[net.columbia] 51L AW&ST coverage, 10 Feb.

rjn@hpfcla.UUCP (02/15/86)

re: tidbits from Aviation Week & Space Technology, Feb. 10, 1986

Lead article: "Ruptured Solid Rocket Motor Caused Challenger Accident"

The following are answers to questions I have had since the accident, but
which have not been answered (or even asked) by the mass media.  I suspect
some of you may have been asking also.  There are also some facts I have not
heard or seen elsewhere.  None of this is direct quotes.  The abbreviations
are expanded as footnotes.

* AWST states that the ET explosion was caused by the right SRB separating
  at its lower attach point, then rotating outward.  The upper portion of
  the SRB (above the upper attach point) ruptured the ET.  The as yet
  unexplained "plume" may have caused the lower detachment, but evidently
  did NOT cause the explosion by blowtorching the ET at that point.

  Rate gyro telemetry data supports this.  Also, the right SRB was trailing
  its recovery parachute immediately following the explosion (and prior to
  destruction by the RSO), consistent with the nose cone having been knocked
  off by contact with the ET.

  Meanwhile, a TV report has it that the SRB "burned through the external
  tank and ignited the liquid oxygen". [no comment]

* These SRBs were the current seamless steel design.  The filament-wound
  cases were not planned to go into service until the first Vandenberg launch.

* At 40 sec.  into the flight, the vehicle flew through a wind shear.  Both
  SMEs and SRBs pivoted to compensate.  There was no comment on whether this
  shear was typical and/or significant.  The SRB leak was first detected by
  cameras at 59 sec.  The explosion was at 73 sec.

* There is concern about stresses on the SRBs.  The entire weight of the
  launch vehicle rests on them on the mobile launch platform.  The whole
  vehicle rocks as much as 20 inches forward and back during the time
  between SME ignition and prior to SRB ignition.  These stresses were
  designed for.

* As other posters to net.columbia and net.space have stated, NASA confirmed
  that there is no survivable way to separate from firing SRBs.  Analysis
  revealed that the orbiter would likely pivot around the umbilical
  connection aft.  This would cause structural failure of the wings due to
  the rapid increase in angle of attack and/or would cause an explosion due
  to fuel line rupture.

  The article didn't state, but this seems to presume that the SMEs would
  have to be operating; that shutting them down before an ET/SRB separation
  would have other destructive consequences.  Presumably a premature SRB sep
  would also have problems.

* Although the SRBs were destroyed by the RSO, NASA expects them to be
  sufficiently intact to provide significant data.  They also carry cameras.
  The article did not indicate whether or not the cameras would have been
  destroyed by the ordnance, nor whether the film could survive sea
  immersion after destruct.

* There was some discussion in the net.* groups about what a shuttle ride
  would be worth, and more recently about whether you'd still be willing to
  go in light of the accident.  This AWST has an article about Japanese
  reaction.  They have some payloads (and payload specialists) planned for
  the shuttle.  The specialists said they are still willing to go.

* The spares (potential fifth orbiter) program is nearly complete.  This is
  by no means a complete vehicle.  There has also been some confusion about
  the number of orbiters.  Here's the breakdown:

  Enterprise:  not spaceworthy - currently at Dulles 
  Columbia:    recently returned to operational status after mods
  Challenger:  lost
  Discovery:   operational
  Alantis:     delivered last year
  Spare parts: program (not orbiter) to complete in 1987

Wouldn't it be nice if there were NEWS on TV and radio?

Regards,                                              Hewlett-Packard
Bob Niland                                            3404 East Harmony Road
[ihnp4|hplabs]!hpfcla!rjn                             Fort Collins CO  80525

ET    External Tank
RSO   Range Safety Officer
SME   Shuttle Main Engine (on the orbiter)
SRB   Solid Rocket Booster