[comp.sys.next] Low End NeXTs

songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) (04/02/91)

Jim Mann writes:
>
>Yes, NeXT has the Mac beat for now at the high Mac high end. A NeXT station
>is a better buy than the high-end Mac

... More insightful stuff about pricing and software availability ...

>you need more speed, the SE30 is available for about $2400. 

Jim has a very good point here and is driving at something pretty important.
Next has got the highend mac whipped up as far as price for performance, but it
costs the average guy $5000 to get a machine.

As long as Next keeps this as their low end they will (IMHO, of course)
reamin at best a niche machine and possibly go out of business. Consider,
NeXT is certainly not going to lead MIPS/$$ very long. In fact the Sparc II has
already got the Cube beat hands down.

Additionally while nice applications are out there for the Next, they
are invarialby quite a bit more expensive than their mac counterparts--
probably because of the low number companies are expecting to ship.
I keep reading it being billed as a machine for the power PC user, but
can it really survive on that market?

Maybe Next should consider making a standalone, cheap, 68030 based machine
something that could sell bunches and drive the software market prices down.
The Next seems to suffer from being a mix of workstation and PC rather
than benefit from the mix. It has the high price of a workstation (both
hardware and to a lesser degree software) while not being able to keep
up with the fastest workstations. 

If they were to strip off all the Network stuff from both the hardware and
software, maybe they could make a machine that would be able to appeal to
more people, and still have reasonable performance. (after all, 030's
ran OK with a harddrive.)

Anyway,
-Chris		/*I hope nenver to have to speak for Purdue*/

declan@remus.rutgers.edu (Declan McCullagh/LZ) (04/02/91)

In article <1991Apr1.200929.17719@noose.ecn.purdue.edu>, songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:

> Jim has a very good point here and is driving at something pretty important.
> Next has got the highend mac whipped up as far as price for performance, but
> it costs the average guy $5000 to get a machine.

Agreed, and emphatically!  After you get to the $5,000 barrier, NeXT
is very competitive.  Below that?  Not really.  $-)

> As long as Next keeps this as their low end they will (IMHO, of course)
> reamin at best a niche machine and possibly go out of business. Consider,
> NeXT is certainly not going to lead MIPS/$$ very long. In fact the Sparc II
> has already got the Cube beat hands down.

I don't think they'll go out of business, but they won't be as
successful as they should be.
 
> Additionally while nice applications are out there for the Next, they
> are invarialby quite a bit more expensive than their mac counterparts--
> probably because of the low number companies are expecting to ship.
> I keep reading it being billed as a machine for the power PC user, but
> can it really survive on that market?
> 
> Maybe Next should consider making a standalone, cheap, 68030 based machine

A while ago, I would have said "no way - 040 or bust!"  But I have a
NeXTstation 8/105 and an original NeXT 16/660 in my dorm right now,
and the difference between the two is not that significant that I
can't stand to use the 030 NeXT - in fact, I use it most of the time.
RAM _does_ make a difference.

If NeXT was to have a - say - 25 MHz or 33 MHz 68030 machine with 32K
of cache and eight megabytes of RAM standard, that wouldn't be bad.
Include twelve SIMM sockets.  Throw a NetworkInstall application into
/NextAdmin that would configure the /etc/rc* scripts to refrain from
starting up unneeded network services.  For a truly standalone
machine, you could even turn off /usr/lib/sendmail and some other
things.

Oh yes - and support Apple's Stylewriter.  360 dpi, slow engine, but
only $350 or so at normal academic discounts.  That would be fun to
use with PostScript.  Or get the same engine, paint it NeXT black and
slap a logo on it: $550 list, $385 academic.  As long as there's a
NeXT printer port interface, that is.

How about adding a 15" monitor, with say 1024x768 pixels (yes, I know,
it's not megapixel resolution, but neither is the current NeXT).
Leave in thin Ethernet, take out twisted-pair (hey, *I* don't use it).
Throw in an 80 or 105 MB HD, and call it the NeXTstation LC.  Give
it a list price of $2,995.  Academic discounts down to $1,995.

IMHO, _that_ would sell.

-Declan

eps@toaster.SFSU.EDU (Eric P. Scott) (04/02/91)

In article <1991Apr1.200929.17719@noose.ecn.purdue.edu>
	songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
>If they were to strip off all the Network stuff from both the hardware and
>software, maybe they could make a machine that would be able to appeal to
>more people

You forgot to say "April Fool."

					-=EPS=-

dlw@Atherton.COM (David Williams) (04/02/91)

songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
>If they were to strip off all the Network stuff from both the hardware and
>software, maybe they could make a machine that would be able to appeal to
>more people, and still have reasonable performance. (after all, 030's
>ran OK with a harddrive.)

NO! Leave the networking in. Just take the NeXTStation pizza box and 
use the 030/25 setup[cpu/fpu/dsp] in and sell for $2495. NeXT's 
factory would probably get swamped with orders! Look at how many of us snapped
up cubes at the Businessland Fire sales. That sort of price point would grab
in many who were evaluating getting the Macintoshes in or considering PCs
especially with SoftPC and the fact that the 2.88M drive will read DOS disks.

The real question is can NeXT make enough money even if the sales volume
is high? They need to have good enought profit margins to stay alive. 

They'll also have to move to a RISC cpu to be considered a player in the
high end marketplace. Hp has finally realized this and has announced
their 56mips for $12k RISC box. So NeXT has to choose carefully as to
which chipset they go 
with.

1) MIPS  (DEC, SGI, various Japanese & Korean vendors,Compaq)
2) SPARC (Sun, Solbourne,various Japanese & Korean vendors)
3) RIOS  (IBM)
4) HP-PA (Hewlett Packard and various Japanese & Korean vendors)
5) Motorola (Data General, various Japanese vendors)

Moto's 88k may NOT be the optimal choice given their poor track record on
delivery of the 040. They are single source whereas you've got several 
manufacturers whomping on each other in SPARC intl for example competing
to make and deliver chipsets. On the other hand Steve J. could cut a hard
deal with Moto since all the major workstation vendors have abandoned them.



