nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu (NL-KR Moderator Chris Welty) (04/07/89)
NL-KR Digest (Thu Apr 6 11:01:54 1989) Volume 6 No. 18 Today's Topics: Moderators Notes: N16 Buffalo Logic Colloquium Answer on Esperanto to Beutel CSLI Calendar, April 6, 4:21 Addition to Calendar Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.1.10] in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will not be promptly satisfied. If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead. --------------------------------------------------------- To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Thu, 6 Apr 89 11:00:12 EDT >From: weltyc@fs3.cs.rpi.edu (Christopher A. Welty) Subject: Moderators Notes: N16 For some reason, many people did not get #16 of this volume, so I sent it a second time, this means some may have gotten it twice or even three times. ----------------------------- To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Mon, 3 Apr 89 14:14:52 EDT >From: rapaport@cs.Buffalo.EDU (William J. Rapaport) Subject: Buffalo Logic Colloquium UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK BUFFALO LOGIC COLLOQUIUM GRADUATE GROUP IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE and GRADUATE RESEARCH INITIATIVE IN COGNITIVE AND LINGUISTIC SCIENCES PRESENT JACEK PASNICZEK Institute of Philosophy and Sociology Department of Logic Marie Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin, Poland FIRST- AND HIGHER-ORDER MEINONGIAN LOGIC Meinongian logic is a logic based on Alexius Meinong's ontological views. Meinong was an Austrian philosopher who lived and worked around the turn of the century. He is known as a creator of a very rich objec- tual ontology including non-existent objects, and even incomplete and impossible ones, e.g., "the round square". Such objects are formally treated by Meinongian logic. The Meinongian logic presented here (M- logic) is not the only Meinongian one: there are some other theories that are formalizations of Meinong's ontology and that may be considered as Meinongian logics (e.g., Parsons's, Zalta's, Rapaport's, and Jacquette's theories). But the distinctive feature of M-logic is that it is a very natural and straightforward extension of classical first- order logic--the only primitive symbols of the language of M-logic are those occurring in the first-order classical language. Individual con- stants and quantifiers are treated as expressions of the same category. This makes the syntax of M-logic close to natural-language syntax. M- logic is presented as an axiomatic system and as a semantical theory. Not only is first-order logic developed, but the higher-order M-logic as well. Wednesday, April 26, 1989 4:00 P.M. 684 Baldy Hall, Amherst Campus For further information, contact John Corcoran, Dept. of Philosophy, 716-636-2444, or Bill Rapaport, Dept. of Computer Science, 716-636-3193. ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Tue, 4 Apr 89 08:30:53 +0200 >From: Klaus Schubert <dlt1!schubert@nluug.nl> Phone: +31 30 911911 Telex: 40342 bso nl Subject: Answer on Esperanto to Beutel Dear David Beutel, I read your questions about the use of Esperanto as an intermediate language in the NL-KR Digest, Vol. 6, No. 16. Please note that one number before that I answered a similar question asked by someone else. See NL-KR Digest 6:15. Regards, Klaus Schubert schubert@dlt1.uucp ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Wed, 5 Apr 89 17:23:14 PDT >From: emma@csli.Stanford.EDU (Emma Pease) Subject: CSLI Calendar, April 6, 4:21 C S L I C A L E N D A R O F P U B L I C E V E N T S _____________________________________________________________________________ 6 April 1989 Stanford Vol. 4, No. 21 _____________________________________________________________________________ A weekly publication of The Center for the Study of Language and Information, Ventura Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 ____________ CSLI ACTIVITIES FOR THIS THURSDAY, 6 April 1989 1:00 p.m. TINLunch Cordura Hall Consciousness, Unconsciousness and Intentionality Conference Room John Searle 2:15 p.m. CSLI Seminar Cordura Hall Varieties of Context: Overview Conference Room (Abstract below) 3:30 p.m. Tea Ventura Hall ____________ CSLI ACTIVITIES FOR NEXT THURSDAY, 13 April 1989 2:15 p.m. CSLI Seminar Cordura Hall Varieties of Context: Session 2 Conference Room 3:30 p.m. Tea Ventura Hall ____________ ANNOUNCEMENT Please note that the TINLunch for this week is at 1:00 