[soc.religion.christian] Sexism in the church

cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz (05/05/91)

>In article <Apr.28.18.37.27.1991.20418@athos.rutgers.edu>, mls@sfsup.att.com (Mike Siemon) writes:
[snip]
>Now if a woman says that she feels she has been called to the preaching
>ministry, I think there are valid reasons to say that she has not.  The Lord
>does not contradict himself; and God's Word is particularly clear on this 
>point: a woman should learn in quietness and full submission, and not act
>as a man's master-teacher.  (1 Timothy 2:11,12).  If a woman claims to have
>been called to the preaching ministry, then first of all she claims to have
>a new revelation that contradicts the revelation we already have.  We should
>reject her as a false spirit, as would the Bereans.
[snip]

Well, maybe the Lord doesn't contradict Himself but that doesn't mean
the Bible is always totally consistent. Pauls' teaching here is quite
different to the teaching of Jesus about women, the Old Testament teaching,
and whats more its is also different to other things that Paul says.
(assuming, of course, that we take it at face value.)
What about the place were Paul says that in Christ there is neither 
Jew or Greek, slave or free, male or female. There has been enough
written about the circumstances of the time that it is not very difficult
to find out some of the opinions about the underlying problem which
motivated Paul to write this letter. In reading Pauls' letters it is
a bit like listening to a person talking on the phone. There is
someone on the other end talking who we cann't hear and we can 
easily get the wrong idea about what was being said. Paul was writting
to real people with specific needs in a specific culture at a definite
point in time. Without understanding who these people were and what their
needs were which motivated Paul to write to them we fall into the trap
so well illustrated above where a verse or two are ripped out of context,
(both in the literary and cultural sense) taken to be the absolute divine
revelation for all mankind for eternity and used to bludgeon people into
submission. 

A friend of mine who teaches at a Bible College told me that a good
way to understand the place of women in the church is to start
with the teaching of Jesus, study that, then go back into the
Old Testament, particularly in Genesis, (the Hebrew makes a few things
clearer in Gen 2 about the place of women which I have not seen in
any English translation so others may not be in the fortunate 
position my friend was in) and then finally come to the teaching of Paul.
The mistake so many people make is that they start and finish at the
teaching of Paul and ignore the rest of the scriptures which they
claim they believe. A bad case of ``Paul''-ianity and not ``Christ''-ianity.

In the church which I attend, which is very much a fundamentalist
Pentecostal church, we practice a glaring double standard with 
respect to women's ministry. Women are allowed to do just about 
everything such as lead worship, lead home groups, conduct Bible studies,
gives testimonies and so on and so forth. But there are three
things which are absolutely prohibited.
(1) They are not allowed to preach in the Sunday meetings.
(2) They cannot hold the office of elder.
(3) They cannot hold the office of pastor.
I personally cannot see the difference between teaching from the
Bible in a home group (a church in my opinion) and teaching in the
Sunday meetings. In fact women are even allowed to be missionaries and
go to other cultures and preach the gospel, and teach and train and
instruct the believers in other countries because, it is claimed, that
this is not specifically forbidden. They are even allowed to teach
from the Bible in our Bible Colleges with male students in their
classes, because this is not ``in church'' where such speaking would
not be tolerated.

There was an article in one of the Christian newspapers here which
either had as its title or maybe a subtitle ``A Woman is worse than
nothing.'' In which  the true story of a woman who had been a missionary
for some years, and with high theological qualitications offered herself
for the office of elder in her home church when there was a vacancy
on the eldership. She was refused because she was a woman. The office
remained vacant and short time later a second eldership became vacant
and she again offered herself but was refused. No man was willing to
take the office and so the two elderships remained vacant because a woman
was worse than nothing. 

Do people actually realize what they are saying when they deny women
the right to preach? Are women so grossly inferior to men that they
can't teach truth from the word of God?  To those who think women should
be excluded from pulpit ministry I have a question, what is the reason
women should be excluded from this ministry? Apart from the old ``Paul
says so'' argument I don't understand why they should be excluded.