David Williams

bostrov@prism.cs.orst.edu (Vareck Bostrom) (04/02/91)

In <1991Apr1.200929.17719@noose.ecn.purdue.edu> songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:

>Jim Mann writes:
>>
>>Yes, NeXT has the Mac beat for now at the high Mac high end. A NeXT station
>>is a better buy than the high-end Mac

>... More insightful stuff about pricing and software availability ...

>>you need more speed, the SE30 is available for about $2400. 

[ stuff deleted ]

>As long as Next keeps this as their low end they will (IMHO, of course)
>reamin at best a niche machine and possibly go out of business. Consider,
>NeXT is certainly not going to lead MIPS/$$ very long. In fact the Sparc II has
>already got the Cube beat hands down.

Really? I got my NeXT for $5000, and get 23040 dhrystones out of it. A
SPARC-2 would have cost me $15,000 (which I don't have) and only get me
(unupgradable) 32000 dhrys. I think the NeXT still has that one.

[ stuff about nice but expensive NeXT software deleted ]

>Maybe Next should consider making a standalone, cheap, 68030 based machine
>something that could sell bunches and drive the software market prices down.
>The Next seems to suffer from being a mix of workstation and PC rather
>than benefit from the mix. It has the high price of a workstation (both
>hardware and to a lesser degree software) while not being able to keep
>up with the fastest workstations. 

>If they were to strip off all the Network stuff from both the hardware and
>software, maybe they could make a machine that would be able to appeal to
>more people, and still have reasonable performance. (after all, 030's
>ran OK with a harddrive.)

NO! NeXT should be competing with workstations, not with PC's such as
the Macintosh. I think the entire Idea about NeXT is to have a machine that
has Everything That You'd Ever Want right there on the machine that you buy.
NeXT is in a position where it's developers know that they can devolop 
network applications, and the NeXT has the hardware to support those apps. 
Same with Floating Point and Signal/Array processing hardware. Every NeXT
has it, so devolopers don't have to worry about devoloping seperate modules
for each and every possible hardware configureation. 

Also, it's silly for NeXT to go backwards to a 68030 now, IMHO, they 
are already doing fairly well with their 040 machines, and how much money
would it actually drop the price, going to an 030? 

I hope that in the near future, the entry level machines will be those with
only one CPU (68040 or 68050 (?)) and the higher level machines will contain
multiple CPU's. But no matter what, NeXTs should all have all of the 
hardware that they come with today, networking and all.


- Vareck Bostrom
----------------
bostrov@gnu.ai.mit.edu			+ FSF account
bostrov@prism.cs.orst.edu		+ Forwarded to gnu.ai.mit.edu

scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) (04/02/91)

In article <1991Apr1.200929.17719@noose.ecn.purdue.edu> songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
In article <1991Apr1.200929.17719@noose.ecn.purdue.edu> songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
   Jim Mann writes:
   >you need more speed, the SE30 is available for about $2400. 

   Jim has a very good point here and is driving at something pretty important.
   Next has got the highend mac whipped up as far as price for performance, but it
   costs the average guy $5000 to get a machine.

...

   Maybe Next should consider making a standalone, cheap, 68030 based machine
   something that could sell bunches and drive the software market prices down.
   The Next seems to suffer from being a mix of workstation and PC rather
   than benefit from the mix. It has the high price of a workstation (both
   hardware and to a lesser degree software) while not being able to keep
   up with the fastest workstations. 

First things first - if NeXT were capable of shipping all the machines
they now have backordered, and all orders they get from now on same-day
or even same-week, they will be quite successful for this year.  Even
yet they aren't pushing the machines because they aren't yet able to
fill demand.  I'm not complaining (well, yeah, I am sort of :-), but
it's just a fact to live with for awhile.

That out of the way, consider the prices of 4M simms.  Falling so fast,
by about August I'd expect 16M of RAM to be around $500.  A 16M '030
system is all most people would ever need.  Put it in a slab, and alot
of people would be fairly happy with that system - you'd sell about a
billion of them into schools as client machines, if you can get the
price down in the $2500 range (.edu discount).

   If they were to strip off all the Network stuff from both the hardware and
   software, maybe they could make a machine that would be able to appeal to
   more people, and still have reasonable performance. (after all, 030's
   ran OK with a harddrive.)

I don't think it's worthwhile to strip the network stuff.  In software,
the network stuff is free - it will barely even slow the machine down,
as most stuff doesn't talk with it.  In hardware, maybe - but since
they've already done all the work for it, it's probably not going to
save much.  Maybe $100 or $200 for the whole bag.

Later,
--
scott hess                      scott@gac.edu
Independent NeXT Developer	GAC Undergrad
<I still speak for nobody>
"Simply press Control-right-Shift while click-dragging the mouse . . ."
"I smoke the nose Lucifer . . . Banana, banana."

petrilli@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Chris Petrilli) (04/03/91)

David Williams writes:
>NO! Leave the networking in. Just take the NeXTStation pizza box and 
>use the 030/25 setup[cpu/fpu/dsp] in and sell for $2495. NeXT's 
>factory would probably get swamped with orders! Look at how many of us snapped
>up cubes at the Businessland Fire sales. That sort of price point would grab
>in many who were evaluating getting the Macintoshes in or considering PCs
>especially with SoftPC and the fact that the 2.88M drive will read DOS disks.

I don't think I agree... the NeXT wasn't a dog with the 030, but it
was close, the software spectacular, the hardware a littel boring.
Another program is that there is no upgrade path with the Station,
perhaps a "processor card" (about big enough to hold the '040) would
be the right way to go, then I would say that an '030 would be OK,
becuase then people could upgrade at a later date.  I agree, however,
that the networking MUST stay, the NeXT can't deliver on its
"interpersonal computing" promis without it, though I wouldn't mind if
the twisted pair disappeared :-), as I never thought it a sound
approach electrically, too many problems.

>The real question is can NeXT make enough money even if the sales volume
>is high? They need to have good enought profit margins to stay alive.

Yes, they can survive with a little bit more volume :-), I believ
their factory is capable of roughly 100,000 machines/year, more then
enough, and they could always build anouther.

