a social scientist who served as a policy adviser to deposed Communist Party leader Zhao Ziyang. The former director of the Stone Research and Development Institute, a private think tank, Cao backed crucial reforms such as loosening of the state ownership system and helped draft China's first bankruptcy law. After Premier Li Peng declared martial law in Beijing May 20, Cao circulated a petition calling for an emergency meeting of the National People's Congress, China's parliament, in an unsuccessful bid to use its power to overturn the decision. Ren, 45, the founder of the China Human Rights League, remained silent after his release from prison in 1984 but began to speak out again last year. He argued in an article in The New York Times last December that "the opening trend in China has become irreversible" and criticized the party as corrupt and unresponsive to the people. Ren spoke at Beijing University on several occasions during the movement, and addressed huge crowds on Tiananmen Square. He was arrested at his home June 9. Family members of those detained say they have no contact with prisoners. Prisoners can receive living supplies, but relatives deliver them to a prison in Beijing and authorities distribute them. Qincheng is traditionally the site for detaining political prisoners. Its most prominent inmate is Mao Tse-tung's widow Jiang Qing, leader of the radical "Gang of Four," who was sentenced in 1981 for crimes committed during the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution. Sources familiar with conditions in Qincheng said prisoners were initially given only two meals everyday, and there were beatings during questioning. But conditions have improved as public security personnel have taken over interrogations from the military, and three meals and exercise are now given. Prisoners are kept eight to a cell measuring 9 feet by 15 feet and not allowed reading material. There are daily interrogations. The several thousand people held for other crimes in local police stations for demonstrating and blocking the progress of troops have begun to be dealt with as well. Many have received labor education sentences. Under those, the accused are sent to farms around Beijing for two-year labor stints and will be released without a criminal record, the sources said. +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Executive Editor: Deming Tang E_mail: Tang@ALISUVAX.bitnet | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ============================================================================= News Transmission chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (or) -------------------- --------------------- Local Editor: Bo Chi chi@vlsi.waterloo.edu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- send out time: Mon Nov 19 14:30:27 EST 1989 Note: This package was bounced back once. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (Bo Chi) (11/19/89)
| +---------I __L__ ___- i \ ------I +----+----+ | ___\_\_ | \./ | | -----+- | | | | | __ \/ | --+-- |--- | |---| | I----+----I | I__J/\ | __|__ | | | |---| | | | _____ \ | /| \ | | | L__-| | I I---------J / J \/ | | V | _/ * C h i n a N e w s D i g e s t * (ND Canada Service) -- Nov. 19, (III), 1989 Table of Contents # of Lines 1. From ISU: Panel Discusses China Crackdown ................... 60 2. Grad Student Sees Hope for China ............................. 70 3. Recent Activities of Former Student Leaders from Beijing .... 24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Panel Discusses China Crackdown ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Tang@alisuvax.bitnet (Deming Tang) Source: Iowa State Daily, 11/17/89 1. Panel Discusses China Crackdown by Jennifer Gates A pannel of witnesses and experts discussed last summer's government crackdown in Beijing, China, and how it affected the role of Chinese media and its impact on development. Key speaker Madame Yang Ge, teh editor of a Beijing pro-democratic magazine was closed following the student massacre in Tiananmen Square. Ge told an audience of about 200 people through an interpreter that the Chinese government has tried to censor information received by the Chinese people by controling the media. However, this effort has not succeeded, she said. Information is now circulated in China by what Ge called "back-alley" news. Back-alley news is information that is passed by word of mouth. "The most effective way is word of mouth -- that is, from one person to another. It moves faster than newspapers," Ge said. There are still newspapers operating in China. However, she said, these papers are controlled by the government. Ge said these papers can still provide the peole with useful information. "In China, people are very careful reading the newspaper. Read between the lines," Ge said. Before the massacre in Tiananman Square, there had been 10 years of relaxed control over the mass media, Ge said. She said this period of available information helped promote the pro-democratic movement. "Had there been no mass media... it