Bill Rea
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Bill Rea, University of Canterbury, | E-Mail   b.rea@csc.canterbury.ac.nz |
| Christchurch, New Zealand           | Phone (03)-642-331 Fax (03)-642-999 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

[The claim, of course, is not that they are "worse" than men, but that
each sex has a specific role, and that women's role does not include
certain kinds of church office.  --clh]

mls@sfsup.att.com (Mike Siemon) (05/07/91)

In article <May.4.23.36.07.1991.22392@athos.rutgers.edu>, cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz writes:
> >In article <Apr.28.18.37.27.1991.20418@athos.rutgers.edu>, mls@sfsup.att.com (Mike Siemon) writes:
> [snip]
> >Now if a woman says that she feels she has been called to the preaching
> >ministry, I think there are valid reasons to say that she has not.  The Lord

Please take some care in editing included material.  Those who have been
following this thread probably realize that the "Now if a woman says ..."
was written by Ake Eldberg, and I was quoting it to take exception, as is
the current note from Bill Rea.

Note that I am entirely in favor of women's ordination to the priesthood,
as well as to the less sacerdotal orders of more Protestant churches than
my own, Anglican, one.  There is no scriptural "manual for ordination,"
with rubrics about qualifications.  Epistolary mention of deacons and
presbyters and episcopes requires some rather "creative" interpretation
to come up with any of our current schemes, and reliance on tradition can
take one only so far, particularly where traditional exclusion has no base
in the gospel.
-- 
Michael L. Siemon		I say "You are gods, sons of the
m.siemon@ATT.COM		Most High, all of you; nevertheless
...!att!attunix!mls		you shall die like men, and fall
standard disclaimer		like any prince."   Psalm 82:6-7

math1h3@jetson.uh.edu (05/07/91)

In article <May.4.23.36.07.1991.22392@athos.rutgers.edu>, cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz writes:
>>In article <Apr.28.18.37.27.1991.20418@athos.rutgers.edu>, mls@sfsup.att.com (Mike Siemon) writes:
> [snip]
>>Now if a woman says that she feels she has been called to the preaching
>>ministry, I think there are valid reasons to say that she has not.  The Lord
>>does not contradict himself; and God's Word is particularly clear on this 
>>point: a woman should learn in quietness and full submission, and not act
>>as a man's master-teacher.  (1 Timothy 2:11,12).  If a woman claims to have
>>been called to the preaching ministry, then first of all she claims to have
>>a new revelation that contradicts the revelation we already have.  We should
>>reject her as a false spirit, as would the Bereans.
> [snip]

First of all, those are my words and not Michael Siemon's.  Hang around the
net a while and you'll know the difference without our signatures.  :-)
 
> Well, maybe the Lord doesn't contradict Himself but that doesn't mean
> the Bible is always totally consistent. 

I can understand how you might believe that, but I believe that the Bible
is verbally inspired by God.  That means it says what God wants it to say,
albeit in the words of a number of different human authors.  So Paul's
words, for me, are God's Words.  Otherwise we have to start picking and
choosing what is God's Word, and while some think they can do that, I 
don't.

> Pauls' teaching here is quite
> different to the teaching of Jesus about women, the Old Testament teaching,
> and whats more its is also different to other things that Paul says.
> (assuming, of course, that we take it at face value.)

You might explain to us what Jesus taught about women that was incompatible
with Paul's teachings.  I don't find Jesus setting up women as teachers of men
or choosing them as apostles.  At the wedding at Cana he quite distinctly
put his mother in her place.

> What about the place were Paul says that in Christ there is neither 
> Jew or Greek, slave or free, male or female. 

Our moderator has already answered this one (which always comes up):  men
and women have equal status before God, they have equal value, and are equally 
saved by Christ.  This does not mean that their God-pleasing roles cannot
be different.  Paul also wrote, "We have different gifts, according to the
grace given us..."
 
> A friend of mine who teaches at a Bible College told me that a good
> way to understand the place of women in the church is to start
> with the teaching of Jesus, study that, then go back into the
> Old Testament, particularly in Genesis, (the Hebrew makes a few things
> clearer in Gen 2 about the place of women which I have not seen in
> any English translation so others may not be in the fortunate 
> position my friend was in) and then finally come to the teaching of Paul.
> The mistake so many people make is that they start and finish at the
> teaching of Paul and ignore the rest of the scriptures which they
> claim they believe. A bad case of ``Paul''-ianity and not ``Christ''-ianity.

