delius%gn@cdp.uucp (10/22/89)
T-RANSATLANTIC
P-EACE
N-EWSLETTER
ISSUE 6 / OCTOBER 1989
Editor: Dr Burkhard Luber / Foundation "die schwelle"
Address: Heidland 9, 2802 Fischerhude, FR Germany
Phone: (49+)-4293-1264 or (49+)-4293-1265
Fax: (49+)-4293-1337
Electronic mail: PeaceNet/GreenNet = gn%delius@cdp.uucp
TPN online: PeaceNet/GreenNet = Conference: gn.transatlan
The TPN is published several times a year and can be subscribed
free of charge. It is not copyright protected. Please quote the
TPN as source, refer to its address and the free subscription
possibility and send us a copy of the reprint.
In this Issue:
Disarmament Section:
Estonians to complete training nearer home #6D01
West Germany assists in rainforest destruction #6D02
Diminution of West German exercises #6D03
Implementation of Soviet disarmament steps #6D04
SPD: NATO troops deployment criticized #6D05
Friedensgutachten ("Peace Opinion") 1989 #6D06
West German Admiral: 200,000 West German soldiers enough #6D07
New USAF low level flight at night #6D08
USAF justifications for low level flying in West Germany #6D09
Denmark: Zero growth defence #6D10
Peace Work Section:
Women's library in East Germany #6P01
Shell Corporation criticised #6P02
Conscientious objection = unemployment? #6P03
West German peace movement in crisis? #6P04
British Peace Activists Acquitted #6P05
Military strategy and peace movement in Spain #6P06
International environment data base in Moscow #6P07
Yugoslavia: Armed service possible without weapons #6P08
Soviet and Polish study in non-violence #6P09
Bremen: No interest for army public relations officer #6P10
Soviet, Hungarian military unions planned #6P11
German-German peace march #6P12
Church Section:
Witness to Peace #6C01
"Dialogues on Religion and Peace" #6C02
East German churchmen call for reforms #6C03
Bishop: More Courage in East Germany #6C04
DISARMAMENT SECTION
Estonians to complete training nearer home
Some Estonian conscripts are to be allowed to complete their mi-
litary service in the Baltic Military District following an
agreement between the Chairman of the Presidium of the Estonian
Supreme Soviet and the Soviet Defence Minister. According to this
agreement young Estonian men with dependents will serve within
the Baltic military district, the others will serve in the same
climatic zone as Estonia. These concessions are in contrast to
the normal Soviet policy of posting conscripts away from their
home districts and may be in response to calls for more Estonian
autonomy. Another Gentleman's agreement between the Estonian Re-
public and the Soviet Defence Minister is in respect of young
men about to enter higher education. These men can take e6zrance
exams and only if they failed will be called up to military ser-
vice.
Source: Jane's Defence Weekly, August, 26, 1989, page 353
#6D01
West Germany assists in rainforest destruction
The West German government funds the construction of a highway
right into the tropical forest in the Peten region in Guatemala
with 60 million Dollars. Especially the Guatemalan military
seems to have a particular interest in this highway since it
enables it to fight better the Guatemalan opposition groups
which are hiding in this region so far not accessible for the
Guatemalan armed forces.
Source: Frankfurter Rundschau, September 9, 89, page 18
#6D02
Diminution of West German exercises
The autumn exercise of the West German army in last September was
the one with the least number of West German soldiers since 1979.
The exercise was held according to a new concept of military
exercises valid for the 90ies. The number of exercising forces
was 60000 soldiers in the last years. This year the number fell
to 39000. Only for three days all soldiers including artillery
and tanks participated. During the remaining period only milita-
ry headquarters, line officers and signal units are involved.
The new exercise concept plans to have exercises with troop move-
ments in the open field only up to a limit of 2000 soldiers. All
other exercises will be planned as so-called "frame exercises"
with only special units.
Source: Frankfurter Rundschau, September 11, 1989, page 4
#6D03
Implementation of Soviet disarmament steps
In briefings before West German congress men a Soviet colonel ga-
ve details how the unilateral disarmament steps are implemented
in the Soviet Union. Those parts of tanks which cannot longer
be used in other way in the economy will be scrapped. Guns are
melted down. Colonel Rasorjonow referred to the technical diffi-
culties for the Soviet Union, if the disarmament talks at Vien-
na will come to the intended results. The Soviet Union then
would have to disarm 40000 tanks and looks out for technical
know-how, since it does not exist any experience with de-
struction of such a huge number of weapons.