>They'll also have to move to a RISC cpu to be considered a player in the
>high end marketplace. Hp has finally realized this and has announced
>their 56mips for $12k RISC box. So NeXT has to choose carefully as to
>which chipset they go 
>with.
>
> [Lists major RISC chips]
>
>Moto's 88k may NOT be the optimal choice given their poor track record on
>delivery of the 040. They are single source whereas you've got several 
>manufacturers whomping on each other in SPARC intl for example competing
>to make and deliver chipsets. On the other hand Steve J. could cut a hard
>deal with Moto since all the major workstation vendors have abandoned them.

I don't know that I agree with teh RISC approach in general, and I
think a multi-processor approach is much more sound, and in the end
better.  A quad-'040 machine would dust the new HP (which, BTW, is
VERY impressive), especially if they attached 4 56001 chips to it.  I
think this is they way NeXT is going, and I think it is the right way.
If they decide to go RISC (God forbid), then I hope they stay away
from Sparc, it is not "infinitely extensible" as it's proponents
claim, and I see it as the least suitable choice.  My preference is
for the MIPS set, perhaps the new R4000 due out next year I belive, or
perhaps the PA-RISC from HP (also quite good).  The 88K is also a
pretty good processor, but I'm not sure its the best, but then who
knows what kind of deal Motorola would cut, if they could get 50MHz
88K processors out the door, they would be a force to be reckoned
with.

Chris

--
 
+ Chris Petrilli
| Internet:  petrilli@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+ Insert silly disclaimer drivel here.

mcgredo@prism.cs.orst.edu (Don McGregor) (04/04/91)

In article <SCOTT.91Apr2112457@texnext.gac.edu> scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) writes:
>That out of the way, consider the prices of 4M simms.  Falling so fast,
>by about August I'd expect 16M of RAM to be around $500.  A 16M '030
>system is all most people would ever need.  Put it in a slab, and alot
>of people would be fairly happy with that system - you'd sell about a
>billion of them into schools as client machines, if you can get the
>price down in the $2500 range (.edu discount).
>
  I think they'd be better off sticking with the '040 and riding the
  price curve down.  If they used an '030 they'd also need to put an
  FPU on it; buying the chips seperately might wind up costing more
  than buying '040s.  Not to mention the need to design a new motherboard,
  keep two production lines open, bigger parts inventory, etc.

  It's not impossible to get the edu price down to $2500 with the current
  system.  In a year or so they should be in a position to cut the price,
  perhaps coupling the price cut with unbundling some of the software--
  WriteNow comes to mind.  WordPerfect can't be all that happy about
  having competition that comes free with the computer.  Did anybody
  else notice that the docs are in RTF instead of WriteNow format?

Don McGregor             |"You can fall for chains of silver/You can fall for 
mcgredo@prism.cs.orst.edu| chains of gold/You can fall for pretty strangers/
			 | And the promises they hold..."

ddj@zardoz.club.cc.cmu.edu (Doug DeJulio) (04/04/91)

Well, my fantasy for a low-end NeXT would be a little box with two
NeXTbus slots, one of which had one of the old '030 Cube boards in it,
with 16 1-meg SIMMs.  I'd like to see a cheap-o color card available
for the other slot.
-- 
Doug DeJulio
ddj@zardoz.club.cc.cmu.edu

songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) (04/04/91)

scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) writes:

>
>I don't think it's worthwhile to strip the network stuff.  In software,
>the network stuff is free - it will barely even slow the machine down,
>as most stuff doesn't talk with it.  In hardware, maybe - but since
>they've already done all the work for it, it's probably not going to
>save much.  Maybe $100 or $200 for the whole bag.
>

I suppose the reason I'd suggest stripping off the network stuff is that
for those who put their machine at home it is almost completely useless.
I know several people who have seen our Next and said, "Wow, I wish I
could get one for home -- but I can't justify the cost." Absence of network
hardware would lower production costs and the absence of the software
would lower required harddrive space -- raising usability. 

Sure, if NeXT could sell an 030 Station w/all the networking stuff at 
$3000 list or so and still make enough money, that would be super, but if
anything had to go, I'd like to see the networking stuff go first. After
all, for a home machine slip or UUCP is about the height of connectivity.

-Chris

trims@athena.mit.edu (Erik G Trimble) (04/04/91)

In article <14575@life.ai.mit.edu>, petrilli@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Chris Petrilli) writes:
|> 
|> I don't think I agree... the NeXT wasn't a dog with the 030, but it
|> was close, the software spectacular, the hardware a littel boring.

I happen to possess an '030 cube with a hard drive and 2.0 running on it and,
sure it's not the neat '040, but it runs alot faster than the entry level
Mac Classic or '286 Clones.   Remember, this is supposed to be an entry-level
system, NOT a power-user.  I say go with a 40Mhz '030/'882 combo (incluing 
of course the 25Mhz 56001)

|> Another program is that there is no upgrade path with the Station,
|> perhaps a "processor card" (about big enough to hold the '040) would
|> be the right way to go, then I would say that an '030 would be OK,
|> becuase then people could upgrade at a later date.  I agree, however,
|> that the networking MUST stay, the NeXT can't deliver on its
|> "interpersonal computing" promis without it, though I wouldn't mind if
|> the twisted pair disappeared :-), as I never thought it a sound
|> approach electrically, too many problems.

Yeah, a big problem of the Stations is no expandability. an '030 Direct Slot
would be nice on a low-cost NeXT. But, never underestimate the ability of
those crazy 3rd-party developers to make clip-on accellorators for the CPU.
(like most CPU-upgrades for Macs).   I agree tha Networking must say, but leave
twisted pair in, too. Thin-wire can be pretty expensive, and remember, this is
supposed to be a LOW-cost NeXT.


|> 
|> >The real question is can NeXT make enough money even if the sales volume
|> >is high? They need to have good enought profit margins to stay alive.
|> 
|> Yes, they can survive with a little bit more volume :-), I believ
|> their factory is capable of roughly 100,000 machines/year, more then
|> enough, and they could always build anouther.
|>  .....
|> Chris
|> 
|> --
|>  
|> + Chris Petrilli
|> | Internet:  petrilli@gnu.ai.mit.edu
|> + Insert silly disclaimer drivel here.