instead of the usual time of 12:00. ____________ CSLI SPRING SEMINAR SERIES Varieties of Context led by Jim Greeno, Brian Smith, Susan Stucky 2:15, Thursdays Even people who haven't been around CSLI realize the the word `I' can be used to refer to different people depending on circumstance. So why is such a fuss being made of this fact? There are two reasons. First, rather than view contextual dependence as a peripheral or complicating incident, recent theories of language have started to treat it as central and enabling---as a core phenomenon. Second, contextual dependence has been cited in other semantical fields, too: logic, psychology, computation, etc. In this seminar, we'll look at context in a wide range of examples---drawn from syntax, Tarskian satisfaction, the Mac interface, natural-language discourse, programming-language semantics, even mechanics. The goal is both to understand what is common among such cases, and also to see how they differ. Is context-dependence really a coherent phenomenon, to justify the single rallying cry? ____________ THIS WEEK'S TINLUNCH Consciousness, Unconsciousness and Intentionality John Searle Thursday, April 6, 1:00 Cordura Conference Room Professor Searle's view is that it is a mistake to try to account for mental phenomena without reference to consciousness---a mistake he believes most cognitive scientists and analytic philosophers make. At today's TINLunch he will examine some recent work in this tradition purported to have some bearing on questions of consciousness and discuss the notion of "unconscious mental process," which plays a crucial role in all such work. The postulation of these kinds of processes, Searle believes, is a result of the inability of the tradition to account for the subjectivity of conscious states. ____________ SYMBOLIC SYSTEMS FORUM What Does Hermeneutics have to do with Symbolic Systems? Terry Winograd Friday, 14 April, 3:15, 60:62N Over the past few years, I have participated in developing theories of language and meaning that differ in substantial ways from the mainstream of work in cognitive science, computer science, and analytic philosophy. One of the earlier traditions that has played a prominent role in this development is that of "phenomenological hermeneutics" as reflected in the writings of Heidegger, Gadamer, and others. These writings have not generally found a sympathetic listening among the community associated with "symbolic systems," and I often hear questions like: "What in the world does hermeneutics have to do with science? Does hermeneutics even make sense?" In the talk I will engage these questions by examining the deeper questions and assumptions that set the background in which they were framed. The invevitable conclusion will be that the answer to the question posed by the title is "Everything!" ____________ PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT COLLOQUIUM Aristotle on Practical Reasoning Christopher Taylor Corpus Christi College, Oxford Monday, 10 April, 5:15 90:92Q (Philosophy Department Seminar Room) ____________ CSLI PUBLICATIONS The CSLI Publications Office is pleased to announce the publication of two new titles. They can be bought at many academic bookstores including the Stanford Bookstore or can be ordered directly from the University of Chicago Press by phoning 1-800-621-2736, or by writing University of Chicago Press 11030 S. Langley Avenue Chicago, IL 60628 "The Situation in Logic" by Jon Barwise (336 pp.) Situation theory and situation semantics are recent approaches to language and information first formulated by Jon Barwise and John Perry in "Situations and Attitudes" (1983). The present volume collects some of Barwise's papers written since then, specifically those directly concerned with relations between logic, situation theory, and situation semantics. Several papers appear here for the first time. Cloth ISBN: 0-937-07333-4 $34.95 Paper ISBN: 0-937-07332-6 $14.95 and "Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar" by Mark Johnson (180 pp.) Because of the ease of their implementation, attribute value-based theories of grammar are becoming increasingly popular in theoretical linguistics as an alternative to transformational accounts, as well as in computational linguistics. Johnson provides a formal analysis of attribute value structures, of their use in a theory of grammar, of the representation of grammatical relations in such theories of grammar, and the implications of