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From the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts, April 1, 1988.
Enclosed is the Table of Contents and items of possible to
Molecular Biologists.
Jim Cassatt
--------------------------------------------------------------
Vol. 17, No. 12, April 1, 1988
NOTICES
EXPEDITED REVIEW OF FELLOWSHIP APPLICATIONS ..............(84/131).......... 1
Division of Research Grants
Index: DIVISION OF RESEARCH GRANTS
CLINICAL CENTERS FOR A REGISTRY OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CONGENITAL
DEFICIENCY OF ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN .........................(134/211)......... 1
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Index: HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD
PHS GRANT APPLICATION FORM 398--REMINDERS ................(214/237)......... 2
National Institutes of Health
Index: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
HUMAN LIVER FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION .................(241/272)......... 3
National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Index: DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES
DATED ANNOUNCEMENTS (RFPs AND RFAs)
THE PRETHROMBOTIC STATE IN MALIGNANCY (RFA) ........(278/328, 1204/1576).... 3
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Index: HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD
IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS INVOLVED IN BLADDER
CARCINOGENESIS (RFA) ...............................(331/499, 1579/2173).... 4
National Cancer Institute
Index: CANCER
ONGOING PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENTS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. SCIENTISTS TO STUDY IN JAPANESE INSTITUTIONS (PA) ... 6
Fogarty International Center (505/621)
Index: FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER
RESEARCH ON OSTEOARTHRITIS (PA) ....................(624/765)............... 7
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
Index: ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES
ASSOCIATION OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES WITH HIV
POSITIVITY AND AIDS ................................(768/913)............... 9
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
Index: ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND THE MAMMALIAN SEX CHROMOSOMES AND AGING .(916/1144).. 11
National Institute on Aging and
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Index: AGING; CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
NOTICES
EXPEDITED REVIEW OF FELLOWSHIP APPLICATIONS
P.T. 22; K.W. 0720005, 1014002
Division of Research Grants
Currently, the review and award cycle for the National Research Service Award
Individual fellowship (F32) takes approximately 8 months. Reducing this time
would be beneficial for applicants, because in the early stages of their
careers, they often need the assurance of future fellowship support before
moving to new positions or planning for the future. Similarly, sponsors of
fellows need to know whether support would be available to continue their
research training efforts.
Based on the recommendations of several Division of Research Grant (DRG)
committees, changes are being made to expedite the review of individual
fellowship applications. These changes include streamlining of the receipt
and referral of applications, and abbreviation of the summary statement. The
changes should decrease the time required for review by approximately 2
months.
With the changes in the receipt and referral procedures that have been
initiated, the work of the study section (administrative review of the
applications, assignment to reviewers, formation of committees, and mailing of
applications) can be initiated at an earlier time. In addition, a simplified
evaluation format will be introduced, which will include only evaluative
statements regarding the candidate, the scientific merit and training
potential of the research proposal, the training resources and environment,
and a resume. This simplified review or assessment form will not only ease
the burden for reviewers, but also permit more rapid preparation of summary
statements.
Letters of reference should accompany the application at the time of
submission to facilitate the process. DRG has notified potential applicants
through the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts (Vol. 17, No. 10, March 18,
1988), that at least three completed, sealed letters of reference must be
submitted with each individual fellowship application, beginning with the May
10, 1988 receipt date. These procedures will save time in processing
applications and ensure that the required information is included with the
application.
The accelerated review of fellowship applications also will require a new
schedule of study section meeting dates. Under the proposed changes, study
section meetings for the January 10, May 10, and September 10 receipt dates
(which will remain unchanged) will take place in late March/April, mid July,
and mid November, respectively. Summary statements will be completed by May,
August, and December, respectively, and the entire initial review cycle will
be reduced approximately 2 months.