Source: Frankfurter Rundschau, September 9, 1989 #6D04
SPD: NATO troops deployment criticized
The leader of West Germany's opposition Social Democrats has gi-
ven notice that the complex issue of his country's qualified so-
vereignty - particularly over other NATO troops on its soil -
will be an election issue at the end of 1990. In an interview
with the German Press Agency, Mr Hans-Jochen Vogel said that, 45
years after the end of the war, it was time Bonn had full equali-
ty in the Western Alliance. And for the first time the SPD lea-
der did not rule out terminating the Status of Forces Agreement,
which governs the conduct of NATO forces in West Germany, if
agreement was not reached in negotiation. He stressed, however,
this would be a "last resort". Because a peace treaty was never
signed between West Germany and the countries which subsequently
became its NATO allies, the precise power relation between al-
lied troops and the West German government is often vague. Most
of the powers that the allies continue to retain over Germany
are either trivial or theoretical but on some issues, such as
control of low-flying, they can still cause controversy. Mr Vo-
gel said "fossils" from the days of occupation should be removed
"by mutual agreement" and allied troops would clearly have to ob-
serve German law as the Bundeswehr does. His views would
probably be supported by many members of the centreright govern-
ment and would certainly get the backing of the Greens - poten-
tial future coalition partners.
Source: Financial Times, July 25, 1989 #6D05
Friedensgutachten ("Peace Opinion") 1989
The three leading Peace Research Institutes in West Germany have
published their annual Peace Opinion. This year the researchers
urge the politicians to proceed with the present disarmament
talks towards a status of common security in which war will no
longer be possible in Europe. The researchers also recommend the
service of West German soldiers within the United Nation peace
keeping forces. They emphazised the necessity, that the West
German Federal government should make much more restrictive regu-
lations for West German arms exports. In a special essay the di-
rector of the Hamburg Peace Research Institute and prominent ex-
pert for disarmament in the Social Democratic Party, Egon Bahr,
states his opinion, that the nuclear forces of France would be
a sufficient nuclear deterrence force for Western Europe.
Contact: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Lei-
menrode 29, 6000 Frankfurt 1, West Germany. #6D06
West German Admiral: 200,000 West German soldiers enough
Admiral Schmaehling from the West German Navy has questioned the
necessity of the present number of 500,000 soldiers in the West
German army. Schmaehling critizised the traditional military
doctrin of the West German army which still prepares to counter
a surprise attack from the East. According to the admiral the im-
portant aspect of West German defence is not the number of sol-
diers sitting in barracks but how many soldiers are actually
ready to fight in military units. Schmaehling proposes the pos-
sible reduction in two phases. In phase 1 he calculates with
300000 soldiers mostly deployed in areas where they had to fight
in case of war. In phase 2 which would last till the year 2000
another contingent of 100000 soldiers could be economized by mo-
re automatisation of weapons.
The spokesman of the West German Department of Defense categori-
zed the statement of admiral Schmaehling as "private and non-of-
ficial".
Sources: Sueddeutsche Zeitung, July 31, 1989 and Weser-Kurier Au-
gust 1, 1989 #6D07
New USAF low level flight at night
The US Air Force now introduces its new "Low altitude navigation
and tageting infrared system for night". Its aim is the improve-
ment of offensive low level flying in bad visibility and at
night, which is mostly relevant for Europe. The military had put
considerable emphasis on that system; it is among the 25 hig-
hest funded projects of the United States Department of Defense.
The LANTIRN system has a navigation pod with an infrared sensor
for start, landing and checking the earth profile during flying
and a radar for low level flight. The other tageting pod has ano-
ther infrared sensor for precise taget identification and a la-
ser system for laser guided weapons.
The parameters of LANTIRN are remarkable: it is constructed to
operate in low altitude between 200 and 900 feet and with the
speed of 800 km/h, whereas the low level regulations of NATO al-
low only 720 km/h for low level flights at night. Though the sy-
stem has great importance for Europe there is also some concern
among environment groups in the USA against the system since US
military have recently admitted that LANTIRN means in fact an in-
crease of low fast night flying. Indeed 50% of all test flights
with LANTIRN have been carried out at night.
