chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (Bo Chi) (01/06/90)
| +---------I __L__ ___/ \ -------I +----+----+ | ___\_\_ | \./ | | -----+- | | | | | __ \/ | --+-- |--- | |---| | I----+----I | I__J/\ | __|__ | | | |---| | | | _____ \ | /| \ | | | L__-| | I I---------J / J \/ | | V | J * C h i n a N e w s D i g e s t * (ND Canada Service) -- Jan. 6 (I), 1990 Table of Contents No. of Lines Brief News .......................................................... 31 1. Chinese Students Turn in Required Self-Criticism Reports ......... 49 2. Lessons for China's Pro-democracy Exiles ......................... 86 3. Developments in EE and SU: Ceausescu's "China Plan" .............. 30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Brief News ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Form: JBH Online (ISSN 0896-8241) and IZZYQ00@OAC.UCLA.EDU Source: Radio Beijing, Radio Netherlands International and AP, 1/4-5/90 RB and RNI -- For the second time in a week, the Government of the People's Republic of China has lodged an official protest with the French Government over the latter's sale of new ships to Taiwan, calling the sale an act of "direct interference in the internal affairs of China." RNI reports that the French Government says because the ships carry no weapons, their sale does not violate its agreements with the Chinese Government. In its report, however, RB mentions the ships' anti-submarine warfare capabilities. AP -- The Bush administration showed a "widespread disregard for human rights" in 1989, especially surrounding events in China and El Salvador, a human rights group, Human Rights Watch contended today. In China, the administration "imposed the minimum sanctions" after officials there killed hundreds of Chinese last summer and crashed a pro-democracy movement, the report said. It also criticized a secret meeting held between Chinese officials and national security adviser Brent Scowcroft and Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger. "The administration thus made clear that the killing and imprisonment of pro-democracy demonstra- tors would have no material impact on its dealings with the Chinese leadership," the report said. President Bush notified Congress that the International Development As- sociation, a World Bank subsidiary that makes low-cost loans to poor nations, had not made any new loans to China since June's crackdown. Bush filed the report to comply with legislation enacted in November that puts restrictions on U.S. payments to the fund. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Chinese Students Turn in Required Self-Criticism Reports ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: lin@Neon.Stanford.EDU Source: Associated Press, 1/5/90 By Terril Jones, Associated Press Writer Beijing -- After it crushed the democracy movement last spring, the Chinese government ordered university students to write self-criticism reports on their involvement. They have now turned them in - more as grudgingly done homework than soul-searching reflections. Students say they passed around a few "master" reports before the De- cember deadline, or plagiarized government propaganda to satisfy authorities overseeing the political education exercise. "My report was nonsense. I just said silly things, all lies," said a student at Beijing University, which was at the forefront of the movement. "I said I didn't agree with the hunger strike and posters, and that I didn't participate in anything." "Soldiers rushed in to Beijing to enforce martial law as the city suf- fered a serious counter-[revolutionary] rebellion," the student's 11-page report said. Such parroting of the official line was reflected in other students' similarly written reports, which were reprinted for several weeks in Beijing's two local newspapers, the Communist Party's Beijing Daily and the tabloid Beijing Evening News. The written testimonies have been the price the government has asked for not punishing the tens of thousands of students who took part in the spring demonstrations. Students say the key was to write the proper view about the movement, and how their attitudes have changed since June, or the reports will be re- turned for rewriting. "I think the reports should be written," a student at Beijing Normal University, another activist hotbed, said resignedly. "It keeps things quiet and then people won't bother you." "Of course, our leaders know a lot of us aren't serious," a management major said. Writing the essays was nevertheless a necessary exercise for staying on track for this student, who took part in many of the activities around Tiananmen Square but still plans to join the Communist Party. "If I want to go abroad, I'd better join," the student said. "It will be very use- ful for my future, for me to get a good job." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Lessons for China's Pro-democracy Exiles ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: mok@hdsrus.enet.dec.com Source: Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly, 1/1/90 By Jonathon Moses Newton, Massachusetts, US -- There have been two models of political exiles in China's 20th-century history: Mao Tse-tung, who retreated into the Chinese hinterland and led an army on Beijing, and Sun Yat-sen, who got word of a somewhat spontaneous uprising while on a fund-raising tour in the U.S. and returned to take part in the rebellion that overthrew the Qing Dynasty. The current group of Chinese exiles, born of this spring's democracy movement, is more like Dr Sun's. But its inability, even after a tragedy on the scale of the June 4 assault on student protestors, to create a unified overseas movement calls into question