different representations. A classical treatment of disjunction is also included. Cloth ISBN: 0-937-07337-7 $37.50 Paper ISBN: 0-937-07336-9 $15.95 ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Tue, 4 Apr 89 12:47:45 PDT >From: emma@csli.Stanford.EDU (Emma Pease) Subject: Addition to Calendar Updated abstract for the Spring Seminar series. CSLI SPRING SEMINAR SERIES Varieties of Context Thursdays, 2:15 Even people who haven't been around CSLI realize the the word 'I' can be used to refer to different people depending on circumstance. So why is such a fuss being made of this fact? There are two reasons. First, rather than view contextual dependence as a peripheral or complicating incident, recent theories of language have started to treat it as central and enabling---as a core phenomenon. Second, contextual dependence has been cited in other semantical fields, too: logic, psychology, computation, etc. In this seminar, we'll look at context in a wide range of examples---drawn from syntax, Tarskian satisfaction, the Mac interface, natural-language discourse, programming-language semantics, even mechanics. The goal is both to understand what is common among such cases, and also to see how they differ. Is context-dependence really a coherent phenomenon, to justify the single rallying cry? ------------------------------ End of NL-KR Digest *******************
nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu (NL-KR Moderator Chris Welty) (04/08/89)
NL-KR Digest (Fri Apr 7 11:38:31 1989) Volume 6 No. 19 Today's Topics: KR'89 Conference Information Call for participation. Workshop at IJCAI-89 on Connectionist AI? Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.1.10] in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will not be promptly satisfied. If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead. --------------------------------------------------------- To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: rjb@allegra.att.com (Ron Brachman) Date: Fri, 7 Apr 89 10:53:50 EDT Subject: KR'89 Conference Information [[ Hope to meet many of you at this one -CW ]] KR'89: THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRINCIPLES OF KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION AND REASONING Monday, May 15, 1989 - Thursday, May 18, 1989 Royal York Hotel Toronto, Ontario, CANADA PLEASE NOTE: Conference brochures (with registration material) were mailed out several weeks ago to AAAI members, those who submitted papers to KR'89, and those who helped out with the conference. Apparently, not all of the brochures reached their final destinations. If you did not receive a brochure, or would like information about registration and accommodations, please contact Ray Reiter, at (416) 978-6324 or reiter@ai.toronto.edu. Registration material can be sent to you electronically. PLEASE REGISTER EARLY, AS SPACE IS LIMITED. Reduced fees for early registrants are available until April 14. Also please note that some of the paper titles and authors have changed since the brochure was printed. The titles and authors specified below are correct. KR'89 CONFERENCE SCHEDULE ======================================================================== SUNDAY, MAY 14 -- EVENING 7:00 Opening Reception Ballroom ======================================================================== ======================================================================== MONDAY, MAY 15 -- MORNING - -------------- Ontario Room: Nonmonotonic Reasoning I --------------- 9:00 A Simple Solution to the Yale Shooting Problem Andrew B. Baker -- Stanford University 9:35 Did Newton Solve the "Extended Prediction Problem"? Manny Rayner -- Swedish Institute of Computer Science 10:10 == break == 10:30 Defaults and Probabilities; Extensions and Coherence Eric Neufeld -- University of New Brunswick 11:05 Default Reasoning, Minimality and Coherence Hector Geffner -- University of California at Los Angeles 11:40 Impediments to Universal Preference-Based Default Theories Jon Doyle -- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Michael P. Wellman -- AFWAL/TXI, Wright-Patterson AFB - -------------- Ballroom: Taxonomic Representations; Natural Language-Oriented Representations ---------- 9:00 Terminological Knowledge Representation Systems Supporting N-Ary Terms James G. Schmolze -- Tufts University 9:35 Subsumption in KL-ONE is Undecidable Manfred Schmidt-Schauss -- Universitat Kaiserslautern 10:10 == break == 10:30 Taxonomic Syntax for