I think NeXT would have no problem maintaining profitability if they sold low-end 
NeXTs. Profit margin on each low-end may be considerably lower than on the
Stations and Cubes, but hey, that's why you sell them in HIGH VOLUME.

To Summerize, here's my vote for a low-end NeXT (NeXT, are you listening? ;-)  )
40Mhz 68030/68882,   25Mhz 56001 DSP,   Thin and twisted pair Ethernet,
SCSI-I (note!),   8 SIMMS sockets, 2.88 Floppy, on-board video, '030 Direct Slot,
and options for 80/105/200 MB  3.5 hard drive

Would be nice to see retail for this (inc. Monitor + keyboard) around $3000.
(maybe H.E. around $2000) for 80 HD / 8 RAM  version.

-Erik

araftis@polyslo.CalPoly.EDU (Alex Raftis) (04/04/91)

In article <34936@athertn.Atherton.COM> dlw@Atherton.COM (David Williams) writes:
>songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
>
>They'll also have to move to a RISC cpu to be considered a player in the
>high end marketplace. Hp has finally realized this and has announced
>their 56mips for $12k RISC box. So NeXT has to choose carefully as to
>which chipset they go 
>with.
>

What makes you say this. Sure RISC is nice, and it has it's place, but 
look at what advantages RISC gives. It has few intructions, so they execute
quickly. That's nice, but each instruction does very little, so you need
five instructions to do the same thigns a CISC processor can do. A RISC
processor has a lot a registers to work with for speed. Well, the 68040
has sixteen registers, which I find more than plenty when programming.

What are some of its disadvantages? Well, floating point work generally
is more difficult. They're also nearly impossible to work with at the assembly
level due to the amount of work the programmer has to do to make the 
advantages of RISC, like pipelining work.

On the other hand, look at the 68040. It executes instructions at around
1.3 cycles per instuction. It gives you lots of registers. It's easy to
work with at the assembly level while its easy to write compilers for. It
has a large established base of programmers. It's only major problem is
in clock speed. A 25 Mhz 68040 can beat a SPARC at 25Mhz, but the SPAC's
top speed is 40Mhz, which will easily beat the 040. Motorola claims to be
working on a 50Mhz version of the 040, but I don't have any idea of when
they claim this will be released.

From NeXT's perspective, they decided to go with the Motorola line. If
they should decide to change at this point consider what they would have to do. They would need to 1. rewrite their system software. 2. Many companies 
would be forced to make major changes to current software packages. 3.
They would have to completely rework all that they've done with their
hardware. Basically, they'd need to pump a lot of money into doing 
something that only has dubious advantages. With their current strategy
they can work their way into the workstation market with their 25 Mhz
cube, which requires low cost memory and support hardware, while they wait
for faster versions of the processor to come onto the market. Once this
occurs, they can begin to release faster version of the Cube, while still
selling their current models as the Workstation for the rest of us.



-- 
               -------------------------------------------------- 
                     Internet: araftis@polyslo.CalPoly.EDU
               America Online: xela      (Real Life: Alex Raftis)

sritchie@cs.ubc.ca (Stuart Ritchie) (04/04/91)

In article <34936@athertn.Atherton.COM> dlw@Atherton.COM (David Williams) writes:
>NO! Leave the networking in. Just take the NeXTStation pizza box and 
>use the 030/25 setup[cpu/fpu/dsp] in and sell for $2495. NeXT's 
 [...stuff deleted...]
>David Williams

I wonder if 68030 + 68882 costs more than a 68040?
---
Some potential garbage not necessarily related to David's posting:

Maybe the real trick in getting usable MIPS is multiprocessing.
Sure, 56 MIPS sounds great, but don't forget that your cache gets
destroyed at interrupt time, thus reducing 56 MIPS to DRAM
speed.   Well, OK, I don't know what I'm talking about, but
maybe there is some truth to that statement.

Hell, take a look at networking.  Even 15 MIPS isn't enough to drive
TCP at Ethernet rates in the Unix environment.  This is one area
that could use some dedicated multiprocessor support.

Something tells me that having a scalable multiprocessor architecture
is the way to go.  I sure haven't done my homework to back this
statement, but it's a gut feeling.
---

About BlastApp: great game.  Highly addictive.  But one thing that
worries me is this.  I remember reading a disclaimer somewhere saying
that the game may suffer performance problems on a 030 machine.

I'm really worried about this.  Even with a tiny window like BlastApp
has, is DPS really that much of a bottleneck?  Or were there some
efficiency compromises made by the implementor?  Where does the real
bottleneck lie?

Don't get me wrong, I'm not complaining.  I really like the stuff
that can be done with Display PostScript, and I've taken advantage
of this power in my own applications.

I hope to never have to write another X or Motif application again.

Later dudes!
...Stuart   <sritchie@cs.ubc.ca>   Wot's uh... the deal?

sef@kithrup.COM (Sean Eric Fagan) (04/04/91)

I would suggest that this thread continue in comp.arch, which is more suited
to it.

In article <27fa3350.6bc2@petunia.CalPoly.EDU> araftis@polyslo.CalPoly.EDU (Alex Raftis) writes:
>What makes you say this. Sure RISC is nice, and it has it's place, but 
>look at what advantages RISC gives. It has few intructions, so they execute
>quickly. That's nice, but each instruction does very little, so you need
>five instructions to do the same thigns a CISC processor can do. 

Which end up not being used.

Fact:  the current generation RISCs are almost invariably "faster" than the
current generation CISCs.  Consider 68030 vs. R3000 (I believe those were
about comparable).  Consider 68040 vs. R6000.  In both cases, the MIPS chip
is "faster" (the SPECmarks are higher, by a considerable margin).