But if I treat the canonical scriptures as inspired, then I have to
accept Paul's interpretation of Genesis in 1 Timothy 2:11-15!  And
for Christians the real question is not what can a woman do vs. what
can't she do.  It is a question of how we interpret scripture.  Do we
treat it as verbally inspired or just occasionally inspirational?

> In the church which I attend, which is very much a fundamentalist
> Pentecostal church, we practice a glaring double standard with 
> respect to women's ministry. Women are allowed to do just about 
> everything such as lead worship, lead home groups, conduct Bible studies,
> gives testimonies and so on and so forth. But there are three
> things which are absolutely prohibited.
> (1) They are not allowed to preach in the Sunday meetings.
> (2) They cannot hold the office of elder.
> (3) They cannot hold the office of pastor.
[deletions]
> They are even allowed to teach
> from the Bible in our Bible Colleges with male students in their
> classes, because this is not ``in church'' where such speaking would
> not be tolerated.

But they are trying to submit to God's will revealed in the Scriptures.
You are basically complaining that they are not being consistent.  My
church has some problems in this regard too.  We don't allow a woman to
be a pastor, hold a congregational office, or vote in the Voter's Assembly
of a congregation.  Women do serve as teachers in various levels of schools.
You would probably find us more consistent than your church in this regard.
Would you like it any better?  I don't know!

Our Council of (District) Presidents has decided that church-related
organizations may choose to allow women to vote, so long as the organization
upholds the Scriptural principle of male headship and female submission
(1 Cor 14:34, 1 Tim 2:11). Frankly, I think they stepped on a pretty 
slippery banana peel on that one, but the basic idea is this:

Scripture teaches various things, just one of which is that women should 
be 'in submission' and should not 'exercise authority over men'.  This is
based on the facts of the creation story (as interpreted by Paul).  The basic
principle, based upon God's creation, is eternal.  The application of the
principle is made by the church in witness to God's truth at a particular
place and time.  Such application may change from time to time.  But when
we concentrate on rules, especially rules made by the church, then we
are in danger of legalism.

The clearest application one can make of this principle is that a wife
should submit to her husband: 'wives, submit to your husbands, as to 
the Lord,... husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church, etc.'
Secondly, it is very clear from 1 Tim 2:12 that a woman should not exercise
autority over a man as a man's master-teacher.  The best translation of
this notion to modern practice is the pastor of a church.

How this applies to voting, holding office, etc., is hard to work out,
except that the practice we have is compatible with this principle 
of male headship, and female submission.  I can't say there is no reason for 
our current practice, but I can't say it is compelled by Scripture either.

David H. Wagner
a confessional Lutheran.

cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz (05/11/91)

>>>In article <Apr.28.18.37.27.1991.20418@athos.rutgers.edu>, mls@sfsup.att.com (Mike Siemon) writes:
>> [snip]
>>>Now if a woman says that she feels she has been called to the preaching
>>>ministry, I think there are valid reasons to say that she has not.  The Lord
>>>does not contradict himself; and God's Word is particularly clear on this 
>>>point: a woman should learn in quietness and full submission, and not act
>>>as a man's master-teacher.  (1 Timothy 2:11,12).  If a woman claims to have
>>>been called to the preaching ministry, then first of all she claims to have
>>>a new revelation that contradicts the revelation we already have.  We should
>>>reject her as a false spirit, as would the Bereans.
>> [snip]
>
>First of all, those are my words and not Michael Siemon's.  Hang around the
>net a while and you'll know the difference without our signatures.  :-)
 
Ok sorry.

>> Well, maybe the Lord doesn't contradict Himself but that doesn't mean
>> the Bible is always totally consistent. 
>
>I can understand how you might believe that, but I believe that the Bible
>is verbally inspired by God.  That means it says what God wants it to say,
>albeit in the words of a number of different human authors.  So Paul's
>words, for me, are God's Words.  Otherwise we have to start picking and
>choosing what is God's Word, and while some think they can do that, I 
>don't.

