[misc.headlines.unitex] COUNTRY NOTES, NICARAGUA

LADBAC@UNMB.BITNET (Dr. Barbara A. Kohl) (08/28/89)

NICARAGUA: 179 PEASANTS IMPRISONED FOR COUNTER-
REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITIES RELEASED

     On Aug. 24, the Nicaraguan government released 179 
peasants imprisoned for counterrevolutionary activities, 
bringing the total number of prisoners released in the past 
two weeks to 231.  At a ceremony in Nueva Guinea, President 
Daniel Ortega said the release was "a gesture of good will."
     The action was in response to requests from the 
National Farmers' and Cattlemen's Union (UNAG), which seeks 
the release of all peasants imprisoned for 
counterrevolutionary activities.  UNAG estimates the total 
number of such prisoners at between 800 and 1,200.  The 
government has pledged to free all of them in September, 
said unidentified UNAG spokespersons cited by AFP.  (Basic 
data from AFP, Notimex, 08/24/89)

NATIONAL OPPOSITION UNION APPROVES CAMPAIGN PLATFORM

     On the evening of Aug. 24 after four days of debate, 
the 12-party National Opposition Union approved its campaign 
platform for the February elections.  Juan Gaitan, leader of 
the Socialist Party and of UNO, told Notimex that the 
opposition coalition will not seek to change what the 
revolution has accomplished in the last 10 years.  
     Gaitan said the platform includes among other things, 
trimming presidential powers, reducing the size of the army, 
and the abolition of obligatory military service.  He added, 
"We believe that the first power of the republic is the 
Legislative Assembly, where the direct representatives of 
the people are found.  The president is only the executive."
     Maintenance of a large army, said Gaitain, is not 
defensible in Nicaragua's current economic situation.
     Gaitan pointed out that if elected, the UNO plans to 
enforce a mixed economy, including state and private 
property, and the cooperative system.  "I do not recall if 
the reprivatization of state enterprises was included in the 
platform, but I believe that it would be advisable in the 
case of some that are very inefficient," he added.
     According to Gaitan, UNO delegates will now proceed to 
select their candidates for the presidency and vice 
presidency.  Notimex said that the two leading contenders 
for the presidential candidacy are apparently Enrique 
Bolanos, former president of COSEP (Superior Council of 
Private Enterprise), and Virgilio Godoy, president of the 
Independent Liberal Party.  (Basic data from Notimex, 
08/24/89)

NICARAGUA: NOTES ON HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
REPORTED BY AMERICAS WATCH

     Representatives of Americas Watch met recently with 
Nicaraguan government officials regarding allegations of a 
pattern of human rights abuses that if confirmed would 
indicate government tolerance or complicity at the highest 
levels of authority.  The charges publicly appeared in the 
April 1989 Americas Watch Bulletin, including a list of 40 
alleged cases of human rights violations.  A total of about 
80 cases were reported to the government by Americas Watch, 
most reported between mid-March and June 21.
     Americas Watch was supplied with information to 
disprove the charges and recently issued a follow-up to this 
effect.  Since the release of the April bulletin, the 
National Commission for the Promotion and Protection of 
Human Rights, Nicaragua's government agency charged with 
investigating violations, compiled the following 
information. 
     According to the Commission, the war with the contras 
has created a climate conducive to a certain number of 
isolated incidents of abuse, but there has been no pattern 
of systematic abuse or complicity by high representatives.
     In less than four months, the government provided 
responses to 32 of the charges.  The remainder continue 
under investigation to be concluded before year-end.  
Americas Watch was provided with information on 22 concluded 
investigations and on 10 others that are nearly complete.  
     Of the 22 completed cases, only six were confirmed as 
actual rights violations perpetrated by government security 
personnel.
     Four cases involved victims who died in cross-fire 
between government troops and contra forces.  
     Two cases involved persons who were found to be living, 
and quite healthy.  Allegations of abuses in these cases 
were found to be fabrications.
     Two other cases involved persons who were killed while 
attempting escapes, one from prison.  The other had been 
taken to a hospital for treatment after being wounded in 
combat, and tried to escape.
     In three cases, violations of rights occurred but the 
perpetrators were civilians, not government security forces.  
The civilians in question are currently in jail, and await 
prosecution.
     In five cases, evidence at this point is inadequate for 
either indictment or dropping the charges.  Americas Watch 
was requested to supply more information.
     [Notes: Article 23 of the Nicaraguan Constitution 
establishes that the right to life in Nicaragua is 
inviolable.  The death penalty was abolished in 1979 as one 
of the first reforms of the new government.  Nicaragua is 
one of the few nations in the hemisphere where a significant 
number--235--of former members of the Armed Forces are 
completing jail sentences for human rights violations.
     Nicaragua encourages and maintains an open door policy 
in relation to visits by internationally recognized human 
rights organizations and has consistently advocated the 
adoption of similar policies by its Central American 
neighbors.  Recently, Nicaragua presented a proposal for 
political verification of human rights by all five of the 
Central American nations as part of the regional peace 
process.
     As of Aug. 22, Americas Watch, Amnesty International 
and the International Red Cross were formally invited to 
make a head count in Nicaraguan prisons, and have been given 
access to the State Security Detention Centers.]  (Basic 
data from 08/24/89 report by Agendas International, New 
York, NY)

NICARAGUAN CONTRAS DISCHARGE FIVE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES; 
CHIEF REP IN WASHINGTON FIRED FOR EMBEZZLEMENT

     On Aug. 24 in Washington, contra spokesperson Bosco 
Matamoros said a "contra appellate tribunal" in Honduras 
dishonorably discharged five contras who were convicted in 
March of the torture and murder of a prisoner and of several 
rapes committed in northern Nicaragua in late 1988.  Another 
contra commander was cleared of similar charges.
     The source said that in a separate action, Ernesto 
Palazio, chief contra representative in Washington, was 
fired for embezzling hundreds of t-housands of dollars of 
contra funds.  
     Copies of the contra tribunal's decision furnished to 
the press said commander Isaac Blacker Hurtado, nicknamed 
Israelita, had the "premeditated intention" of murdering 
alleged Sandinista spy "Managua-2" in November 1988.  
Matamoros said he did not know the exact circumstances of 
the alleged spy's death, but said he was supposedly tortured 
and drowned.  (Basic data from AFP, 08/24/89)

NICARAGUA: EIGHT CONTRA LEADERS RETURN TO NICARAGUA FRIDAY

     At a press conference in San Jose, Costa Rica, on Aug. 
23, eight contra leaders said they would return to Nicaragua 
on Aug. 25.  One of the eight, Roberto Ferrey, said he and 
the others were willing to accept the Aug. 7 regional 
accords on contra demobilization.  
     Guatemalan President Vinicio Cerezo reportedly provided 
the plane for the contras' return trip.  (Basic data from 
Notimex, 08/23/89)

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