The US Air Force will equip all their new F-15E planes and
parts of their F-16 fighters with the LANTIRN system. Both air-
planes are also either already deployed in West Germany (as the
F-16) or are scheduled for new deployment (as for the F-15E
which is however subject to further fund decreases). Burkhard Lu-
ber has recently detected that a new LANTIRN maintenance facility
is planned by the US at the West German US Air Base of Hahn ac-
cording to the recent edition of the military construction hea-
rings of the US congress for fiscal year 1990. The MilCon paper
introduces LANTIRN as "new mission" and refers to its ready ac-
cessibility for deployment in wartime: The design phase of this
project was finished in mid April and the construction start is
scheduled for November 1989. Luber disclosed his findings in a
mass media conference in early September, which lead to a couple
of newspaper articles about this problem of increasing low le-
vel flying at night in West Germany.
Contact: Burkhard Luber, Heidland 9, 2802 Fischerhude/West-Ger-
many #6D08
USAF justifications for low level flying in West Germany
Military low level flights are meeting increasing concern of the
West German population. Not only after catastrophies like the
one at Ramstein or other plane crashes more and more citizen
are no longer willing to pay the "Price for freedom" as the ju-
stifying slogan of the Air Force for Low level flying is. Now
the US Air Force has written a new data book "Low level flying
training in the Federal Republic of Germany" in December 1988.
Only after a freedom of information act inquiry by Malcolm Spa-
ven, University of Scotland, it was possible to evaluate this da-
ta book from side of peace researchers. Burkhard Luber has trans-
lated and analyzed this data book for law makers at the Mainz
congress. For the first time the USAF has collected a lot of da-
ta of its low level flight practise in Central Europe. In spite
of the growing resistance against low level flying the military
states as optimal altitude for low level flights the range bet-
ween 100 and 300 feet. Below and above that range either ground
collision or shot down from the enemy are major dangers for the
airplanes.
Especially interesting is the reference of the USAF to the com-
pulsion to train low level flying in small regular time inter-
vals, since already a break of more than five days badly affects
the mission capability of the airplane crews. This reveals the
vicious circle between military constraint (= continues trai-
ning; otherwise the presence of air crews does not make any sen-
ce) and the bad environment effects (noice and air pollution).
The adherence of the USAF to low level flights is also not un-
derstandable under strategic aspects: the offensive possibili-
ties of military low level flying does not suit into the present
disarmament tendencies and for the aim to shoot down invading
hostile airplanes there are meanwhile better and more efficient
military technologies on the market which allow to shoot down
air-planes from a much higher altitude.
Contact: Burkhard Luber, Heidland 9, 2802 Fischerhude/West-Ger-
many #6D09
Denmark: Zero growth defence
In March Denmark's coalition government agreed a zero growth de-
fence budget for the period 1989-91. Equipment procurement will
be subsidised by closing and amalgamating training and support
establishments. An all-party defence commission will propose a
future force structure in December.
Source: Jane's Defence Weekly, May 13, 1989 #6D10
PEACE WORK SECTION
Women's library in East Germany
The first women's library in East Germany is planned for East
Berlin. Corresponding to the already existing environment libra-
ries in East Germany the organizing women plan a meeting place
with library, information files and a coffee-house, for discus-
sion events, exhibitions and performances. The already existing
basic stockpile for the library, consisting of 500 books, magazi-
nes and copied documents, especially about the situation of wo-
men in East Germany, is currently stored in a private home. So
far no institution has made a positive offer to host the women-
's library. The "Democratic Women Council of Germany" (govern-
ment) commented that there is no social need for such an institu-
tion. Also church parishes of East-Berlin are so far not willing
to give rooms for the library.
Source: Publik-Forum, September 8/1989, page 9 #6P01
Shell Corporation criticized
The campaign "Shell fills up Apartheid" calls for a boycott of
this multinational corporation. Shell is the largest supplier of
energy for South Africa including supplies to the South African
Military. The critisism against the oil corporation which is also
assisted from the World Council of Churches has a special good
feed-back in the Netherlands and now concentrates on West Germa-
ny.
Source: Publik Forum, September 8, 1989, Seite 9
#6P02
Conscientious objection = unemployment?