whether the group will take on the leadership of future revolts. The directions of the Paris-based Federation for a Democratic China met for five days recently in a motel in Newton, a suburb about seven miles west of Boston. It was the group's first major meeting since its founding ses- sion in Paris last August; since then the leaders have been busy with speeches and fund raising. It is too early to dismiss the significance of these overseas activists to China's political future. Nonetheless, divisions among the exiles already are threatening their political relevance. In fact, personality conflicts largely have undermined the effort to create a plan of action. Everyone agrees the movement must be nonviolent and democratic; beyond that, the political program is as unde- fined as it was in August -- or even May, for that matter. What was supposed to be a strategic session turned out to be a forum for picayune arguments over bureaucratic matters such as which fax machine to buy. The desire to put everything to a vote was evident at a press conference following the five-day session. Mr Yan said that after more than 100 votes, the group reached 16 decisions. He listed the area of each decision but never described its nature. Mr Yan's beginner status as the head of a demo- cratic organization in the West became even clearer when he asked the jour- nalists for comments and criticism -- not questions, as usually expected from the Western press. The press, mostly overseas Chinese, seized the op- portunity to offer opinions. Most of the voting concerned matters as benign as whether members trav- eling on business should receive $100 or $110 per diem, where to hold the next meeting (San Francisco or Los Angeles), approving as accounting method, and so on. Notably lacking was much discussion on ways to continue the movement on the mainland, although there is plenty of money -- more than $400,000 has been raised world-wide -- for various activities. One positive development was a decision to create a publication for the distribution in the People's Republic, to be developed by Su Xiaokang, the author of the now-banned "River Elegy." There also were battles over personal behavior, especially that of stu- dent leader Wuer Kaixi. According to those who attended some of the more heated sessions, there was an effort to expel him from the organization. In the end, the federation warned Mr Wuer Kaixi, who achieved world-wide cele- brity for scolding Chinese Premier Li Peng during a nationally televised meeting last May, to take care that he separates his own views from the movement's in public statements. He also will take a five-month leave of absence from his post as vice president of the federation after completing his tour of Japan and Australia. The group's supervisory committee said it found no evidence of corrup- tion by Mr Wuer Kaixi. Concern about his personal behavior has been rampant since an article in the World Journal -- a New York-based, Taiwan-financed Chinese language daily -- described an allegedly lavish life that included thousand-dollar suits and lobster dinners for friends. (The article was re- printed last month in Beijing's government-run People's Daily.) Mr Wuer Kaixi now says he will use the leave of absence to concentrate more on his studies. Professors have been warning him that unless he buck- les down he many not be allowed to continue. Other student leaders also are spending less time on political activity and more on schoolwork. The move- ment started by young students has for large part, at least in exile, been taken over by grown-up intellectuals. The few student leaders in exile say they have a lot to learn. "Just imagine if we went back to take over the government now," said Shen Tong, a 21-year-old Brandeis University student who was one of the leaders in Beij- ing University. "We don't know about democracy yet." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Developments in EE and SU: Ceausescu's "China Plan" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: IZZYQ00@OAC.UCLA.EDU Source: Associated Press, 1/4/89 By Bryan Brumley, Associated Press Writer Washington -- Executed Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu once had con- tingency plans to flee to China and direct a guerrilla war from there against anyone who tried to topple him, his former head of intelligence says. Under a secret "Plan M," the Securitate secret police were to disguise themselves as civilians, retreat to hidden bunkers and wage guerrilla war, Ion Pacepa said in a telephone interview with The Associated Press. "Ceausescu's refuge at that time was China, where he was to live there as long as need be," said Pacepa. As part of Plan M, said Pacepa, Romanian intelligence established safe houses in West Germany and two neutral countries, Austria and Switzerland, to "give Ceausescu the means to wage a guerrilla war from abroad." The safe houses were occupied by Romanian "illegals," Romanian-born agents who had documents saying they were natives of the countries in which they were living. They used "burst transmitters" to broadcast coded messages in brief transmissions that are hard for intelligence agencies to detect, he said, "there were a dozen radio stations to illegally communi- cate with the Securitate in Romania and Ceausescu in China." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Executive Editor: Sanyee Tang, tang@riscc1.scripps.edu | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- News Transmission chi@vlsi.uwaterloo.ca (or) ----------------------- --------------------- NDCadada Editor: Bo Chi chi@vlsi.waterloo.edu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sat Jan 6 12:21:55 EST 1990