padget@ilog.ilog.fr (Julian Padget) (09/12/89)
This may be old news, but I had problems linking emacs in the above
environment. There were three undefined symbols:
flag_fpa
float_loc
fpa_loc
found during linking. I could not find their definitions in any of
the system libraries, so I decided to define them in crt0.c. Three
lines of assembler have been added and two modified.
I am not sure that it is a correction of the problem, but what I did
was sufficient to link successfully and the resulting image seems to
work satisfactorily.
Appended is the revised crt0.c for you to diff with your sources.
--Julian Padget.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* C code startup routine.
Copyright (C) 1985, 1986 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
NO WARRANTY
BECAUSE THIS PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, WE PROVIDE ABSOLUTELY
NO WARRANTY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE STATE LAW. EXCEPT
WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING, FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION, INC,
RICHARD M. STALLMAN AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THIS PROGRAM "AS IS"
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY
AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW WILL RICHARD M.
STALLMAN, THE FREE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION, INC., AND/OR ANY OTHER PARTY
WHO MAY MODIFY AND REDISTRIBUTE THIS PROGRAM AS PERMITTED BELOW, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST MONIES, OR
OTHER SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR
DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY THIRD PARTIES OR
A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS) THIS
PROGRAM, EVEN IF YOU HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY.
GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TO COPY
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of this source file
as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy a valid copyright notice "Copyright
(C) 1986 Free Software Foundation, Inc."; and include following the
copyright notice a verbatim copy of the above disclaimer of warranty
and of this License.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of this source file or
any portion of it, and copy and distribute such modifications under
the terms of Paragraph 1 above, provided that you also do the following:
a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
that you changed the files and the date of any change; and
b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish,
that in whole or in part contains or is a derivative of this
program or any part thereof, to be licensed at no charge to all
third parties on terms identical to those contained in this
License Agreement (except that you may choose to grant more extensive
warranty protection to some or all third parties, at your option).
c) You may charge a distribution fee for the physical act of
transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
protection in exchange for a fee.
Mere aggregation of another unrelated program with this program (or its
derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
the other program under the scope of these terms.
3. You may copy and distribute this program (or a portion or derivative
of it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal
shipping charge) a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the
corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
For an executable file, complete source code means all the source code for
all modules it contains; but, as a special exception, it need not include
source code for modules which are standard libraries that accompany the
operating system on which the executable file runs.
4. You may not copy, sublicense, distribute or transfer this program
except as expressly provided under this License Agreement. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, sublicense, distribute or transfer this program is void and
your rights to use the program under this License agreement shall be
automatically terminated. However, parties who have received computer
software programs from you with this License Agreement will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. If you wish to incorporate parts of this program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the Free
Software Foundation at 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139. We have not yet
worked out a simple rule that can be stated here, but we will often permit
this. We will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of
software.
In other words, you are welcome to use, share and improve this program.
You are forbidden to forbid anyone else to use, share and improve
what you give them. Help stamp out software-hoarding! */
/* The standard Vax 4.2 Unix crt0.c cannot be used for Emacs
because it makes `envron' an initialized variable.
It is easiest to have a special crt0.c on all machines
though I don't know whether other machines actually need it. */
/* On the vax and 68000, in BSD4.2 and USG5.2,
this is the data format on startup:
(vax) ap and fp are unpredictable as far as I know; don't use them.
sp -> word containing argc
word pointing to first arg string
[word pointing to next arg string]... 0 or more times
0
Optionally:
[word pointing to environment variable]... 1 or more times
...
0
And always:
first arg string
[next arg string]... 0 or more times
*/
/* On the 16000, at least in the one 4.2 system I know about,
the initial data format is
sp -> word containing argc
word containing argp
word pointing to first arg string, and so on as above
*/
#include "config.h"
/* ******** WARNING ********
Do not insert any data definitions before data_start!
Since this is the first file linked, the address of the following
variable should correspond to the start of initialized data space.
On some systems this is a constant that is independent of the text
size for shared executables. On others, it is a function of the
text size. In short, this seems to be the most portable way to
discover the start of initialized data space dynamically at runtime,
for either shared or unshared executables, on either swapping or
virtual systems. It only requires that the linker allocate objects
in the order encountered, a reasonable model for most Unix systems.