Increasingly West German corporations take the army service as
criterion for employing young men, thus disfavoring conscien-
tious objectors. BMW manager Franz Koehler recently emphasized
the importance of army service: "Who objects to take over respon-
sibility for our society which allows prosperity can also not ta-
ke over responsibility in serving the corporation and his peo-
ple." A corporation in Southern Germany rejected an applicant
with a sentence: "For general reason we accept only applicants
who have served in the army."
Source: Mediatus, 9/1989, page 19 #6P03
West German peace movement in crisis?
The editor of "Publik Forum" writes about the recent decreasing
motivation within the West German peace movement (excerpts):
Most of the peace activists have retreated to the spectators'
ranks just waiting for the presence of peace. So it is not asto-
nishing that the "Coordination commitee" of the West German pea-
ce movement, in former years famous for organizing mass demon-
strations, is in a crisis, after "Action for Reconciliation" and
the Green Party representatives have stoped their membership.
The time of mass demonstrations and central coordinations seems
to be gone. Now thousands of peace initiatives are acting local-
ly with topics around the items of "justice, peace and integrity
of creation". At the protestant "Kirchentag" in West Berlin this
year only 4000 participants came to a peace demonstration. 1981
in Hamburg 80000 came. The old Anti-Missile-Peace Movement seems
to have been disappeared. The new peace movement lives with ma-
ny variations and improvisations.
Source: Publik Forum July 21, 1989, page 2 #6P04
British Peace Activists Acquitted
Two British peace campaigners, charged with criminal damage at a
US Air Force Base in Great Britain were acquitted early this year
on grounds of lawful excuse. Barbara Eggleston, secretary of the
Christian Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and Richard Finn, a
Dominican from Oxford, had been arrested last fall for painting
the words "Father Forgive" on the roadway outside the base. In
court they admitted the action but argued that they were acting
reasonably to prevent the crime of genocide.
Source: PMS/March 1989; Church and Peace 1/1989, page 32
#6P05
Military strategy and peace movement in Spain
NATO, and especially the US, seems intent upon strengthening its
Southern flank. The main foci of the Spanish peace movement are
the anti-NATO movement and the campaign to get US troops and ba-
ses out. In a 1986 referendum Spanish voters elected to stick to
Spain's new NATO membership, on three conditions: If the govern-
ment did not allow nuclear weapons to be introduced or installed
in Spain, if there was a progressive reduction in US troops and
if Spain did not join NATO's integrated military structure. But
the recent US/Spanish agreement, concluded in December 1988, re-
newed the two countries military cooperation. There are four ma-
jor US military bases in Spain and several communication facili-
ties serving the US Navy and Air Force. These bases have been
the meeting places for demonstrations of the Spanish peace move-
ment. Spain is also still involved militarily with former North
African colonies, having deployed 10000 Spanish troops in Moroc-
co which is in war with the Democratic Republic of West Sahara.
- Spanish weapons exports to the Third World is another focus
of the Spanish peace movement. Egypt and Iran are the most impor-
tant countries for the Spanish armaments industry. Spain sold
300000 bombs to Iran during the Golf war. Spanish arms sales to
Latin America especially Chile have also been extensive.
Source: International Disarmament Campaigns, August 1989, page 2
#6P06
International environment data base in Moscow
The environment organisation Robin Wood and the West German "En-
vironment institute" have signed a paper to establish a private
West German - Soviet environment data base. Partners on Soviet
side are an institute from the "Academy for Sciences of the So-
viet Union" and the Soviet environment group "Green movement".
Source: Sueddeutsche Zeitung May 27, 1989 #6P07
Yugoslavia: Armed service possible without weapons
The Yugoslavian parlament has decided to change the military ser-
vice regulations so that conscientious objecters can serve in
the army without bearing weapons. Conscientious objectors now
have to serve in uniform but without weapons for two years in-
stead ofz4yH_Omal one year compulsory service. So far Yogusla-
viar conscientious objectors had been sentenced with longer im-
prisonment.
Source: Junge Kirche, edition 6/1989, page 400 #6P08
Soviet and Polish study in non-violence
The Soviet and the Polish Institute of Philosophy/Ethics and
their respective Academies of Science have chosen for their pre-
sent five-years' plan the topic of NON-VIOLENCE.
Source: Jean and Hildegard Goss-Mayr, International Fellowship
of Reconciliation #6P09
Bremen: No interest for army public relations officer
Captain Biffar is fustrated. His task tou7sorm young people
about the importance of the West German army faces more and more
difficulties. In spite of writing a lot of circular letters in
order to make presentations during social studies lessons at Bre-
men schools only a small minority of teachers have invited the
ca
ptain. The teachers themselves have the right to invite public
relations officer into their forms or not. So captain Biffar did
only reach 700 out of 10000 pupils during the last six months.