A little story to illustrate what I mean. About 15 years ago I was in a 
church which did not have a church consititution, the Pastor decided it
would be a good idea to have one so he drafted one and placed it before
the elders for initial comment. One of the statements was something like
``The Bible is the inspired, inerrant, infallible Word of God and the
only rule of faith and practice in the Church today.'' One of the elders
suggested that the statement be simplified to ``The Bible is the inspired
Word of God.'' He pointed out that the statement went beyond what the Bible
claims about itself and hence should be simplified. The people, the Pastor
included, basically blew a fuse. An argument about that raged in the church
for more than two years until the Pastor moved on and the idea of a 
constitution was dropped. I beleive the Bible is the inspired Word of
God, but when I attempt to get more precise than that I run into all
sorts of problems for none of the theories of inspiration is totally
consistent. The theory you subscribe to, of verbal inspiration, has its
problems. One of them is that we do not know what the original text was.
There are some very clear contradictions in the Bible and it doesn't take 
much effort to find some.

>> Pauls' teaching here is quite
>> different to the teaching of Jesus about women, the Old Testament teaching,
>> and whats more its is also different to other things that Paul says.
>> (assuming, of course, that we take it at face value.)
>
>You might explain to us what Jesus taught about women that was incompatible
>with Paul's teachings.  I don't find Jesus setting up women as teachers of men
>or choosing them as apostles.  At the wedding at Cana he quite distinctly
>put his mother in her place.

I use ``teaching'' is rather a loose sense here as we learn from peoples'
attitudes and actions as well as their words. Paul was a very highly 
trained Jew. In that age most (not all) Rabbis refused to teach women
because it was believed that their minds were incapable of grasping
Gods' truth. Paul seems to have carried over this idea into Christianity.
Jesus clearly acted differently than the other Rabbis of his time for
Jesus commended Mary for listening to his teaching (Luke 10.38-42).
Jesus revealed that he was the Messiah to a woman (John 4:25-26).
Jesus appeared first to women after his resurection and instructed
them to tell his (male) disciples (Mark 16:1-8, Luke 23:55-24:11).
There are many other passages where Jesus meets and talks with women
and he never, with one exception, treats them in any other way than with
dignity and respect. There is no implication that they are in any way
inferior or incapable. Paul does not appear to give women the same place
that Jesus did, the Timothy passage quoted being a good example.

[snip]
>> The mistake so many people make is that they start and finish at the
>> teaching of Paul and ignore the rest of the scriptures which they
>> claim they believe. A bad case of ``Paul''-ianity and not ``Christ''-ianity.
>
>But if I treat the canonical scriptures as inspired, then I have to
>accept Paul's interpretation of Genesis in 1 Timothy 2:11-15!  

I take any commentary on scripture as a commentary. I prefer to study
the scripture being commented on myself and see if I agree with the
commentator or not. I do not take any New Testament commentary or
interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures as being the definitive commentary,
after which no other understanding is possible. I think that it is
unwise to claim that we have the final interpretation of a scripture
even if that interpretation comes from another part of scripture.
We must in every generation be prepared to admit that we may be wrong
about our understanding of the scripture and let it speak to us afresh.
Tradition is very valuable in preventing us from going off into error
but we must not let it become like a set of blinkers which prevents
us seeing the scriptures afresh again. Most Christians take the New
Testament as their primary set of scriptures and the Hebrew Scriptures
as a secondary set of scriptures. I realize that I am in a minority on this
point but I look at what is in the New Testament (except the Gospels) in 
light of what is in the Hebrew Scriptures and in the Gospels. If there are
differences in teaching I will usually accept the Old Testament or Gospel
point of view. The vast majority of Christians I know take Pauls' teaching
as the final word on the matter, hence my ``Paulianity'' statement above.