Few compilers use any of the nifty instructions that a CISC has.  gcc, for
example, uses a relatively mundane set of instructions for the 68k line.
Most instructions get unused this way, in a CISC; on the other hand, most of
the instructions that the MIPS series has *are* used by the compiler (the
exceptions being about a dozen or so that are used to do things like page
control, processor control/setup, etc.).

>A RISC
>processor has a lot a registers to work with for speed. Well, the 68040
>has sixteen registers, which I find more than plenty when programming.

Maybe you don't, but I can come up with cases where it isn't.  Using the
MIPS again.  It has 32 integer registers (one of which is hardwired to 0, I
believe).  Some of the registers are, by convention, used to pass in
subroutine arguments.  Result?  Subroutine calls are *fast*.  Also, the
return address goes into r31, not onto a stack; this is also quite faster
than the 68040 (MIPS does:  r31 := pc+1; pc = addr, while the 68k has to do
quite a bit more, including storing into memory, decrementing the sp, and
*then* incrmeneting the pc, as well as parsing the addressing mode).

>What are some of its disadvantages? Well, floating point work generally
>is more difficult. They're also nearly impossible to work with at the assembly
>level due to the amount of work the programmer has to do to make the 
>advantages of RISC, like pipelining work.

So?  How often do you program at the assembly level for unix?  I rarely do;
when I do, I use gcc to help.  The MIPS assembler takes care of pipeline
slots, so you don't have to deal with *that* part of it.  In addition, you
*do* realize that the R6000 has essentially the same FP instructions that
the 68040 does?  Yeah, that's right.  The 68040 got rid of *tons* of
instructions.  There goes *that* part of your "CISC is better than RISC"
argument.

>On the other hand, look at the 68040. It executes instructions at around
>1.3 cycles per instuction. 

That depends on your instruction stream.  The R3000 gets about the same
ratio, although I seem to recall "1.2"; however, I don't have any reference
to that, so that's just hearsay.

>It gives you lots of registers. 

So does the R3000.

>It's easy to
>work with at the assembly level while its easy to write compilers for. 

Actually, I have no trouble writing in assembly for any of the current RISC
chips.  And the R3000 is easier to write a compiler for than the 68k;
there's a lot of stuff you don't have to worry about.  (For example, all the
addressing modes.  Sure, they make your code smaller, but not necessarily
faster.)

>It's only major problem is
>in clock speed. A 25 Mhz 68040 can beat a SPARC at 25Mhz, but the SPAC's
>top speed is 40Mhz, which will easily beat the 040. Motorola claims to be
>working on a 50Mhz version of the 040, but I don't have any idea of when
>they claim this will be released.

I don't like the SPARC.  It's got an ugly instruction set.  How about the
RIOS or the MIPS?  They are acknowledged to be the fastest chips, generally
(although the new HP chip[set?] also seems to be pretty fast, as well).

>With their current strategy
>they can work their way into the workstation market with their 25 Mhz
>cube, which requires low cost memory and support hardware, while they wait
>for faster versions of the processor to come onto the market. 

When a 50MHz 68040 comes out, I expect MIPS to come out with a 75MHz (or
faster) R4000; this will be able to get 150MIPS max, and should average
around 100MIPS.  I know that doesn't mean much; let's just say it will have
such impressive SPECmarks (assuming the system is designed to keep pace)
that Motorola would have to come out with a 120MHz 68040 to keep pace.

>Once this
>occurs, they can begin to release faster version of the Cube, while still
>selling their current models as the Workstation for the rest of us.

You can only make things go so fast at any given technology.  Using the
technology to put all of those transistors on a 68040, the RISC people will
make a much faster chip (see R6000, RIOS, R4000 when it comes out).

Go read _Computer Architecture:  A Quantitive Approach_, by Hennessey and
Patterson.  Then make your arguments again.

-- 
Sean Eric Fagan  | "I made the universe, but please don't blame me for it;
sef@kithrup.COM  |  I had a bellyache at the time."
-----------------+           -- The Turtle (Stephen King, _It_)
Any opinions expressed are my own, and generally unpopular with others.

scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) (04/04/91)

In article <1991Apr3.192844.27708@noose.ecn.purdue.edu> songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
   scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) writes:
   >I don't think it's worthwhile to strip the network stuff.  In software,
   >the network stuff is free - it will barely even slow the machine down,
   >as most stuff doesn't talk with it.  In hardware, maybe - but since
   >they've already done all the work for it, it's probably not going to
   >save much.  Maybe $100 or $200 for the whole bag.

   I suppose the reason I'd suggest stripping off the network stuff is that
   for those who put their machine at home it is almost completely useless.
   I know several people who have seen our Next and said, "Wow, I wish I
   could get one for home -- but I can't justify the cost." Absence of network
   hardware would lower production costs and the absence of the software
   would lower required harddrive space -- raising usability. 

   Sure, if NeXT could sell an 030 Station w/all the networking stuff at 
   $3000 list or so and still make enough money, that would be super, but if
   anything had to go, I'd like to see the networking stuff go first. After
   all, for a home machine slip or UUCP is about the height of connectivity.

slip requires the network stuff (else it's hardly useful!).  UUCP will
require a large subset of it (all the sendmail stuff, for certain).

The problem with removing the network stuff is that it has been part
of BSD Unix for so long now that it's hard to find where Unix leaves
off and the TCP/IP starts up.  A large portion of the code will have
to stay so that other, apparently unconnected, programs can continue
running.

Also, removing the networking programs and files would save very little
disk space.  Most of the network utilities which could be removed are
16k or 32k in size (with few exceptions).  It takes alot of those to
equal even one Mathematica, much less a Webster's.

I hold to my point - removing the networking stuff would not reduce the
price more than $100 or $200.  Not so much as removing, say, the DSP.
Personally, I think the slabs are quite close to the minimal system.
NeXT will have some room to drop by next XMas, I think . . . or Q1
'92 at the latest.

