chet@decvax.dec.com (Chet Juszczak) (02/08/91)
More on Prestoserve: here's some NFS server performance data.
This posting contains two plots in postscript form.
These plots show some NFS server performance measurements
made on DECsystem 5100 and DECsystem 5500 servers with Prestoserve.
The measurements were made by Charlie Briggs (cb@decvax.dec.com)
and myself.
The measurement tool we used was nhfsstone v1.20 from Legato
Systems, Inc. This utility was run on a single NFS client; it generated
an artificial load of NFS operations with a particular distribution
(or mix) at a particular operation rate. The plots show average
server response time (in msec.) using the default nhfsstone mix over a
range of applied load rates (in NFS operations/sec.). For each sample
point, load was applied for 120 seconds.
In all cases the client system was in my office.
The first plot shows measurements made with a DECsystem 5400 client
generating the load. When these measurements were made, a 5400 was
our standard client (plenty of mips, robust Ethernet interface).
The disk-based server systems were a SUN 4/260 w/scsi disk,
a VAX 6210 w/RA81 disk, and a DECstation 5000 w/scsi disk. These
are compared to DECsystem 5100 and DECsystem 5500 systems w/scsi disks
and Prestoserve. Lots of caveats here! I am not trying to say that the
three disk-based servers were properly tuned, or even feeling well.
The point of their inclusion is to show the characteristic curve shape of
response time over increasing load for the moving head disk based servers
as contrasted to the shape for the NVRAM accelerated servers.
The client was connected to the servers via our live engineering
network. Measurements were made overnight when the server systems were
idle and the network utilization was low.
As we monitored CPU utilization on the DS5100 and DS5500 systems we saw
that they were not fully utilized in this test. The DS5400 client was
more than powerful enough to drive the disk-based servers to saturation,
but not powerful enough to do this to the NVRAM-based servers.
There is an important point to make here with regard to comparing
nhfsstone results from various sources. At least for Version 1 of
nhfsstone, client-side effects are VERY significant. It is simply
not possible to measure the performance limits of a fast server unless
the client (or client set) can drive it to saturation.
The second plot shows DS5100 and DS5500 results using another DS5500
client. Note the difference in latencies at low operation rates for
the DS5500 between the two plots. Note also how many more ops/sec. the
DS5500 client was able to produce and get serviced. Server CPU utilization
was at 90%+ at the highest load rates for the two servers. For these tests,
the client and server systems were in my office and connected via
a private net.
A DS5500 is now our standard nhfsstone client.
In our experiences using version 1 nhfsstone technology, we had
difficulties getting reproducible results when using multiple
client systems to generate load. For this level of load generation
technology we feel that a single infinite speed client would be the
ideal case. A DS5500 client is the fastest we now have.
We understand that there is work underway for version 2 of nhfsstone
that uses a completely different design;
we look forward to trying it out when that work is complete.
-chet
Chet Juszczak chet@decvax.dec.com
Digital Equipment Corporation decvax!chet
110 Spit Brook Rd. ZKO3-3/U14
Nashua, NH 03062
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CURVE SMOOTHING %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Curve Smoothing Routines
% Ernest Wood - Wed Apr 16 09:05:05 1986
%
% These routines will ALWAYS create a smooth curve which
% intercepts EVERY point used to generate them.
%
% The definition qA determines the amount of overshoot smoothing
% produces around each point. The distance is the distance to the
% next point times aA. The factor qB scales the amount of overshoot
% by the acuteness of the angle around the point.
%
% These values make a square of points into a circle.
/qA .3 def % used in qx
/qB 1 def % used in afactor
/8a 8 array def
%
% Angle of vector from p0 to p1 p0 p1 polar ang
/polar{qs neg exch neg atan}def
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% p0 p1 qa p0+p1
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% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
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% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
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% and 180 times qB. This ratio is saturated at 1 and if qB is 0 then
% the value returned is always 1. Thus the more acute the angle
% the smaller the value of f.
%
/mirrorang{2 copy add 2 div 3 1 roll sub 0 lt {90} {-90}ifelse add}def
/afactor{
qB 0 eq
{ 1 }
{sub abs dup 180 gt {360 exch sub} if 180 div qB mul
dup 1 gt {pop 1} if}
ifelse
}def
% a d xya x y
% Given angle a and distance d
% produce x and y offsets.