So what about Paul's interpretation of Genesis which he makes in
1 Timothy. He claims:

1. Adam was formed first then Eve.
2. Eve was deceived and became a sinner.

In the Genesis 1 passage God created mankind male and female at the 
same time in Their (Gods') own image. In this picture of creation there
was no distiniction between them by order of creation.  In the
Genesis 2 passage it is clear that Adam was created first. But that Paul is
claiming some sort of headship to the man ignores the equal place accorded
to the women when the Lord did make her. Usually the English renders the
passage something like ``a helper suitable for him''. The word rendered
suitable contains the idea of equal, if you don't beleive me then go
look the word up in Brown, Driver, and Briggs Lexicon, in the edition I
have it is on page 617 in the right hand column. It was not until
Adam and Eve sinned that the Lord said the man would rule over the woman.
It would seem from that that the order of man being the head of the woman
should be argued as a defective state caused by man's sin and not part of
the order of creation as Paul argues. The deception of Eve point that
Paul makes is a little bit hazy because he doesn't say what he thinks
of Adams' sin in relation to Eve's. When I lived in another part of
the country I was in the Anglican church and we had a confession which
went something like ``we have sinned in ignorance, we have sinned in
weakness, we have sinned through our own deliberate fault.'' Paul is
saying that Eve's sin fell into one of the first two catagories (I am
not sure which one) while it seems Adam's sin was his own deliberate fault. 
It would seem to me that Adam's sin was the more serious. It seems unusual
to me that the person who sins through weakness or ignorance should be
denied a particular ministry while another person who commits the same
act in willful defiance of Gods' clear cut command should be allowed
to exercise that ministry. Pauls statement seems to reflect the then
prevailing Jewish veiw that womens minds were incapable of grasping
Gods' truth.

As a practical point in the very early church only those trained in Jewish
schools would have had any detailed knowledge of the scriptures, these
were almost exclusively males. Today theological education is just as
available to a women as it is to a man.

>And
>for Christians the real question is not what can a woman do vs. what
>can't she do.  It is a question of how we interpret scripture.  Do we
>treat it as verbally inspired or just occasionally inspirational?

Why not just treat it as inspired.

[deatiled example on church practice deleted]

>David H. Wagner
>a confessional Lutheran.
-- 
Bill Rea
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Bill Rea, University of Canterbury, | E-Mail   b.rea@csc.canterbury.ac.nz |
| Christchurch, New Zealand           | Phone (03)-642-331 Fax (03)-642-999 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tblake@bingvaxu.cc.binghamton.edu (Thomas Blake) (05/11/91)

In article <May.7.00.37.02.1991.14808@athos.rutgers.edu> math1h3@jetson.uh.edu writes:
>In article <May.4.23.36.07.1991.22392@athos.rutgers.edu>, cctr114@csc.canterbury.ac.nz writes:
>I can understand how you might believe that, but I believe that the Bible
>is verbally inspired by God.  That means it says what God wants it to say,
>albeit in the words of a number of different human authors.  So Paul's
>words, for me, are God's Words.  Otherwise we have to start picking and
>choosing what is God's Word, and while some think they can do that, I 
>don't.

Sometimes Paul makes it quite clear that he is speaking for himself and
not for God.  Sometimes he makes it quite clear that he is speaking for
God.

I Corinthians 7:10-12
  10 For married people I have a command which is not my own but the
Lord's: a wife must not leave her husband;  11 but if she does, she must
remain single or else be reconciled to her husband; and a husband must
not divorce his wife.
  12 To the others I say (I, myself, not the Lord): if a Christian man
has a wife who is an unbeliever and she agrees to go on living with him,
he must not divorce her. 13...			(TEV)

Now, in those places where he does not explicitly state for whom he is
speaking (himself, or God) who are we to assume he is speaking for.
Since he explicitly states that the command given in verses 10 and 11 is
from the Lord, I would tend to think that the preceding verses were his
own opinion.  (And if you read them over, I think you will agree.  For
instance, check out verses 6 and 7).

I Corinthians 7:6-7
  6 I tell you this not as an order, but simply as a permission.  7
Actually I would prefer that all of you were as I am; but each one has a
special gift from God, one person this gift, another one that gift.
						(TEV)

Paul is doing his best to answer the Corinthians' questions.  In some
cases he answers from his own way of thinking, and in other cases, (such
as verses 10 & 11) he gives the ruling from God (Jesus in this case).