First Order Inference David McAllester -- MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Bob Givan -- MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Tanveer Fatima -- MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 11:05 Ontological Assumptions in Knowledge Representation Graeme Hirst -- University of Toronto 11:40 An Episodic Knowledge Representation for Narrative Texts Lenhart K. Schubert -- University of Rochester Chung Hee Hwang -- University of Rochester ======================================================================== 12:15 - 2:00 LUNCH ======================================================================== MONDAY, MAY 15 -- AFTERNOON - -------------- Ontario Room: Metareasoning; Belief Revision -------- 2:00 Principles of Metareasoning Stuart Russell -- University of California at Berkeley Eric Wefald -- University of California at Berkeley 2:35 Tractable Decision-Analytic Control Oren Etzioni -- Carnegie-Mellon University 3:10 == break == 3:30 Belief, Metaphorically Speaking John A. Barnden -- New Mexico State University 4:05 A Knowledge Level Analysis of Belief Revision Bernhard Nebel -- IBM Deutschland GmbH 4:40 Formal Theories of Belief Revision Anand S. Rao -- The Australian AI Institute Norman Y. Foo -- University of Sydney - -------------- Ballroom: Symposium on Temporal Reasoning -------------- Temporal Reasoning in AI, Philosophy, and Theoretical Computer Science Organized and Moderated by Yoav Shoham, Stanford University 2:00 Johan van Benthem, Universiteit van Amsterdam 2:45 Panel Discussion 3:10 == break == 3:30 Amir Pnueli, Weizmann Institute 4:15 Panel Discussion 4:40 Audience Participation ======================================================================== ======================================================================== TUESDAY, MAY 16 -- MORNING - -------------- Ontario Room: Deductive Reasoning -------------------- 9:00 A General Framework for Sorted Deduction: Fundamental Results on Hybrid Reasoning Alan M. Frisch -- University of Illinois 9:35 On the Appearance of Sortal Literals: A Non Substitutional Framework for Hybrid Reasoning A. G. Cohn -- University of Warwick 10:10 == break == 10:30 Syntactic Equality in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Edward P. Stabler, Jr. -- University of Western Ontario 11:05 Plausible World Assumption Eliezer L. Lozinskii -- The Hebrew University 11:40 Skeptical Reasoning and Disjunctive Programs Arcot Rajasekar -- University of Maryland Jorge Lobo -- University of Maryland Jack Minker -- University of Maryland - -------------- Ballroom: Case-Based, Analogical, and Inductive Reasoning ------------------------- 9:00 A Framework for Dynamic Representation of Knowledge: A Minimum Principle in Organizing Knowledge Representation Yoshiteru Ishida -- Kyoto University 9:35 Knowledge Representation in a Case-Based Reasoning System: Defaults and Exceptions Phyllis Koton -- The MITRE Corporation Melissa P. Chase -- The MITRE Corporation 10:10 == break == 10:30 Induction as Nonmonotonic Reasoning Nicolas Helft -- ICOT 11:05 Analogical Reasoning, Defeasible Reasoning, and the Reference Class R. P. Loui -- Washington University 11:40 Analogy as a Constrained Partial Correspondence Over Conceptual Graphs Debbie Leishman -- University of Calgary ======================================================================== 12:15 - 2:00 LUNCH ======================================================================== TUESDAY, MAY 16 -- AFTERNOON - -------------- Ontario Room: Commonsense Theories ------------------- 2:00 Combining Logic and Differential Equations for Describing Real-World Systems Erik Sandewall -- Linkoping University 2:35 Solutions to a Paradox of Perception with Limited Acuity Ernest Davis -- Courant Institute 3:10 == break == 3:30 Cardinalities and Well Orderings in a Common-Sense Set Theory Wlodek Zadrozny -- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center 4:05 Modelling Topological and Metrical Properties in Physical Processes D. A. Randell -- University of Warwick A. G. Cohn -- University of Warwick - -------------- Ballroom: Symposium on Nonmonotonic Reasoning --------- Nonmonotonic Reasoning Organized and Moderated by David Etherington, AT&T Bell Laboratories 2:00 Probabilistic Semantics for Nonmonotonic Reasoning: A Survey Judea Pearl -- University of California at Los Angeles 3:00 == break == 3:30 Report on the Munich Nonmonotonic Reasoning Workshop David Poole -- University of British