Similarly, note that the address of _start() should be the start
of text space. Fred Fish, UniSoft Systems Inc. */
int data_start = 0;
#ifdef NEED_ERRNO
int errno;
#endif
#ifndef DONT_NEED_ENVIRON
char **environ;
#endif
#if defined(orion) || defined(pyramid) || defined(celerity) || defined(ALLIANT) || defined(clipper)
#ifdef ALLIANT
/* _start must initialize _curbrk and _minbrk on the first startup;
when starting up after dumping, it must initialize them to what they were
before the dumping, since they are in the shared library and
are not dumped. See ADJUST_EXEC_HEADER in m-alliant.h. */
extern unsigned char *_curbrk, *_minbrk;
extern unsigned char end;
unsigned char *_setbrk = &end;
#endif
#ifndef DUMMIES
#define DUMMIES
#endif
_start (DUMMIES argc, argv, envp)
int argc;
char **argv, **envp;
{
#ifdef ALLIANT
_curbrk = _setbrk;
_minbrk = _setbrk;
#endif
environ = envp;
exit (main (argc, argv, envp));
}
#endif /* orion or pyramid or celerity or alliant or clipper */
#if defined (ns16000) && !defined (sequent) && !defined (UMAX)
_start ()
{
/* On 16000, _start pushes fp onto stack */
start1 ();
}
/* ignore takes care of skipping the fp value pushed in start. */
static
start1 (ignore, argc, argv)
int ignore;
int argc;
register char **argv;
{
environ = argv + argc + 1;
if (environ == *argv)
environ--;
exit (main (argc, argv, environ));
}
#endif /* ns16000, not sequent and not UMAX */
#ifdef UMAX
_start()
{
asm(" exit [] # undo enter");
asm(" .set exitsc,1");
asm(" .set sigcatchall,0x400");
asm(" .globl _exit");
asm(" .globl start");
asm(" .globl __start");
asm(" .globl _main");
asm(" .globl _environ");
asm(" .globl _sigvec");
asm(" .globl sigentry");
asm("start:");
asm(" br .xstart");
asm(" .org 0x20");
asm(" .double p_glbl,0,0xf00000,0");
asm(" .org 0x30");
asm(".xstart:");
asm(" adjspb $8");
asm(" movd 8(sp),0(sp) # argc");
asm(" addr 12(sp),r0");
asm(" movd r0,4(sp) # argv");
asm("L1:");
asm(" movd r0,r1");
asm(" addqd $4,r0");
asm(" cmpqd $0,0(r1) # null args term ?");
asm(" bne L1");
asm(" cmpd r0,0(4(sp)) # end of 'env' or 'argv' ?");
asm(" blt L2");
asm(" addqd $-4,r0 # envp's are in list");
asm("L2:");
asm(" movd r0,8(sp) # env");
asm(" movd r0,@_environ # indir is 0 if no env ; not 0 if env");
asm(" movqd $0,tos # setup intermediate signal handler");
asm(" addr @sv,tos");
asm(" movzwd $sigcatchall,tos");
asm(" jsr @_sigvec");
asm(" adjspb $-12");
asm(" jsr @_main");
asm(" adjspb $-12");
asm(" movd r0,tos");
asm(" jsr @_exit");
asm(" adjspb $-4");
asm(" addr @exitsc,r0");
asm(" svc");
asm(" .align 4 # sigvec arg");
asm("sv:");
asm(" .double sigentry");
asm(" .double 0");
asm(" .double 0");
asm(" .comm p_glbl,1");
}
#endif /* UMAX */
#ifdef CRT0_DUMMIES
/* Define symbol "start": here; some systems want that symbol. */
#ifdef DOT_GLOBAL_START
asm(" .text ");
asm(" .globl start ");
asm(" start: ");
#endif /* DOT_GLOBAL_START */
#ifdef NODOT_GLOBAL_START
asm(" text ");
asm(" global start ");
asm(" start: ");
#endif /* NODOT_GLOBAL_START */
_start ()
{
/* On vax, nothing is pushed here */
/* On sequent, bogus fp is pushed here */
start1 ();
}
static
start1 (CRT0_DUMMIES argc, xargv)
int argc;
char *xargv;
{
register char **argv = &xargv;
environ = argv + argc + 1;
if ((char *)environ == xargv)
environ--;
exit (main (argc, argv, environ));
}
#else /* not CRT0_DUMMIES */
/* "m68k" and "m68000" both stand for m68000 processors,
but with different program-entry conventions.