In Senior High School forms the topics of the debate are: What
about a deterrence defence which will destruct a country in a
war? What is the meaning of having armed forces all together?
What are the alternatives? Elementary school boys raise more
practical questions like details of how to get jobs in the army.
The information policy of the Bremen department of education is
to prefer a pluralistic informing and teaching. The department
itself is editing teaching materials for the topic of peace edu-
cation which are partly funded by the schwelle foundation.
Source: Weser-Kurier, April 18, 1989, page 11 #6P10
Soviet, Hungarian military unions planned
Soviet and Hungarian conscripts are planning to set up a trade
union, according to a report from the Dutch conscription associa-
tion. The plan is based on the Dutch organisation, formed in
1966 to negotiate with the military leadership for conscripts'
right. Contact was established between the groups on the fringes
of last week's European conference of conscripts' organisations
in Helsinki, Finland.
Source: Jane's Defense Weekly, August 19, 1989 #6P11
German-German peace march
Twenty members of the West and East German branch of the peace
work organisation "Action for Reconciliation" made a peace march
in early August from the concentration camp memorial Buchenwald
near Weimar/East Germany to the former concentration camp Dachau
near Munich/West Germany. The pilgrimage way is mostly correspon-
ding to the march of 3000 concentration camp prisoners from Bu-
chenwald to Dachau, mostly Jews, in April 1945, in which many of
them were killed or died because of starvation. That is the
first time that authorities of East Germany have given permis-
sion to such a German-German crossing of the boundary. Also East-
German newspapers reported about this event.
Source: Sueddeutsche Zeitung, July 31, 1989 and Frankfurter Rund-
schau #6P12
CHURCH SECTION
Witness to Peace
A Minority Declaration from the Basel meeting
We as members of the Historic Peace Churches (Mennonites, Qua-
kers, Church of the Brethren) have repeatedly been invited since
Nairobi 1975 to bring our conviction into the ecumenical dialo-
gue on peace and justice.
We are grateful for the enriching encounter in this assembly.
From our living tradition we feel moved to make the following
statement and to invite others to join us in committing oursel-
ves to it. We submit this minority opinion in order to express
our view that the assembly-document does not fully represent our
understanding of the peace-testimony.
The basis of our Christian pacifism is our understanding that God
truly loves us and thus renounces all violence. Jesus calls us to
follow him by unconditionally loving our neighbours, even our
enemies, as ourselves. "Blessed be the peace-makers", Jesus
said.
Through God's Spirit new possiblities for peace-making are opened
again and again, if only we allow ourselves to be instruments of
God's Peace.
We say yes to "That of God" in every person and commit ourselves
to nonviolent service for peace, reconciliation, justice and the
integrity of creation.
We say no to every training and use of violence through military
service and in other forms. We commit ourselves to conscientious
objection as a witness which follows the gospel and to develop
peace service structures which support this decision. Peace-ma-
king should be a ministry of the church.
We call upon the churches to support those who work for the re-
cognition of the right to conscientious objection to paying ta-
xes for military purposes. We ask the churches to extend their
pastoral care to those who refuse these payments.
We feel the time has come for the churches to renounce the theory
of just war and embrace the practice of just peace. The spirit,
logic and practice of deterrence is incompatible with Christian
discipleship. In the light of God's love it is a scandal and a
crime to develop, produce, possess, threaten with, or even to use
weapons of mass-destruction (nuclear, chemical, bacteriological
and numerous conventional arms).
As Churches in Europe we should welcome the opportunities offered
by the present political situation to continue the process of de-
tente and disarmament. The progress made through the INF-Treaty
and other steps, as well as through the growing understanding
between the peoples of Europe should not be lost through compen-
sation measures which are masked in the form of modernisation.
Instead the time has come to reduce military spending.
As Christians in Europe and other parts of the world we commit
ourselves never to participate in warfare again.
#6C01
"Dialogues on Religion and Peace"
This is the headline of the recent issue of the Swedish "Life &
Peace Review" which contains essays on "Socially engaged Budd-
hism", "Hinduism and the Holistic understanding of peace" and
"Islam and the struggle against apartheid".