PHS GRANT APPLICATION FORM 398--REMINDERS
P.T. 34; K.W. 0710030, 1014002
National Institutes of Health
The newly revised form PHS 398 (dated 9/86) must be used by all NRSA
Institutional Training Grant applicants. This requirement started with the
January 10, 1988 receipt date. The revised form must also be used by all
research grant applicants. This requirement starts with the February 1, 1988
receipt date. THE PAGE LIMITATIONS INDICATED IN THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE 9/86
REVISION MUST BE OBSERVED. ANY APPLICATION SUBMITTED ON ANY VERSION OF THE
PHS 398 OTHER THAN THE 9/86 REVISION WILL BE RETURNED WITHOUT REVIEW, AS WILL
APPLICATIONS THAT EXCEED THE PAGE LIMITS SPECIFIED IN THE PHS 398 INSTRUCTIONS
OR SUPPLEMENTAL INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO A PARTICULAR PROGRAM.
It is important to submit legible copies of the application. The original
pages of the PHS 398 form, printed in orange ink, should be used. However, if
these pages are not reproducible by any copying machine available to your
institution, you may substitute the draft pages of the form (which are in
black ink) after deleting the words "Remove and Use for Draft Copy" in the
margin. DO NOT SUBSTITUTE THE 5/82 VERSION OF THE PHS 398 form. An
application will be considered incomplete and returned if the original and all
copies are not legible.
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DATED ANNOUNCEMENTS (RFPs AND RFAs)
IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS INVOLVED IN BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS
RFA AVAILABLE: 88-CA-05
P.T. 34; K.W. 0705075, 0715035, 1002058, 1002008, 1003012, 0710030
National Cancer Institute
Application Receipt Date: July 7, 1988
The Organ Systems Program, through the National Cancer Institute (NCI),
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, invites grant applications from
organizations which are capable of developing multi-disciplinary research
programs involving specialists in molecular biology, chemical carcinogenesis
and organic chemistry. The major goal of this initiative is to increase
understanding of the genetic alterations underlying multistage chemical
carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder. A renewed experimental approach to
this goal is made possible by recent successes in developing molecular,
cellular, and in vivo systems for the exploration of urinary bladder
carcinogenesis. There is a unique opportunity to integrate these areas of
research in efforts to achieve the following specific objectives: (1)
determine which alterations (mutations, translocations, amplifications) in
known cellular proto-oncogenes are important in multi-stage bladder
carcinogenesis in experimental systems; (2) identify genes which might be
involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancers; (3) use cytogenetic studies
to provide clues to the molecular alterations in bladder cancer cells; (4)
determine the mechanisms by which carcinogens activate proto-oncogenes in
bladder tumorigenesis; and (5) determine the roles and timing of genetic
changes during the multi-stage development of bladder neoplasia.
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
This RFA is intended to initiate studies of the bladder in organizations which
are already contributing significantly to research in molecular biology. An
organization with a molecular biology laboratory, which can establish
associations with research efforts in chemical carcinogenesis and bladder
cancer, is encouraged to respond to this RFA. At the time of submission, core
support for molecular biology, qualified investigators, technical expertise
and facilities should exist in the organizations which respond to this RFA.
The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate research on molecular genetic
and cytogenetic mechanisms of bladder carcinogenesis. Several model systems
already exist for studying chemical carcinogenesis in the mammalian urinary
bladder. Responses to this RFA might incorporate such systems, e.g., make use
of models for multi-stage transformation. Other systems might be developed
which could facilitate experimental approaches to understanding how genetic
alterations are involved in the genesis and development of bladder tumors.
Either animal or cell culture models (human or rodent) could be used, as long
as the system studied has well defined biologic endpoints.
Highest priority should be placed on approaches which are likely to provide
detailed molecular information pertinent to bladder tumor induction. Attempts
might be made to elicit biologic responses with metabolites of carcinogens
which are subject to metabolic activation in urinary bladder cells, as for
example N-hydroxyarylamine derivatives. This would avoid the possibility that
the target bladder cells could respond because of inadequate levels of
N-oxidation potential. It is envisioned that it should be possible to employ
DNA vectors which carry the potential for eliciting cellular transformation,
e.g., proto-oncogenes, when modified by carcinogens. This approach should
permit the direct exploration of biologic responses to carcinogens introduced
into the DNA at single, specific sites, following transfection into mammalian
cells.
Transformed cells should be analyzed for alterations in cellular genes thought
to be important in the neoplastic process. This would involve analysis of
isolated DNA and the use of in situ hybridization techniques. The technology
employed should be able to detect base substitutions, frameshifts,
translocations, amplifications and loss of genes (or their reduction to
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homozygosity). The altered expression of specific genes, in the apparent
absence of direct genetic alteration of the genes, might provide avenues of
investigation into alternative control sequences.
The proposed studies should represent a multi-disciplinary effort, possibly
involving collaboration among pathologists, molecular biologists, tumor
biologists, cytogeneticists, organic chemists and experts in chemical
carcinogenesis.
BACKGROUND
A search for activated cellular oncogenes in human bladder cancers has been
somewhat successful. The first activated ras gene was discovered in a human
bladder cancer cell line, and a subsequent search for such genes in fresh
clinical biopsies of human bladder cancers showed activated ras genes present
in about 10% of cases. Thus, the examination of bladder cancers with a view
to identifying additional activated genes is relevant and important.
Furthermore, the current association of ras with a small but significant
percentage of human bladder cancers deserves further investigation. Ras
activation has not been rigorously demonstrated to be causally associated with
the development of bladder cancer. Also, the stage in development of bladder
cancer at which ras might be activated has not been identified. Since bladder
cancers are typically multi-stage, this information has possible relevance to
understanding the etiology of the disease, and to developing molecular markers
for diagnosis and prognosis.
Bladder urothelium is a useful tissue system for studies of multi-step
chemical carcinogenesis because development of bladder cancer is
characteristically multistage in nature. Epidemiologic evidence associates an
increased risk for bladder cancer with exposure to environmental chemicals,
particularly exposure to compounds which are classified as aromatic amines.
Tumors have been induced using several important classes of chemical
carcinogens including nitrosoureas, nitrofurans, polycyclic hydrocarbons and
arylamines. Excellent rodent model systems have been developed to study the
pathogenesis of bladder cancers induced by such carcinogens. These models
have special advantages for study of the activation of cellular
proto-oncogenes. For example, tumors of different grades and stages and of
different histopathologies are obtained with these systems, and an analysis of
such tumors could be useful for correlating molecular change with tumor
pathology.
ELIGIBILITY
Applications must be responsive to the program goals of this RFA. Applicant
organizations are required to have an active program in research in molecular
genetics and to have the capacity for establishing liaison with investigators
involved in research in chemical carcinogenesis, organic chemistry and bladder
cancer. The applicant organization should be involved in treating bladder
cancer patients or have the capacity to establish liaison with such an
organization.
APPLICATION SUBMISSION AND REVIEW
This RFA solicitation is a single competition and has one specific deadline
for receipt of applications. All applications responsive to this RFA will be
reviewed according to the stated RFA review criteria by an appropriate peer
review group composed primarily of non-Federal experts and set up by the
Division of Extramural Activities, National Cancer Institute. Applications
will be reviewed in competition with each other on a nationwide basis. A
second review will be provided by the National Cancer Advisory Board.
A potential applicant organization is encouraged, but is not required, to
submit a letter of intent and is encouraged to consult with NCI staff by
telephone before submitting. The letter of intent is requested by May 6,
1988. It will not enter into the review of an application submitted in
response to this RFA.
MECHANISM OF SUPPORT
The mechanism of support for this program is the NIH investigator-initiated
research grant (RO1). This type of solicitation is used when the NCI, with
concurrence of a Board of Scientific Counselors, wishes to stimulate
investigator interest in an important and opportune area of research. Awards
can be made to non-profit and profit organizations. An applicant organization
may apply for a period of support of up to three years under this RFA.
Contingent upon the continued availability of funds and dependent upon the
receipt of a sufficient number of applications of high scientific merit, it is
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anticipated that five awards will be made at an overall annual total cost of
approximately $650,000.
The RFA label (found in the 9/86 revision of application form PHS 398) must be
affixed to the bottom of the face page of the original copy of the
application. Failure to use this label could result in delayed processing of
your application such that it will not reach the review committee in time for
review.
Requests for copies of the RFA in its expanded form should be addressed to:
William E. Straile, Ph.D.
Cancer Centers Branch
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control
National Cancer Institute
Blair Building, Room 727
8300 Colesville Road
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4200
Telephone (301) 427-8818
ONGOING PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENTS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. SCIENTISTS TO STUDY IN JAPANESE INSTITUTIONS
P.T. 22, 48; K.W. 0720005, 0404000, 0710030
Fogarty International Center
The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) recently established a
postdoctoral research fellowship program in the biomedical sciences for U.S.
scientists. The purpose of these fellowships is to provide a research
experience in the biomedical and behavioral sciences in Japanese laboratories.
The types of activity supported by this program include collaboration in basic
or clinical research, and familiarization with or utilization of special
techniques and equipment not otherwise available to the applicant. The
program does not provide support for activities that have as their principal
purpose brief observational visits, attendance at scientific meetings, or
independent study.
The Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, selects
candidates for the program which is administered by the JSPS.
ELIGIBILITY
Applicants for the program must meet the following requirements:
o be a U.S. citizen or permanent U.S. resident,
o hold a doctorate in one of the clinical, behavioral or biomedical
sciences,
o be 35 years or younger at the start of the fellowship tenure.
o make prior arrangements with the Japanese host researcher as to
research plan.
SUPPORT
The JSPS will provide the following support:
o monthly subsistence allowance of 270,000 yen;
o monthly family allowance of 50,000 yen;
o monthly housing allowance not to exceed 100,000 yen;
o relocation allowance of 200,000 yen;
o roundtrip economy class air fare expenses
o in-transit travel allowance (transportation from Tokyo to
destination, it other than Tokyo);
o medical and accident insurance coverage for the fellow only;
o language training allowance not to exceed 500,000 yen.
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The Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture will provide a
research grant of up to 1.2 million yen to the fellow and sponsor to support
the research effort.
APPLICATION AND SELECTION
The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science has two mechanisms by which
U.S. scientists may apply for fellowships--through application to the Fogarty
International Center or through an application submitted to JSPS on behalf of
a U.S. scientist by a senior Japanese colleague.
A. Application Through the Fogarty International Center
Information and application kits are provided by the Fogarty International
Center and are available between December 1 and April 30. The deadline for
receipt of applications is May 10. Applications will be reviewed in the usual
manner for scientific merit by a study section of the Division of Research
Grants. The Fogarty International Center will transmit the applications of
recommended candidates to JSPS in October. The JSPS will notify candidates of
the results within two months of receiving recommendations from the Fogarty
International Center. Those applicants who were not recommended for
fellowships will be notified by the Fogarty International Center.
B. Nomination by Japanese Colleagues
The JSPS will accept nominations from senior Japanese scientists who wish to
invite U.S. scientists to their laboratories. U.S. scientists interested in
applying for a fellowship through this mechanism must contact their Japanese
colleagues for additional information.
DURATION OF FELLOWSHIP
Fellowships are awarded for a one-year period, but extensions may be
considered if recommended by the host institution and approved by the JSPS.
The starting date of the fellowship is set by mutual agreement between the
fellow and the host and must be within the twelve month period following the
date of the award.
INQUIRIES AND APPLICATION KITS
Additional information or application kits should be requested from:
Lynn M. Amende, Ph.D.
Program Officer
International Research and Awards Branch
Fogarty International Center
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Telephone: (301) 496-1653
Note: A similar JSPS postdoctoral research fellowship program for engineers
and scientists in disciplines other than biomedical, behavioral, and clinical
sciences is available through by the National Science Foundation. Information
and application kits may be obtained from:
Dr. Charles Wallace
or
Dr. Larry Weber
National Science Foundation
Washington, D.C. 20550
Telephone: (202) 357-9558
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF THE MAMMALIAN SEX CHROMOSOMES AND AGING
P.T. 34; K.W. 1002058, 0710010
National Institute on Aging and
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
INTRODUCTION
The National Institute on Aging (NIA) was established in 1974, to conduct and
support biomedical, behavioral and social research and training related to the
aging process and the diseases and other special problems and needs of the
aged. Consistent with this mandate, the Genetics and Molecular Biology
Programs of the Molecular and Cell Biology Branch of the NIA support research
on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of aging.
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) was
established in 1962, to conduct and support research and training on
biological and behavioral aspects of human development and reproduction. In
keeping with this mandate, the Reproductive Genetics and Immunology Program of
the Reproductive Sciences Branch (RSB) supports research and training on the
genetic aspects of sex determination, sex differentiation, gonadal
development, function and disorders.
The purpose of this Announcement is to encourage further research and training
activities, using modern methods of genetics and molecular biology, to
understand the nature and regulation of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes
of mammals and their potential relationship to the biology of aging. Insights
are expected to be gained on the nature of the aging process and the role of
the sex chromosomes in that process, and whether there is any genetic basis
for the observation that males, from fetus to adult, generally have a greater
frequency of mortality than females.
BACKGROUND
Recent advances in the use of molecular genetics techniques for mapping,
cloning and sequencing of genes on the mammalian sex chromosomes (the X and Y
chromosomes in humans) are providing insight into the functional roles of such
chromosomes. It is possible that such functions are related to the biological
process of aging.
Numerous genes have been located and studied on the human X chromosome.
Furthermore, specific inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in each
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female cell occurs early in fetal development; apparently this serves as a
dosage compensation mechanism, to avoid the deleterious effects seen with
excess X-chromosome expression. Recent evidence in rodents suggests that at
least some genes on these Lyonized chromosomes are reactivated in aged
animals. Also of interest is the recent finding that the active site subunit
of human DNA polymerase alpha, the major DNA polymerase required for DNA
replication and cell proliferation, is located on the X chromosome.
However, it is not known whether genes for DNA polymerase or other X-coded
proteins are re-activated during aging. Nor is it known whether late-onset
reactivation of inactive X-chromosomes is a protective mechanism for females,
thus contributing to their relative longevity.
Some genes coding for proteins involved in the immune response are known to be
located on the x-chromosome. Furthermore, auto-immune diseases are more
prevalent in women than in men, especially in later life. Thus, it is
possible that the decline in immune function is delayed in females and
contributes to the longevity differential.
While functional genes on the Y chromosome are yet to be demonstrated, there
appear to be Y-specific determinants of biological development, such as the
testicular determining factor region. Furthermore, a large family has been
found recently with an increased lifespan for males who carry a major deletion
of Y DNA.
It is certainly clear that among humans in modern societies males have a
higher frequency of mortality (from fetus to adult) than females.
Consequently, the ratio of males to females is about 1.15 among early human
fetuses, dropping to 1.06 at birth, and falling to 1.0 by age thirty in the
Caucasian population. Heart disease, lung cancer, alcoholism, and accidents
or violence are major factors in the higher mortality of males versus females.
Thus, the mean life expectancy at birth in industrialized societies is about
78 years for females and 71 years for males, leading to a predominance of
females among older persons (the ratio of males to females is predicted to
fall, to 0.7 among persons over age 65 and to 0.4 among those over age 85 by
the Twenty-first Century).
However, it is not known whether, in addition to known hormonal,
environmental, and social/behavioral influences, there is a more fundamental
genetic difference between men and women which influences longevity.
GOALS AND SCOPE
The goal of this announcement is to encourage research on the genes of the
mammalian sex chromosomes, to determine what genes and control functions are
present and which of them may be related to the process of biological aging.
The new techniques of genetics and molecular biology make possible the
isolation, sequencing and mapping of X and Y genes; they provide an
opportunity to determine the functions of such genes; and they provide ways to
examine the possible relationship of such genes to the causes of biological
aging. Such an understanding may provide insights into the fundamental nature
of aging, and into the basis for the observation that men at all ages, from
fetus to adult, have a shorter life expectancy than women.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Research and training grant applications are sought to test hypotheses and to
elucidate fundamental mechanisms of aging, using genetic and molecular
biological techniques in the study of the sex chromosomes of mammals,
including humans. Research is encouraged in, but not limited to, the
following areas:
1. Identify the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of mammals or human beings,
to map and sequence such genes, and to study their possible relationship to
the aging process.
2. Characterize the products encoded by the genes of the sex chromosomes, and
determine their potential role in aging.
3. Determine whether the subunits of the several known mammalian DNA
polymerases are encoded by DNA on the X chromosome, and how their expression
and function is controlled.
4. Define how extensive is the age-related reactivation of inactive X
chromosomes, in rodents and in other mammalian and human cells.
5. Determine whether immune function and its decline with age contribute to
the gender gap in longevity.
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6. Determine whether genes on the X or Y chromosomes are responsible for some
fraction of the greater life expectancy of females over males in society.
MECHANISMS OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH TRAINING SUPPORT
The primary mechanisms for support of this program are:
1. Research project grant.
2. Postdoctoral fellowship.
Additional mechanisms for support are:
1. First Independent Research Support and Transition Award, for newly
independent investigators; support ceiling of $350,000 over five years.
2. Physician Scientist Award, for clinically-trained investigators; support
ceiling of $40,000 per year for salary and up to $20,000 per year for
supplies, for a five-year period.
3. Research Career Development Award; up to $40,000 per year for salary, for
five years.
4. Institutional Training Grant, from NIA or as a supplemental position to
those from other Institutes, for aging- related research.
Applicants are encouraged to contact NIA or NICHD Staff for information and
advice regarding submission of proposals under this announcement.
REVIEW PROCEDURES AND FUNDING POLICY
According to standard referral guidelines, the NIH Division of Research Grants
will assign all applications to appropriate NIH study sections for initial
scientific review, and to the appropriate Institute or Division of NIH for
final review by its National Advisory Council or Board. Applications
submitted in response to this program announcement will compete with all grant
applications for funding consideration; there is no specific set-aside funding
for these applications.
METHOD OF APPLYING
Use the appropriate NIH research or research training grant application kit.
If your institution does not have them, copies may be obtained by calling (NIH
phone 301-496-7441) or by writing:
Office of Grant Inquiries
Division of Research Grants
National Institutes of Health
Westwood Building Room 449
5333 Westbard Avenue
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Please type the phrase, "NIA/NICHD Genetics Program Announcement" on the face
page, line 2, of the application, and enclose a cover letter indicating that
the application is in response to this NIA/NICHD announcement. Forward the
original and six (6) copies of the application to:
Division of Research Grants
National Institutes of Health
Westwood Building Room 449
Bethesda, Maryland 20892**
Applicants are encouraged to send a one-page letter of intent to the
appropriate NIA or NICHD Genetics or Molecular Biology Program at the address
indicated below. Please include the name of the principal investigator,
institutional address, title of application, and a descriptive title of the
application. A letter of intent is not binding, is not a requirement for
consideration, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application.
For projects proposing to study the genetic influence of sex chromosomes in
biological aging and longevity, please contact:
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Dr. Alan R. Price, Genetics Program Administrator, or
Dr. Huber R. Warner, Molecular Biology Program Administrator
Molecular and Cell Biology Branch
Building 31, Room 5C19
National Institute on Aging
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Telephone: (301) 496-6402
For projects proposing to study the genetic involvement of the sex chromosomes
in sex differentiation, gonadal development, or disorders thereof, please
contact:
Dr. Michael E. McClure
Head, Reproductive Genetics and
Immunology Program
Reproductive Sciences Branch
Center for Population Research
Landow Building, Room 7633
National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Telephone: (301) 496-6515
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