%
/xya{exch 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul}def
% p0 p1 p2 p3 qx pp1 pp2 pp3
% Given 4 points on a curve produce the pp# values needed by
% curveto to draw a smooth curve between p1 and p2. The slope
% of the curve at p1 and p2 will be perpendicular to the bisector
% of a angle between p0/p1/p2 or p1/p2/p3.
%
/qx{
8a astore pop
1 Pt 2 Pt qs len qA mul /dist exch def
1 Pt 0 Pt polar
1 Pt 2 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 1 Pt qa
2 Pt 3 Pt polar
2 Pt 1 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 2 Pt qa
2 Pt
}def
/qp{8 copy 16 -2 roll pop pop}def
/ns1{4 copy 4 -2 roll 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs 6 2 roll /ns{ns2}def }def
/ns2{qp qx curveto}def
% User definitions for curve smoothing routines.
% First (ms), intermediate (ns), and last points with (fs) and
% without (nsfs) automatic stroke execution.
%
/ms{2 copy newpath moveto /ns{ns1}def}def
/ns{ns1}def
/fs{stroke}def
/nsfs{ns 4 copy 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs qx curveto}def
/nsend{4 copy 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs qx curveto}def
6 SetSym
<07> 340.8 417.6 SY
10 /Helvetica SetTxt
( DECsystem 5500 Prestoserve, 32 MB, 2 RZ56) 0 354.304 414.6 TXL
6 SetSym
<0b> 340.8 404.6 SY
10 /Helvetica SetTxt
( DECsystem 5100 Prestoserve, 24 MB, 2 RZ56) 0 354.304 401.6 TXL
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111.418 110.88 ms
[] 0.600000 SL
149.971 115.459 ns
190.483 129.974 ns
228.442 131.184 ns
265.766 139.133 ns
304.493 147.686 ns
338.669 145.613 ns
381.811 157.709 ns
423.571 177.926 ns
452.87 178.963 ns
505.286 204.71 ns
532.896 217.066 ns
579.744 269.424 ns
596.563 270.374 ns
612.019 275.558 ns
nsend
D9
111.725 154.08 ms
150.624 168.25 ns
190.157 174.384 ns
228.518 187.171 ns
265.786 202.982 ns
304.896 225.706 ns
341.568 245.664 ns
382.618 275.472 ns
423.84 321.782 ns
453.696 344.16 ns
447.706 369.562 ns
453.715 365.846 ns
451.949 371.549 ns
nsend
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(|) 0 532.8 72 TXC
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(|) 0 571.2 72 TXC
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10 /Helvetica SetTxt
(|) 0 609.6 72 TXC
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(280) 0 609.6 60 TXC
10 /Helvetica SetTxt
(|) 0 648 72 TXC
10 /Helvetica-Bold SetTxt
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10 /Helvetica SetTxt
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10 /Helvetica-Bold SetTxt
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10 /Helvetica SetTxt
(|) -90 72 115.2 TXC
10 /Helvetica-Bold SetTxt
(5) 0 67 112.2 TXR
10 /Helvetica SetTxt
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10 /Helvetica-Bold SetTxt
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10 /Helvetica SetTxt
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( NFS Operations/Second) 0 648 47 TXR
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6 SetSym
<07> 111.418 110.88 SY
<07> 149.971 115.459 SY
<07> 190.483 129.974 SY
<07> 228.442 131.184 SY
<07> 265.766 139.133 SY
<07> 304.493 147.686 SY
<07> 338.669 145.613 SY
<07> 381.811 157.709 SY
<07> 423.571 177.926 SY
<07> 452.87 178.963 SY
<07> 505.286 204.71 SY
<07> 532.896 217.066 SY
<07> 579.744 269.424 SY
<07> 596.563 270.374 SY
<07> 612.019 275.558 SY
<0b> 111.725 154.08 SY
<0b> 150.624 168.25 SY
<0b> 190.157 174.384 SY
<0b> 228.518 187.171 SY
<0b> 265.786 202.982 SY
<0b> 304.896 225.706 SY
<0b> 341.568 245.664 SY
<0b> 382.618 275.472 SY
<0b> 423.84 321.782 SY
<0b> 453.696 344.16 SY
<0b> 447.706 369.562 SY
<0b> 453.715 365.846 SY
<0b> 451.949 371.549 SY
initclip
showpagechet@decvax.dec.com (Chet Juszczak) (02/12/91)
Following my earlier posting on how Prestoserve affects NFS server
performance, I received a number of questions about how the
DECsystem 5100 and DECsystem 5500 platforms perform when Prestoserve
is not being used; i.e. exactly what performance difference is the
NVRAM acceleration making over what the platforms are capable of
without it.