Source: Life & Peace Institute, Box 297, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden,
phone: 018-169500 #6C02
East German churchmen call for reforms
Bishop Werner Leich, chairman of the East German Protestant
Church Federation, told a synod in Eisenach recently that the
present "tutelary" relationship between the state and population
must be changed to one of partnership. He spoke in favour of far-
reaching economic reforms and welcomed the founding of new oppo-
sition groups. Bishop Gottfried Forck of the Protestant Church
in Berlin-Brandenburg criticised the undemocratic municipal elec-
tions held last May and called for a 'transparent' election law
in remarks to the synod.
Source: Financial Times, September 19, 1989 #6C03
Bishop: More Courage in East Germany
(from an 'Frankfurter Rundschau' article)
The evangelical Bishop of the Church District of Sachsen,
Christoph Demke, has called for the dismantling of the torpidity
in East Germany has brought about a situation in which 'tranqui-
lity is seen as the greatest good'. At the same time, the real
danger that rash developments could lead to radical upheaval
should not be ignored. Such developments could even endanger pea-
ce. This center path is the path East Germany should follow, if
it is to find a place, together with West Germany, in a newly
structured Europe. This is the message sent by the Bishop in a
letter to all pastors in his Church District.
When travelling abroad, it was embarrassing to see 'how others
rack their brains over our future because we do not solve our
problems alone, but even deny them in public', he goes on, ma-
king a clear allusion to the position in the Hungarian refugee
camps. What is needed in East Germany is conversation. Silence
and resignation would only bring about mistrust, enemy pictures
would harden, and people would be mislead by illusions.
In his letter Demke lists a number of points demonstrating how
the situation as it stands can no longer continue in East Germa-
ny. The crass contradiction between the published reality and
the everyday experiences of the people must stop.: 'We need the
courage to face the uncomfortable truth, for those in power and
those being governed, withour fearing the malicious joy of fo-
reign observers, without fear of the unfavourable light one
would be seen in by 'those at the top'. Without this courage to
face the truth to grow between those governing and those being
governed.'
The attitude adopted by the state organ to its citizens, where
guaranteed rights were considered to be a reward or gift from the
state, could no longer continue. East Germany was close to 'suf-
focating on its authorization system'. What is required is more
security of rights for individuals, since trust in the legal bo-
dies had been 'damaged too often' in the past 40 years. The in-
clination of the state organ 'to treat with suspicion any unplan-
ned initiatives, and to impute special observance to the securi-
ty bodies' also had to stop.
The method of handling errors in East Germany must also change.
'The claim, always to be right, turns any admission of error into
a full-scale catastrophe' says Demke, clearly referring to the
socialist state party. But lessons could be learned from mista-
kes. He certainly hoped that many of those who were at present
over-hastily leaving East Germany would one day return.
In Demke's view, much of life in East Germany should remain, but
ought to be tackled in a different way than up to now: For exam-
ple, the social security of fundamental requirements of life
should be upheld, the opportunity of work, of a place to live
and medical care for everyone. But if this was made by a policy
of subsidies, the limit had been reached, writes Demke. The more
open East Germany becomes, the more differently questions of so-
cial security had to be handled. This was a precondition for
East Germany receiving a convertable currency, that water would
not be wasted, and that 'bread was not fed in place of corn'.
The responsibility for the upholding of peace must remain para-
mount in the foreign policy of East Germany. Both German states
could lend impulse, particularly in the area of conventional
disarmament. However, peace and internal rights must go hand in
hand if trust is to grow. It was necessary to extend the rights
of the citizens and to secure these rights.
The obligation of East Germany against fachism should also re-
main. But in the face of a reawakened national consciousness eve-
rywhere, and in the face of the way some youth were fascinated
with the ideas of strength and violence, more was required than
simply the 'suppression by force of such movements'.
The fundamental socialist concern for sharing the burdens and
fruits of work should also remain unchanged in East Germany. But
individual responsibility - free market economy fuels such
strength and energy - should also be accomodated in East Germany
and be able to spread in an economic sense.
Source: Frankfurter Rundschau, September 7, 1989 #6C04
---
Patt Haring | United Nations | Screen Gems in
patth@sci.ccny.cuny.edu | Information | misc.headlines.unitex
patth@ccnysci.BITNET | Transfer Exchange |
-=- Every child smiles in the same language. -=-