Later,
--
scott hess                      scott@gac.edu
Independent NeXT Developer	GAC Undergrad
<I still speak for nobody>
"Simply press Control-right-Shift while click-dragging the mouse . . ."
"I smoke the nose Lucifer . . . Banana, banana."

waltrip@capd.jhuapl.edu (04/05/91)

In article <1991Apr03.232400.1560@kithrup.COM>, sef@kithrup.COM (Sean Eric 
Fagan) writes:
> I would suggest that this thread continue in comp.arch, which is more suited
> to it.
> 
	Probably a good idea but it's probably also a good idea for the more
	vocal members of the NeXT community (posters to this newsgroup) to work	
	out what they'd like to see from NeXT just in case it has an influence.

	I believe that NeXT has generally positioned themselves for moving to
	new CPU architectures.  I would like to see them improve themselves in
	this regard by adopting the Open Software Foundation versions of UNIX.
	In particular, I would like to see them develop a real-time
	implementation of OSF/1 or OSF/2 (they probably don't have to be in a
	hurry...their work in the forefront of adopting the Mach kernel gives
	them some time--but not much).  And they are in great shape as a result
	of their choice of PostScript and Display PostScript.  It's hard to
	say how their bet on object-oriented programming will play out (are
	they too dependent on Objective-C?  C++?  can/will NeXTstep be made to
	interface with whatever object-oriented language predominates in the
	future?) but I think it will be a major win for them.  They may have
	to move on to a more advanced signal processing chip but, for the most
	part, moving to new platforms should be relatively easy for them.  And
	it's a "don't care" issue for the users (so long as the platform's
	black:^) and developers since the environment goes along intact.

	As to the RISC vs. CISC discussion itself, I can only say that I
	believe that Sean Eric Fagan has summed up the case for RISC nicely.
	He observes that "Few compilers use any of the nifty instructions that
	a CISC has."  I believe I read recently that RISC was based on the
	observation that, in fact, only about 30% of the instructions in CISC
	computers were used by compilers.  The rest of the instructions, for
	all practical purposes, were just excess baggage.

	So the 68040 is fast...but it is already obsolete.  But it's "good
	enough" for now and has the advantage of upward compatibility with a
	lot of existing software.  It's a great transition choice.

c.f.waltrip

Internet:  <waltrip@capsrv.jhuapl.edu>

Opinions expressed are my own.  BTW, I AM an Adobe shareholder (very small8^()
and that MAY contribute to my enthusiam for NeXT's choices in that regard.

eps@toaster.SFSU.EDU (Eric P. Scott) (04/05/91)

In article <1991Apr3.192844.27708@noose.ecn.purdue.edu>
	songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
>                                                         Absence of network
>hardware would lower production costs and the absence of the software
>would lower required harddrive space -- raising usability.

I can purchase good quality name-brand Ethernet cards for PCs
for less than $200.  I assume this means the "true cost" of
these is really less than $80.  But consider that a lot of
that is paying for the card itself, interfacing to the ISA bus,
etc.--things that aren't needed when the network hardware is
part of the motherboard.  What are we really talking about here?
$30?  Less?  The savings, if any, is probably negligible.

The software requirement is also quite small--it just doesn't
account for any significant amount of disk space.

>anything had to go, I'd like to see the networking stuff go first. After
>all, for a home machine slip or UUCP is about the height of connectivity.

SLIP requires *no less* software than an Ethernetted machine.
(In fact, it requires quite a bit more.)

You're barking up the wrong tree.

					-=EPS=-

songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) (04/05/91)

>In article <1991Apr3.192844.27708@noose.ecn.purdue.edu>
>	songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
>>                                                         Absence of network
>>hardware would lower production costs and the absence of the software
>>would lower required harddrive space -- raising usability.
>
>I can purchase good quality name-brand Ethernet cards for PCs
>for less than $200.  I assume this means the "true cost" of
>these is really less than $80.  But consider that a lot of
>that is paying for the card itself, interfacing to the ISA bus,
>etc.--things that aren't needed when the network hardware is
>part of the motherboard.  What are we really talking about here?
>$30?  Less?  The savings, if any, is probably negligible.
>
>The software requirement is also quite small--it just doesn't
>account for any significant amount of disk space.
>

Actually, the point is, cheap or not it is useless to a home user. And
I'm not so sure that if you looked at NextMail and sendmail and all
the config stuff if you would not see a pretty large percentage of
a 100Meg drive. Sure Slip is just as big, but let's face it, there
are people out there who would like a Next and don't feel the need to
be on a network. Maybe I just have a weird set of friends, but I know
of several people who are quite interested in Next as a home machine
and see all the network stuff simply as cost add (distinct from
value add) where cost is measure both in dollars and megabytes.
I hate to reccommed PC's and macs to them, but considering the cost
of a usable standalone Next system, that is precisely what I am
going to do.

My point was, if you want networking at home, all you want is
Slip and a serial port. You do not want an ethernet port. Moreover,
there are lots of people who want (at most) to dial compuserve
but still want a Next.

Also, just to mention it, I've seen a plotitical war over $8 per
unit production cost in a $3000 printer before, I would not describe
a cost even as low as $30 per unit negligible. (After all, $30 times
100,000 machines.....)

-Chris

scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) (04/06/91)

In article <1991Apr3.220544.22348@cs.ubc.ca> sritchie@cs.ubc.ca (Stuart Ritchie) writes:
   In article <34936@athertn.Atherton.COM> dlw@Atherton.COM (David Williams) writes:
   >NO! Leave the networking in. Just take the NeXTStation pizza box and 
   >use the 030/25 setup[cpu/fpu/dsp] in and sell for $2495. NeXT's 
    [...stuff deleted...]
   >David Williams

   I wonder if 68030 + 68882 costs more than a 68040?

Not yet, but it will be there by the time NeXT could come out with a
new '030 machine . . .

   Some potential garbage not necessarily related to David's posting:

   Maybe the real trick in getting usable MIPS is multiprocessing.
   Sure, 56 MIPS sounds great, but don't forget that your cache gets
   destroyed at interrupt time, thus reducing 56 MIPS to DRAM
   speed.   Well, OK, I don't know what I'm talking about, but
   maybe there is some truth to that statement.