This posting contains three plots in postscript form.
These plots show NFS server performance measurements
made on DECsystem 5100 and DECsystem 5500 servers with RZ57
scsi disks with and without Prestoserve. The measurements were made
by me.
The methodology used was the same as described in my earlier
posting: the nhfsstone benchmark program was run on a DECsystem 5500
client. The machines were on a private network. Configuration information
is included on the plots.
The first plot shows measurements made with a DECsystem 5100 server,
the second plot shows measurements made with a DECsystem 5500 server,
and the third plot combines the data from the first two.
Note that adding a second disk to the disk based configurations
made a significant impact, while it made little difference
to the NVRAM based configurations. Other testing has shown little
effect upon server response for this benchmark when using slower disks.
Assuming reasonable server cache hit rates for read requests,
varying the number of disks and disk speed has little impact upon
the NVRAM based server response profile.
-chet
Chet Juszczak chet@decvax.dec.com
Digital Equipment Corporation decvax!chet
110 Spit Brook Rd. ZKO3-3/U14
Nashua, NH 03062
***************** start of postcript plots - cut here ***********************
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% E9 is fills for incremental curves, while F9 for curve segments
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% string angle xpos ypos TXL -> print 'string' at pos xpos, ypos
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/len {dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt}def
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CURVE SMOOTHING %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Curve Smoothing Routines
% Ernest Wood - Wed Apr 16 09:05:05 1986
%
% These routines will ALWAYS create a smooth curve which
% intercepts EVERY point used to generate them.
%
% The definition qA determines the amount of overshoot smoothing
% produces around each point. The distance is the distance to the
% next point times aA. The factor qB scales the amount of overshoot
% by the acuteness of the angle around the point.
%
% These values make a square of points into a circle.
/qA .3 def % used in qx
/qB 1 def % used in afactor
/8a 8 array def
%
% Angle of vector from p0 to p1 p0 p1 polar ang
/polar{qs neg exch neg atan}def
%subtract and add points p0 p1 qs p0-p1
% p0 p1 qa p0+p1
/qs{exch 3 1 roll sub 3 1 roll sub exch}def
/qa{exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch}def
% Extract point from 8 point array
%
/Pt{2 mul dup 8a exch get exch 1 add 8a exch get}def
% a0 a1 mirrorang ma
% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
% p1 to p2 then ma is the mirror angle between p0-p1 and p1-p2.
% a0 a1 afactor f
% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
% p1 to p2 then f is the ratio of the inside angle between a0 and a1
% and 180 times qB. This ratio is saturated at 1 and if qB is 0 then
% the value returned is always 1. Thus the more acute the angle
% the smaller the value of f.
%
/mirrorang{2 copy add 2 div 3 1 roll sub 0 lt {90} {-90}ifelse add}def
/afactor{
qB 0 eq
{ 1 }
{sub abs dup 180 gt {360 exch sub} if 180 div qB mul
dup 1 gt {pop 1} if}
ifelse
}def
% a d xya x y
% Given angle a and distance d
% produce x and y offsets.
%
/xya{exch 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul}def
% p0 p1 p2 p3 qx pp1 pp2 pp3
% Given 4 points on a curve produce the pp# values needed by
% curveto to draw a smooth curve between p1 and p2. The slope
% of the curve at p1 and p2 will be perpendicular to the bisector
% of a angle between p0/p1/p2 or p1/p2/p3.
%
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1 Pt 0 Pt polar
1 Pt 2 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 1 Pt qa
2 Pt 3 Pt polar
2 Pt 1 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 2 Pt qa
2 Pt
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/qp{8 copy 16 -2 roll pop pop}def
/ns1{4 copy 4 -2 roll 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs 6 2 roll /ns{ns2}def }def
/ns2{qp qx curveto}def
% User definitions for curve smoothing routines.
% First (ms), intermediate (ns), and last points with (fs) and
% without (nsfs) automatic stroke execution.