Columbia 4:00 Invited Panel: Critical Issues in Nonomonotonic Reasoning Moderator: David Etherington, AT&T Bell Laboratories Panellists: Ken Forbus, University of Illinois Matthew Ginsberg, Stanford University David Israel, SRI International/CSLI Vladimir Lifschitz, Stanford University ======================================================================== TUESDAY, MAY 16 -- EVENING 7:00 Conference Banquet Ontario Place ======================================================================== ======================================================================== WEDNESDAY, MAY 17 -- MORNING - -------------- Ontario Room: Constraints; Time --------------------- 9:00 Parallel Solutions to Constraint Satisfaction Problems Simon Kasif -- The Johns Hopkins University 9:35 Exact Solution in Linear Time of Networks of Constraints Using Perfect Relaxation Francesca Rossi -- MCC Ugo Montanari -- Universita di Pisa 10:10 == break == 10:30 Temporal Constraint Networks Rina Dechter -- University of California at Los Angeles Itay Meiri -- University of California at Los Angeles Judea Pearl -- University of California at Los Angeles 11:05 Localizing Temporal Constraint Propagation Johannes A. G. M. Koomen -- University of Rochester 11:40 A Non-Reified Temporal Logic Fahiem Bacchus -- University of Waterloo Josh Tenenberg -- University of Rochester Johannes A. Koomen -- University of Rochester - -------------- Ballroom: Default Reasoning; Tractable Reasoning ----- 9:00 What the Lottery Paradox Tells Us About Default Reasoning David Poole -- University of British Columbia 9:35 Hard Problems for Simple Default Logics Henry A. Kautz -- AT&T Bell Laboratories Bart Selman -- University of Toronto 10:10 == break == 10:30 Some Results Concerning the Computational Complexity of Abduction Tom Bylander -- The Ohio State University Dean Allemang -- The Ohio State University Michael C. Tanner -- The Ohio State University John R. Josephson -- The Ohio State University 11:05 Hierarchical Knowledge Bases and Efficient Disjunctive Reasoning Alex Borgida -- Rutgers University David W. Etherington -- AT&T Bell Laboratories 11:40 Towards a Theory of Access-Limited Logic for Knowledge Representation J. M. Crawford -- The University of Texas at Austin Benjamin Kuipers -- The University of Texas at Austin ======================================================================== WEDNESDAY, MAY 17 -- AFTERNOON ***** FREE AFTERNOON ***** ======================================================================== ======================================================================== THURSDAY, MAY 18 -- MORNING - -------------- Ontario Room: Nonmonotonic Reasoning II -------------- 9:00 What Does a Conditional Knowledge Base Entail? Daniel Lehmann -- Hebrew University 9:35 Three-Valued Formalizations of Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Logic Programming Teodor C. Przymusinski -- University of Texas at El Paso 10:10 == break == 10:30 Argument Systems: A Uniform Basis for Nonmonotonic Reasoning Fangzhen Lin -- Stanford University Yoav Shoham -- Stanford University 11:05 Between Circumscription and Autoepistemic Logic Vladimir Lifschitz -- Stanford University 11:40 Relating Autoepistemic and Default Logics Wiktor Marek -- University of Kentucky Miroslaw Truszczynski -- University of Kentucky - -------------- Ballroom: Planning and Reasoning about Action -------- 9:00 Synthesizing Information-Tracking Automata from Environment Descriptions Stanley J. Rosenschein -- Teleos Research 9:35 Situated Control Rules Mark Drummond -- NASA Ames Research Center 10:10 == break == 10:30 ADL: Exploring the Middle Ground Between STRIPS and the Situation Calculus Edwin P. D. Pednault -- AT&T Bell Laboratories 11:05 Inheritance in Automated Planning Josh Tenenberg -- University of Rochester 11:40 Making Situation Calculus Indexical Devika Subramanian -- Stanford University John Woodfill -- Stanford University ======================================================================== 12:15 - 2:00 LUNCH ======================================================================== THURSDAY, MAY 18 -- AFTERNOON - -------------- Ballroom: Plenary Symposium ---------------------------- Against Representation: The Opposition Speaks Organized and Moderated by David Kirsh, MIT Speaker: Geoffrey Hinton, University of Toronto "Connectionist Symbol Processing" Respondent: Danny Bobrow, Xerox PARC Speaker: Stan Rosenschein, Teleos Research "No Representation Without Information" Respondent: Drew McDermott, Yale University Speaker: John Perry, Stanford University/CSLI "Intelligence is Attunement to Incremental Information" Respondent: Robert Moore, SRI International ======================================================================== ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Fri, 7 Apr 89 09:06 EST >From: Lokendra Shastri <Shastri@cis.upenn.edu> Subject: Call for participation. Workshop at IJCAI-89 on Connectionist AI? Moderator - This workshop should be of interest to persons interested in NL. This may not be apparent from the title, hence the clarification. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IJCAI-89 WORKSHOP CALL FOR PARTICIPATION CONNECTIONIST AI? Motivation and Agenda The focus of the workshop is to define critical issues that comprise the problem of systematic rule governed processes and connectionist architectures. The outcome of the workshop is to elaborate what the problem is and to motivate cross-talk between the connectionist and AI research communities. Numerous claims and counter claims have been made about the nature of connectionist models and how they relate to rule governed behavior. We feel that some researchers tend to oversimplify connectionism and underestimate what it has to offer. At the same time some others make very strong claims about connectionism and tend to underestimate the complexity of the AI problem and ignore insights obtained over years of research in AI and cognitive science. We also feel that some underlying problems in the discussions have never been raised. Through this workshop we hope to gain a better understanding of specific issues related to the integration of rules with connectionist processing approaches and to be able to more clearly specify critical problems that need to be addressed if a reconciliation between the approaches is warranted. Specific issues to be discussed Introductory Discussions - (Session I) 1. There are a number of variations on connectionism such as parallel distributed processing, localist or structured connectionist models, neural nets. What are the core aspects of connectionist models? 2. What is a rule? Aspects of rules to be addressed include - structure and representation of rules and control of rule-based processes. Reconciling rules with connectionism -- the alternatives? (Session II) 1. Is there a clash between rules and connectionist architectures? It is often asserted that connectionist models are "non-symbolic" or "sub-symbolic", and hence, fundamentally different from traditional AI approaches. Examine this claim? 2. Should connectionist architectures compute rules? If so, what kind of rules? If not, how does one reconcile the approach with rules as characteristics of performance? Can connectionism contribute to AI? (Session III) 1. It is claimed that connectionism just provides an interesting implementation paradigm. What is meant by "an implementation paradigm"? Can an implementation paradigm offer crucial insights into problems? 2. Evaluate the contributions made by recent work in Connectionism to central problems in AI such as representation, reasoning, and learning. Format Our aim is to gather around 25 experts from within mainstream AI as well as connectionism to discuss the above issues in depth. The workshop will consist of three 3-hour discussion sessions spread over one and a half days There will not be any presentations but only moderated discussions. Participation Participation in the workshop is by invitation only and is limited to 25 persons. Anyone who has published on issues directly related to the workshop may apply. Please submit one two page abstract outlining your position on one or more topics to be discussed and a list of your recent publications on any of these topics. The abstract should be in 12 point font (the size of this text) and double spaced. (References may extend beyond the two page limit.) Send three copies of your submission by APRIL 17, 1989 to: Lokendra Shastri Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Organizers: Helen Gigley Lokendra Shastri Army Audiology and Speech Center Computer and Information Science Dept Walter Reed Army Medical Center University of Pennsylvania Washington, D.C. 20012 Philadelphia, PA l9l04 hgigley@note.nsf.gov shastri@cis.upenn.edu Alan Prince Psychology Department Brandeis University Waltham, MA 02254 prince@brandeis.bitnet ------------------------------ End of NL-KR Digest *******************