Actually, it's worse than that.  That 56 MIPs for the HP PA is 
more than likely closer to peek MIPs than HP would like to admit.
Which means that the actual performance on real applications will
be less.  The IBM RS/6000 suffers from this problem - the performance
improvement you'll see on real applications is not in line with the
quoted 40,000 MIPs . . .

   Hell, take a look at networking.  Even 15 MIPS isn't enough to drive
   TCP at Ethernet rates in the Unix environment.  This is one area
   that could use some dedicated multiprocessor support.

This is the way to go, IMHO.  Take a look at the PC world - graphics
cards with TI 34010 or other dedicated coprocessors are a commodity
item.  Let's throw an i860 (no, wait, a i960) on the motherboard with
some RAM, and get rid of that DPS overhead.  Give it to me in
monochrome (8-bit mono on an i860 would be sweet) and I'll buy as many
of those machines as I have the money for . . .

   About BlastApp: great game.  Highly addictive.  But one thing that
   worries me is this.  I remember reading a disclaimer somewhere saying
   that the game may suffer performance problems on a 030 machine.

   I'm really worried about this.  Even with a tiny window like BlastApp
   has, is DPS really that much of a bottleneck?  Or were there some
   efficiency compromises made by the implementor?  Where does the real
   bottleneck lie?

   Don't get me wrong, I'm not complaining.  I really like the stuff
   that can be done with Display PostScript, and I've taken advantage
   of this power in my own applications.

To see what DPS can do, take a look at Stuart (no pun intended, Stuart!).
DPS gives a much larger window of performance possibilities than
many other windowing systems, such as X or QuickDraw.  The problem is
that it's so damn flexible.  What it comes down to, though, is that
there can be a great return on investment for those willing to spend
some time and elbow grease looking at the DPS code that they output.
Unless you're quite lucky (or experienced), your first attempt program
will be 2-5x slower than one that's been more well-thought-out.
This is part of the reason I think all developers should be forced to
work on '030 machines, as that gives them more incentive to think
things out . . .

Later,
--
scott hess                      scott@gac.edu
Independent NeXT Developer	GAC Undergrad
<I still speak for nobody>
"Simply press Control-right-Shift while click-dragging the mouse . . ."
"I smoke the nose Lucifer . . . Banana, banana."

aozer@next.com (Ali Ozer) (04/08/91)

In article <SCOTT.91Apr5093250@texnext.gac.edu> Scott Hess writes:
>In article <1991Apr3.220544.22348@cs.ubc.ca> Stuart Ritchie writes:
>>   About BlastApp: great game.  Highly addictive.  But one thing that
>>   worries me is this.  I remember reading a disclaimer somewhere saying
>>   that the game may suffer performance problems on a 030 machine. ...
>>   I'm really worried about this.  Even with a tiny window like BlastApp
>>   has, is DPS really that much of a bottleneck?  Or were there some
>>   efficiency compromises made by the implementor?  Where does the real
>>   bottleneck lie?
>To see what DPS can do, take a look at Stuart (no pun intended, Stuart!).
>DPS gives a much larger window of performance possibilities than
>many other windowing systems, such as X or QuickDraw.  

Scott is right: Look at Stuart, or look at BoinkOut. These apps show that DPS
can be real fast. Or look at co-Xist, which goes through DPS. It's fast.

One of the best things about BlastApp is how quickly it was designed and
implemented: Excluding the time it took to create the levels, draw the
various objects, and come up with reasonable (well, semi-reasonable) sounds,
the whole game took four days to write, half of which was spent designing
and the rest implementing & debugging. I've worked on many computer games
in my life (none professionally), and not many made to completion:
Many years ago, before I knew better, I'd start writing code as soon as I got 
the idea for a new game and that usually led to an early doom. Later I 
learned to design before implementing. However I'd spend so much time trying
to come up with a reasonable design that I usually would get sick of the
whole thing before any reasonable amount of code was written...

Thus I was thrilled to see BlastApp get to its current state in only
four days.  Sure, it could use some more levels, and could be faster ---
but that can all be done afterwards. Adding levels or even new types of objects
is trivially easy (actually you can add new levels without even recompiling,
hint, hint), and many performance optimizations can be made in the way
the game draws, in the way different objects interact, etc. There's a lot
of room for optimization in the game, and it's all private to the 
implementation of the various classes --- which means without having to
make any changes to the overall structure of the program. After putting
four days into creating the thing and some more days designing levels and
drawing objects, I decided I was not going to find time to optimize it
in the near future so I posted it as is...

The bottom line is that a "prototype" such as BlastApp can be created
in a short time and be so usable is all due to the power of NeXTstep.
Just remember to design first, and design in an object-oriented
fashion, and you'll find that you'll be able to create apps with great
ease and be able to optimize, tune the UI, or make other changes as
necessary later.

My two cents!

Ali, Ali_Ozer@NeXT.com


 

scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) (04/08/91)

In article <1462@toaster.SFSU.EDU> eps@toaster.SFSU.EDU (Eric P. Scott) writes:
   In article <1991Apr3.192844.27708@noose.ecn.purdue.edu>
	   songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
   >                                                         Absence of network
   >hardware would lower production costs and the absence of the software
   >would lower required harddrive space -- raising usability.

   I can purchase good quality name-brand Ethernet cards for PCs
   for less than $200.  I assume this means the "true cost" of
   these is really less than $80.  But consider that a lot of
   that is paying for the card itself, interfacing to the ISA bus,
   etc.--things that aren't needed when the network hardware is
   part of the motherboard.  What are we really talking about here?
   $30?  Less?  The savings, if any, is probably negligible.

and songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
   Also, just to mention it, I've seen a plotitical war over $8 per
   unit production cost in a $3000 printer before, I would not describe
   a cost even as low as $30 per unit negligible. (After all, $30 times
   100,000 machines.....)

For a market which more than likely consists of between 30,000 and
50,000 machines per year (if they get 50, we'll see celebration in
Redwood City!), I think another big point is that two different
types of motherboard will be a bother.  First, there's the modified
motherboards.  Then, there's the modified casing (who wants those
empty holes in the case?).  Then, the ordering overhead, and
probably all the complaints about lack of upgrade path.  Also,
the software installation procedure would be more complicated.
Basically, we'd be doubling the number of configurations in
which you could order your NeXT - not even considering those
who might want a mixture (ability to use UUCP, thus requiring
some stuff, while not having TCP/IP).