%
/ms{2 copy newpath moveto /ns{ns1}def}def
/ns{ns1}def
/fs{stroke}def
/nsfs{ns 4 copy 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs qx curveto}def
/nsend{4 copy 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs qx curveto}def
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112.09 202.104 ms
[] 0.600000 SL
151.661 202.104 ns
190.618 231.768 ns
227.981 282.744 ns
266.592 346.032 ns
296.429 435.024 ns
303.744 471.168 ns
313.44 458.136 ns
307.219 475.704 ns
nsend
D9
112.454 122.544 ms
150.355 142.056 ns
190.003 142.272 ns
228.691 159.12 ns
266.227 171.144 ns
306.95 190.008 ns
341.126 207.936 ns
385.498 242.424 ns
428.448 268.128 ns
436.646 323.64 ns
446.726 321.336 ns
nsend
D9
111.898 158.472 ms
151.027 182.304 ns
189.216 192.672 ns
227.424 205.848 ns
265.094 233.856 ns
302.4 258.84 ns
347.808 294.48 ns
365.856 341.064 ns
368.544 343.584 ns
370.848 342.792 ns
nsend
D9
111.974 125.424 ms
150.509 132.624 ns
190.003 142.128 ns
227.098 146.808 ns
266.765 162.432 ns
305.318 175.68 ns
348.134 199.44 ns
384.826 210.528 ns
418.368 238.176 ns
441.293 282.024 ns
446.016 287.136 ns
449.069 285.12 ns
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D9
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(45) 0 67 393 TXR
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[] 1.000000 SL
2 setlinecap
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( NFS Operations/Second) 0 648 47 TXR
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( ) 0 81.6 486.3 TXL
(Nhfsstone:) 0 81.6 475.8 TXL
( V1.20, default mix, 6 procs ) 0 81.6 465.3 TXL
(Client:) 0 81.6 454.8 TXL
( DECsystem 5500, ULTRIX V4.1, 16 MB,) 0 81.6 444.3 TXL
( 10% bufcache, 4 biods) 0 81.6 433.8 TXL
(Servers:) 0 81.6 423.3 TXL
( DECsystem 5100, ULTRIX V4.1, 32 MB,) 0 81.6 412.8 TXL
( 25% bufcache, RZ57 disks, 16 nfsds) 0 81.6 402.3 TXL
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<02> 151.661 202.104 SY
<02> 190.618 231.768 SY
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<02> 266.592 346.032 SY
<02> 296.429 435.024 SY
<02> 303.744 471.168 SY
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% E9 is fills for incremental curves, while F9 for curve segments
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% save current point in global variable psx psy
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% string angle xpos ypos TXL -> print 'string' at pos xpos, ypos
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CURVE SMOOTHING %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Curve Smoothing Routines
% Ernest Wood - Wed Apr 16 09:05:05 1986
%
% These routines will ALWAYS create a smooth curve which
% intercepts EVERY point used to generate them.
%
% The definition qA determines the amount of overshoot smoothing
% produces around each point. The distance is the distance to the
% next point times aA. The factor qB scales the amount of overshoot
% by the acuteness of the angle around the point.
%
% These values make a square of points into a circle.
/qA .3 def % used in qx
/qB 1 def % used in afactor
/8a 8 array def
%
% Angle of vector from p0 to p1 p0 p1 polar ang
/polar{qs neg exch neg atan}def
%subtract and add points p0 p1 qs p0-p1
% p0 p1 qa p0+p1
/qs{exch 3 1 roll sub 3 1 roll sub exch}def
/qa{exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch}def
% Extract point from 8 point array
%
/Pt{2 mul dup 8a exch get exch 1 add 8a exch get}def
% a0 a1 mirrorang ma
% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
% p1 to p2 then ma is the mirror angle between p0-p1 and p1-p2.
% a0 a1 afactor f
% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
% p1 to p2 then f is the ratio of the inside angle between a0 and a1
% and 180 times qB. This ratio is saturated at 1 and if qB is 0 then
% the value returned is always 1. Thus the more acute the angle
% the smaller the value of f.
%
/mirrorang{2 copy add 2 div 3 1 roll sub 0 lt {90} {-90}ifelse add}def
/afactor{
qB 0 eq
{ 1 }
{sub abs dup 180 gt {360 exch sub} if 180 div qB mul
dup 1 gt {pop 1} if}
ifelse
}def
% a d xya x y
% Given angle a and distance d
% produce x and y offsets.
%
/xya{exch 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul}def
% p0 p1 p2 p3 qx pp1 pp2 pp3
% Given 4 points on a curve produce the pp# values needed by
% curveto to draw a smooth curve between p1 and p2. The slope
% of the curve at p1 and p2 will be perpendicular to the bisector
% of a angle between p0/p1/p2 or p1/p2/p3.