To say that all Paul's words are the words of God I feel is to
contradict Paul's very words.

>You might explain to us what Jesus taught about women that was incompatible
>with Paul's teachings.  I don't find Jesus setting up women as teachers of men
>or choosing them as apostles.  At the wedding at Cana he quite distinctly
>put his mother in her place.

Well, yes, and at other points he quite clearly puts his (male)
disciples in their places.  Are we to conclude that men aren't to lead
either?

>But if I treat the canonical scriptures as inspired, then I have to
>accept Paul's interpretation of Genesis in 1 Timothy 2:11-15!  And
>for Christians the real question is not what can a woman do vs. what
>can't she do.  It is a question of how we interpret scripture.  Do we
>treat it as verbally inspired or just occasionally inspirational?

In the 16th chapter of Romans, Paul sends personal greetings to a number
of fellow workers in the church.  The first he mentions is Phoebe

Romans 16:1-2

    I recommend to you our sister Phoebe, who serves the church at
Cenchrae.  2 Receive her in the Lord's name as God's people should, and
give her any help she may need from you; for she herself has been a good
friend to many people and also to me.		(TEV)

The second he mentions is Priscilla. she and Aquila have a church
meeting in their house.  Unusually, he lists Priscilla first.  I'd
assume she was considered highly to be mentioned first.  She apparantly
has risked her life for Paul, but so has Aquila, so I don't think that's
the reason she's mentioned first.

Romans 16:3-7

    I send greetings to Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in the
service of Christ Jesus;  4 they risked their lives for me.  I am
grateful to them-not only I, but all the Gentile churches as well.  5
Greetings also to the church that meets in their house.
    Greetings to my dear friend Epaenetus, who was the first man in the
province of Asia to believe in Christ.  6 Greetings to Mary, who has
worked so hard for you.  7 Greetings also to Andronicus and Junias*,
fellow Jews who were in prison with me; they are well known among the
apostles, and they became Christians before I did.	(TEV)

* Junias; or June; some manuscripts have Julia.

Now he mentions Mary.  (Who has worked so hard for you.)  Then he
mentions Junias who was thrown into prison!  She must have been doing
something to get thrown into prison!  (I'd bet preaching the good news,
that's how a lot of the Christians got thrown into prison.)  Okay, I
admit it.  Paul does not *explicitly* state that any one of these women
was preaching.  However, he also does not *explicitly* state that any of
the men were either.  It's certain he thought quite highly of these
women.  And I'd conclude they were leaders in the church.  And I'm
willing to bet that their leadership included teaching men.


						Tom Blake
						SUNY-Binghamton

hudson@athena.cs.uga.edu (Paul Hudson Jr) (05/13/91)

I think you are rather critical of Paul.  Most of Paul's writings
about women are probably mosty in his salutations.  I especially
recommend Romans 16:1.  The declintion of the names should tell the
gender, so women can be identified.

Do you think that maybe Paul's discussion of Adam might be an allusion
to Adam's excuse for sinning?  He said that God had given him this
woman who had decieved him.  Then God said that the woman would serve
the man, and that the woman would have pain in child birth.  It seems
to be a very brief summary.

If all Scripture is inspired of God, then does it not make sense that
it should all agree in doctrine and that there should be no such thing
as "Paulanity" or Cephasanity or Apollosanity, but that we can follow
all of the commands of God and be in unity?  Why would Paul's writings
contradict the Gospels?  The Gospels do not deal in detail with the
role of women in the church in any place that I know of.  Paul's
writings do.  How can we follow the Gospels advice on something that
they do not discuss?  I think that we can look at Acts and see to some
extent what the proper role of women in the early church was.  Women
occupied the position of deaconess (servant.)

Maybe an example of a deacon might be found in Acts 6.  i don't know
that they are called deacons, but they had positions of administrative
responsibility, and I do not think that this necesarily involved any
authority that would contradict Paul's instructions.  Paul recognized
women as deconesses.  Peobe was a deaconess, and Paul told the Romans
to help her in whatever she needed.  There may were certain roles that
Paul did not consider having authority over a man.

Link Hudson