This is a kludge. Now that the CRT0_DUMMIES mechanism above exists,
most of these machines could use the vax code above
with some suitable definition of CRT0_DUMMIES.
Then the symbol m68k could be flushed.
But I don't want to risk breaking these machines
in a version 17 patch release, so that change is being put off. */
#ifdef m68k /* Can't do it all from C */
asm (" global _start");
asm (" text");
asm ("_start:");
#ifndef NU
#ifdef STRIDE
asm (" comm havefpu%,2");
#else /* m68k, not STRIDE */
asm (" comm splimit%,4");
#endif /* STRIDE */
asm (" global exit");
asm (" text");
#ifdef STRIDE
asm (" trap &3");
asm (" mov.w %d0,havefpu%");
#else /* m68k, not STRIDE */
asm (" mov.l %d0,splimit%");
#endif /* STRIDE */
#endif /* not NU */
asm (" jsr start1");
asm (" mov.l %d0,(%sp)");
asm (" jsr exit");
asm (" mov.l &1,%d0"); /* d0 = 1 => exit */
asm (" trap &0");
#else /* m68000, not m68k */
#ifdef m68000
#ifdef ISI68K
/* Added by ESM Sun May 24 12:44:02 1987 to get new ISI library to work */
#ifdef BSD4_3
static foo () {
#endif
asm (" .globl is68020");
asm ("is68020:");
#ifndef BSD4_3
asm (" .long 0x00000000");
asm (" .long 0xffffffff");
/* End of stuff added by ESM */
#endif
asm (" .text");
asm (" .globl __start");
asm ("__start:");
asm (" .word 0");
asm (" link fp,#0");
asm (" jbsr _start1");
asm (" unlk fp");
asm (" rts");
#ifdef BSD4_3
}
#endif
#else /* not ISI68K */
_start ()
{
/* On 68000, _start pushes a6 onto stack */
start1 ();
}
#endif /* not ISI68k */
#endif /* m68000 */
#endif /* m68k */
#if defined(m68k) || defined(m68000)
/* ignore takes care of skipping the a6 value pushed in start. */
static
#if defined(m68k)
start1 (argc, xargv)
#else
start1 (ignore, argc, xargv)
#endif
int argc;
char *xargv;
{
register char **argv = &xargv;
environ = argv + argc + 1;
if ((char *)environ == xargv)
environ--;
exit (main (argc, argv, environ));
}
#endif /* m68k or m68000 */
#endif /* not CRT0_DUMMIES */
#ifdef hp9000s300
int argc_value;
char **argv_value;
#ifdef OLD_HP_ASSEMBLER
asm(" text");
asm(" globl __start");
asm(" globl _exit");
asm(" globl _main");
asm("__start");
asm(" dc.l 0");
asm(" subq.w #0x1,d0");
asm(" move.w d0,float_loc");
asm(" move.l 0x4(a7),d0");
asm(" beq.s skip_1");
asm(" move.l d0,a0");
asm(" clr.l -0x4(a0)");
asm("skip_1");
asm(" move.l a7,a0");
asm(" subq.l #0x8,a7");
asm(" move.l (a0),(a7)");
asm(" move.l (a0),_argc_value");
asm(" addq.l #0x4,a0");
asm(" move.l a0,0x4(a7)");
asm(" move.l a0,_argv_value");
asm("incr_loop");
asm(" tst.l (a0)+");
asm(" bne.s incr_loop");
asm(" move.l 0x4(a7),a1");
asm(" cmp.l (a1),a0");
asm(" blt.s skip_2");
asm(" subq.l #0x4,a0");
asm("skip_2");
asm(" move.l a0,0x8(a7)");
asm(" move.l a0,_environ");
asm(" jsr _main");
asm(" addq.l #0x8,a7");
asm(" move.l d0,-(a7)");
asm(" jsr _exit");
asm(" move.w #0x1,d0");
asm(" trap #0x0");
asm(" comm float_soft,4");
/* float_soft is allocated in this way because C would
put an underscore character in its name otherwise. */
#else /* new hp assembler */
asm(" text");
asm(" global __start");
asm(" global _exit");
asm(" global _main");
asm("__start:");
asm(" byte 0,0,0,0");