would mot have been possible for China to form the mass democratic movement," Ge said. "In China, if there is no media there is no freedom and democracy, and if there is no freedom and democracy there is no mass media," Ge said. Another member of the panel, John Wong, said he questioned whether or not the students in Tiananman Square truly understood democracy. Wong was in Beijing when the massacre occurred. Wong said he believed the students do want more personal freedom, but he doesn't think they understood it as applied in the West. He said Chinese students do not understand the responsibilities that go along with the personal freedom of democracy. Wong said students he talked to believed one of two things. He said they believe, "with democracy, all these evils(of society) will go away," or they believe democracy will give them an economy like Japan or the United States. Most members of the panel agreed the China is headed for reform. De-Ming Tang, representative of the Iowa State Chinese Students Association, said his family in China has already heard about reforms in East Germany. He said such information will keep the democratic movement going in China. Ge ended the discussion by saying, "Without reform, there is no hope in China." ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Grad Student Sees Hope for China ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Tang@alisuvax.bitnet (Deming Tang) Source: Iowa State Daily, 11/17/89 by Renee Zirk Business Graduate Student Hong Wei Li is optimistic about China's future. "A lot of students here(in the U.S.) say they won't go back to China because it's hopeless. I think it's hopeful, I want to go back," she said. Li, who has been in the U.S. since July 21, 1989, was teaching English at Shanghai International Studies University during the student uprising, which started in April in Beijing. She said students in Shanghai were eager to support the students in Beijing, and some of her students joined the hunger strike. Although students didn't attend classes during this period, authorities told Li to remain in the classroom. Buses in Shanghai didn't run for five days because students and civilians let the air out of bus tires. People had to walk to work. Some walked two to three hours, and many couldn't get to work at all, she said. Because of this, she said, production was "greatly affected." Trans- portating rice and getting electricity was a problem too, Li said. Li said she would like the Chinese government to change, but she said this will take time. She said it took more than 100 years to gain an open-door policy in the country and students should be satisfied with changes are occuring. "I don't think there was much killing in Beijing, just in the outskirts," Li said. However, Newsweek reported that approximately 1,000 to 2,500 unarmed civilians were killed in the pro-democratic movement. An ISU business graduate student, who preferred not to be identified, was in Japan during the uprising. She said, according to Japanese newspaper there were about 3,000 civilians killed, whereas the Chinese newspapers reported about 300. --------- Note: Ms. Li, Hong-Wei is a student majoring in Bussiness Management. She came to U.S. on July 21, 1989 with F-1 Visa. She now lives in ..., U.S.A ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. RECENT ACTIVITIES OF FORMER STUDENT LEADERS FROM BEIJING ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 17 Nov 89 10:18 EST From: GHUANG@UMAECS RECENT ACTIVITIES OF FORMER STUDENT LEADERS FROM BEIJING 1. On Nov.14 and Nov.15, Uerkesh, Shen Tong and Li Lu were invited to Washington D.C. to receive the "Kennedy Human Rights Award" for Fang Li-zhi (Fang's son was there as well). In DC., they met Polish Leader Walesa and submitted a congratulation letter to him. 2. In the Nov. 15 Morning, Shen Tong was on ABC's "Good Morning America" from New York to have a live conversation with East German Student leader Jacob Hein in East Berlin. Hein said that they learned about Chinese Democratic Movement this year through western media and were very sympathetic to us. Shen Tong said,"I wish I could stand on the Berlin Wall to fell the wind of freedom." The effect of our long-term struggle will be visible in China. 3. Today (Nov.17), Shen Tong will meet activists of East German opposite party "New Forum" in Boston. Those former student leaders are starting to establish relationship with East European democratic forces. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Editor: Gang Xu (NDUS) E-mail: gxu@kentvm.bitnet | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ============================================================================= News Transmission chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (or) -------------------- --------------------- Local Editor: Bo Chi chi@vlsi.waterloo.edu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- send out time: Sun Nov 19 14:31:20 EST 1989 Note: This package was bounced back once. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .