[bionet.molbio.bio-matrix] Susumu Ohno reference

bnevin@cch.bbn.com (04/15/88)

From: "Bruce E. Nevin" <bnevin@cch.bbn.com>

Anyone have a reference I can follow up for this intriguing story?

      January 1988 (AP)  Bored with tedious mathematical equations, a
      Japanese geneticist, Susumu Ohno, decided to convert the genetic
      patterns of living cells into musical notation.  He thought that
      listening to genetic codes, rather than staring at them, would
      make _patterns_ easier to detect.  In this process he discovered
      that genes not only carry the blueprint of life, they also carry a
      tune.

      Translated into sheet music, a portion of mouse ribonucleic acid
      sounds like a lively waltz, very similar to Chopin's Nocturne,
      Opus 55, No. 1.  The notes derived from the genetic codes are
      _not_ just random notes that some geneticists predicted [sic], but
      genuine music of the Baroque and Romantic eras, with an uncanny
      similarity to the works of great composers.

      Interestingly, the musical score derived from cancer cells sounds
      very somber, while the musical coding of the gene that gives
      transparency to the eye is filled with trills and flourishes, and
      is airy and light.  Mr. Ohno said, "What I think is at work here
      are underlying principles that govern the structure of many
      things--a gene, a birdsong, a musical composition."

What does this suggest about human pattern recognition, searching
strategies, and matrix interface design?

Bruce Nevin (bn@cch.bbn.com)

mike@MEDIA-LAB.MEDIA.MIT.EDU (04/15/88)

From: Michael Hawley <mike@MEDIA-LAB.MEDIA.MIT.EDU>

It gives testimonial to our ability to find interesting things
in oddball patterns.  It turns out that many data streams sound
interesting when hammered out as music.  e.g., playing straight ascii
text on a synthesizer sounds interesting because letter frequencies
in the source language color and define the tonality of the "music"
that results.  I've heard Ohno's genetic Chopin, and my immediated
impression was, he was using a pretty sophisticated strategy to map
genetic sequences to 10-finger melody+accompaniment piano scores.
I would suspect that Zipf's law (re: how so many human information-
organizing tasks exhibit 1/n-like frequency distributions)
is closer to the point than some kind of eternal golden braid
that ties together birdsongs, genes, and music.  Composers are
certainly allowed to take inspiration from all over, and they do,
so it should not be surprising to find that musical sequences often
bear a certain resemblance to other natural phenomena.

One very valuable aspect for scientific work is that, just as
visualizing data on good graphical workstations is a powerful
discovery tool, so is listening to it.