Considering their size, I suspect distributing two machines, one
without networking, one with, will actually cost _more_ than
just leaving it the way it is.  I'd rather then distributed
two versions of the keyboard, personally (one being the "correct"
one, the other being the newer one :-)!

Later,
--
scott hess                      scott@gac.edu
Independent NeXT Developer	GAC Undergrad
<I still speak for nobody>
"Simply press Control-right-Shift while click-dragging the mouse . . ."
"I smoke the nose Lucifer . . . Banana, banana."

eps@toaster.SFSU.EDU (Eric P. Scott) (04/09/91)

In article <1991Apr5.151726.29819@noose.ecn.purdue.edu>
	songer@orchestra.ecn.purdue.edu (Christopher M Songer) writes:
>Actually, the point is, cheap or not it is useless to a home user.

I don't buy this argument either.  Here in the land of
astronomical housing prices, it's quite common for more than one
person to live under the same roof... and I have to try very hard
to think of households-with-computers that only have one!

Last week I watched the videotape of Steve Jobs on his
"interpersonal computing" soapbox.  I think he's right on target
here.  Networking is *the* single most important feature of the
NeXT.

					-=EPS=-

bennett@mp.cs.niu.edu (Scott Bennett) (04/09/91)

In article <SCOTT.91Apr8095815@texnext.gac.edu> scott@texnext.gac.edu (Scott Hess) writes:
>  [text deleted  --SJB]
>
>Considering their size, I suspect distributing two machines, one
>without networking, one with, will actually cost _more_ than
>just leaving it the way it is.  I'd rather then distributed
>two versions of the keyboard, personally (one being the "correct"
>one, the other being the newer one :-)!

     Hmm... I don't think "correct" is really applicable to the old
keyboard either, given the placement of the tilde over the numeric
keypad.  I'd rather see *both* versions replaced by one that looks
like the old one with deficiencies (like the tilde location) fixed. 
*That* would be the "correct" one as far as I can see.
>
>Later,
>--
>scott hess                      scott@gac.edu
>Independent NeXT Developer	GAC Undergrad
><I still speak for nobody>
>"Simply press Control-right-Shift while click-dragging the mouse . . ."
>"I smoke the nose Lucifer . . . Banana, banana."


                                  Scott Bennett, Comm. ASMELG, CFIAG
                                  Systems Programming
                                  Northern Illinois University
                                  DeKalb, Illinois 60115
**********************************************************************
* Internet:       bennett@cs.niu.edu                                 *
* BITNET:         A01SJB1@NIU                                        *
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  "Well, I don't know, but I've been told, in the heat of the sun   *
*   a man died of cold..."  Oakland, 19 Feb. 1991, first time since  *
*  25 Sept. 1970!!!  Yippee!!!!  Wondering what's NeXT... :-)        *
**********************************************************************

glenn@heaven.woodside.ca.us (Glenn Reid) (04/09/91)

Scott Bennett writes
>      Hmm... I don't think "correct" is really applicable to the old
> keyboard either, given the placement of the tilde over the numeric
> keypad.

Although the key cap doesn't show it, Shift-Escape yields a tilde on
the old keyboard.  I think that's a pretty standard place for it.
Too bad the key doesn't show it.  I think the old keyboard is pretty
close to perfect, and I'm pretty picky about my keyboards.

I still haven't learned to like the new keyboard.  Can't live without
\ and | somewhere reachable.

But, before we get going on this again, we must realize that keyboards
are highly personal things and SOMEONE must like the new keyboard.  If
you're out there, and you really LIKE it, send me some mail.  I've never
heard anybody say anything nicer than "I can tolerate it."

--
 Glenn Reid				RightBrain Software
 glenn@heaven.woodside.ca.us		NeXT/PostScript developers
 ..{adobe,next}!heaven!glenn		415-851-1785 (fax 851-1470)

rca@cs.brown.edu (Ronald C.F. Antony) (04/09/91)

In article <1991Apr8.225901.12473@mp.cs.niu.edu> bennett@mp.cs.niu.edu (Scott Bennett) writes:
>     Hmm... I don't think "correct" is really applicable to the old
>keyboard either, given the placement of the tilde over the numeric
>keypad.  I'd rather see *both* versions replaced by one that looks
>like the old one with deficiencies (like the tilde location) fixed. 
>*That* would be the "correct" one as far as I can see.

In case you haven't realized: the ~-character can be accessed with
shift-ESC. Thus the old keyboard is relatively correct. Maybe this
should be put in the FAQ-sheet.

Ronald
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists
in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the
unreasonable man."   G.B. Shaw   |  rca@cs.brown.edu or antony@browncog.bitnet

mikec@wam.umd.edu (Michael D. Callaghan) (04/09/91)

In article <473@heaven.woodside.ca.us> glenn@heaven.woodside.ca.us (Glenn Reid) writes:
>
>Scott Bennett writes
>>      Hmm... I don't think "correct" is really applicable to the old
>> keyboard either, given the placement of the tilde over the numeric
>> keypad.
>
>Although the key cap doesn't show it, Shift-Escape yields a tilde on
>the old keyboard.  I think that's a pretty standard place for it.
>Too bad the key doesn't show it.  I think the old keyboard is pretty
>close to perfect, and I'm pretty picky about my keyboards.
>
>I still haven't learned to like the new keyboard.  Can't live without
>\ and | somewhere reachable.
>
>But, before we get going on this again, we must realize that keyboards
>are highly personal things and SOMEONE must like the new keyboard.  If
>you're out there, and you really LIKE it, send me some mail.  I've never
>heard anybody say anything nicer than "I can tolerate it."

Just a question, since I'm not selling mine, but would there be a market
for an old keyboard if I were willing to sell one? If so, how much of a
market?


-- 
MikeC
_________________________________________________________
Michael D. Callaghan, MDC Designs, University of Maryland
mikec@wam.umd.edu