%
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8a astore pop
1 Pt 2 Pt qs len qA mul /dist exch def
1 Pt 0 Pt polar
1 Pt 2 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 1 Pt qa
2 Pt 3 Pt polar
2 Pt 1 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 2 Pt qa
2 Pt
}def
/qp{8 copy 16 -2 roll pop pop}def
/ns1{4 copy 4 -2 roll 2 copy qa 4 2 roll qs 6 2 roll /ns{ns2}def }def
/ns2{qp qx curveto}def
% User definitions for curve smoothing routines.
% First (ms), intermediate (ns), and last points with (fs) and
% without (nsfs) automatic stroke execution.
%
/ms{2 copy newpath moveto /ns{ns1}def}def
/ns{ns1}def
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457.152 164.736 ns
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533.587 193.392 ns
571.949 221.976 ns
576.979 230.76 ns
589.555 228.024 ns
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/len {dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt}def
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CURVE SMOOTHING %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Curve Smoothing Routines
% Ernest Wood - Wed Apr 16 09:05:05 1986
%
% These routines will ALWAYS create a smooth curve which
% intercepts EVERY point used to generate them.
%
% The definition qA determines the amount of overshoot smoothing
% produces around each point. The distance is the distance to the
% next point times aA. The factor qB scales the amount of overshoot
% by the acuteness of the angle around the point.
%
% These values make a square of points into a circle.
/qA .3 def % used in qx
/qB 1 def % used in afactor
/8a 8 array def
%
% Angle of vector from p0 to p1 p0 p1 polar ang
/polar{qs neg exch neg atan}def
%subtract and add points p0 p1 qs p0-p1
% p0 p1 qa p0+p1
/qs{exch 3 1 roll sub 3 1 roll sub exch}def
/qa{exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch}def
% Extract point from 8 point array
%
/Pt{2 mul dup 8a exch get exch 1 add 8a exch get}def
% a0 a1 mirrorang ma
% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
% p1 to p2 then ma is the mirror angle between p0-p1 and p1-p2.
% a0 a1 afactor f
% If a0 is the angle from p1 to p0 and a1 is the angle from
% p1 to p2 then f is the ratio of the inside angle between a0 and a1
% and 180 times qB. This ratio is saturated at 1 and if qB is 0 then
% the value returned is always 1. Thus the more acute the angle
% the smaller the value of f.
%
/mirrorang{2 copy add 2 div 3 1 roll sub 0 lt {90} {-90}ifelse add}def
/afactor{
qB 0 eq
{ 1 }
{sub abs dup 180 gt {360 exch sub} if 180 div qB mul
dup 1 gt {pop 1} if}
ifelse
}def
% a d xya x y
% Given angle a and distance d
% produce x and y offsets.
%
/xya{exch 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul}def
% p0 p1 p2 p3 qx pp1 pp2 pp3
% Given 4 points on a curve produce the pp# values needed by
% curveto to draw a smooth curve between p1 and p2. The slope
% of the curve at p1 and p2 will be perpendicular to the bisector
% of a angle between p0/p1/p2 or p1/p2/p3.
%
/qx{
8a astore pop
1 Pt 2 Pt qs len qA mul /dist exch def
1 Pt 0 Pt polar
1 Pt 2 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 1 Pt qa
2 Pt 3 Pt polar
2 Pt 1 Pt polar
2 copy mirrorang
3 1 roll afactor dist mul
xya 2 Pt qa
2 Pt
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190.618 231.768 ns
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266.592 346.032 ns
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150.355 142.056 ns
190.003 142.272 ns
228.691 159.12 ns
266.227 171.144 ns
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385.498 242.424 ns
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189.216 192.672 ns
227.424 205.848 ns
265.094 233.856 ns
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190.003 142.128 ns
227.098 146.808 ns
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305.318 175.68 ns
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305.146 135.36 ns
350.688 142.704 ns
387.725 152.136 ns
420.845 168.696 ns
456.864 178.272 ns
500.755 189.72 ns
534.067 203.472 ns
560.794 233.784 ns
573.581 230.04 ns
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189.216 164.448 ns
227.386 176.184 ns
266.227 183.6 ns
303.283 191.304 ns
348.192 207.216 ns
380.256 233.856 ns
418.368 250.776 ns
447.168 262.296 ns
464.448 271.584 ns
471.302 273.384 ns
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190.061 117.648 ns
227.578 122.688 ns
266.669 129.816 ns
305.03 133.56 ns
350.784 143.496 ns
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457.152 164.736 ns
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