asm(" subq.w &1,%d0");
asm(" mov.w %d0,float_soft");
asm(" mov.w %d1,flag_fpa");
#ifndef HPUX_68010
asm(" beq.b skip_float");
asm(" fmov.l &0x7480,%fpcr");
#endif /* HPUX_68010 */
asm("skip_float:");
asm(" subx.w %d1,%d1");
asm(" mov.w %d1,flag_68010");
asm(" mov.l 4(%a7),%d0");
asm(" beq.b skip_1");
asm(" mov.l %d0,%a0");
asm(" clr.l -4(%a0)");
asm("skip_1:");
asm(" mov.l %a7,%a0");
asm(" subq.l &8,%a7");
asm(" mov.l (%a0),(%a7)");
asm(" mov.l (%a0),_argc_value");
asm(" addq.l &4,%a0");
asm(" mov.l %a0,4(%a7)");
asm(" mov.l %a0,_argv_value");
asm("incr_loop:");
asm(" tst.l (%a0)+");
asm(" bne.b incr_loop");
asm(" mov.l 4(%a7),%a1");
asm(" cmp.l %a0,(%a1)");
asm(" blt.b skip_2");
asm(" subq.l &4,%a0");
asm("skip_2:");
asm(" mov.l %a0,8(%a7)");
asm(" mov.l %a0,_environ");
asm(" jsr _main");
asm(" addq.l &8,%a7");
asm(" mov.l %d0,-(%a7)");
asm(" jsr _exit");
asm(" mov.w &1,%d0");
asm(" trap &0");
asm(" comm float_soft, 4");
asm(" comm flag_68881, 4");
asm(" comm flag_68010, 4");
asm(" comm flag_fpa, 4");
asm(" comm fpa_loc, 4");
asm(" comm float_loc, 4");
#endif /* new hp assembler */
#endif /* hp9000s300 */
#ifdef GOULD
/* startup code has to be in near text rather
than fartext as allocated by the C compiler. */
asm(" .text");
asm(" .align 2");
asm(" .globl __start");
asm(" .text");
asm("__start:");
/* setup base register b1 (function base). */
asm(" .using b1,.");
asm(" tpcbr b1");
/* setup base registers b3 through b7 (data references). */
asm(" file basevals,b3");
/* setup base register b2 (stack pointer); it should be
aligned on a 8-word boundary; but because it is pointing
to argc, its value should be remembered (in r5). */
asm(" movw b2,r4");
asm(" movw b2,r5");
asm(" andw #~0x1f,r4");
asm(" movw r4,b2");
/* allocate stack frame to do some work. */
asm(" subea 16w,b2");
/* initialize signal catching for UTX/32 1.2; this is
necessary to make restart from saved image work. */
asm(" movea sigcatch,r1");
asm(" movw r1,8w[b2]");
asm(" svc #1,#150");
/* setup address of argc for start1. */
asm(" movw r5,8w[b2]");
asm(" func #1,_start1");
asm(" halt");
/* space for ld to store base register initial values. */
asm(" .align 5");
asm("basevals:");
asm(" .word __base3,__base4,__base5,__base6,__base7");
static
start1 (xargc)
int *xargc;
{
register int argc;
register char **argv;
argc = *xargc;
argv = (char **)(xargc) + 1;
environ = argv + argc + 1;
if (environ == argv)
environ--;
exit (main (argc, argv, environ));
}
#endif /* GOULD */
#ifdef elxsi
extern int errno;
extern char **environ;
_start()
{
register int r;
errno = 0;
environ = *(&environ + 8);
_stdinit();
r = main(*(&environ + 6), *(&environ + 7), environ);
exit(r);
_exit(r);
}
#endif /* elxsi */
#ifdef sparc
asm (".global __start");
asm (".text");
asm ("__start:");
asm (" mov 0, %fp");
asm (" ld [%sp + 64], %o0");
asm (" add %sp, 68, %o1");
asm (" sll %o0, 2, %o2");
asm (" add %o2, 4, %o2");
asm (" add %o1, %o2, %o2");
asm (" sethi %hi(_environ), %o3");
asm (" st %o2, [%o3+%lo(_environ)]");
asm (" andn %sp, 7, %sp");
asm (" call _main");
asm (" sub %sp, 24, %sp");
asm (" call __exit");
asm (" nop");
#endif /* sparc */