nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu (NL-KR Moderator Chris Welty) (04/17/89)
NL-KR Digest (Sun Apr 16 23:45:17 1989) Volume 6 No. 21 Today's Topics: nl parsing Perceiving vowels as colors -- an experiment. Abstracts from Journal of Exp. and Theoretical AI Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.1.10] in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will not be promptly satisfied. If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead. ----------------------------------------------------------------- To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: nurk@eta.unix.eta.com (Tom Nurkkala) Newsgroups: comp.ai.nlang-know-rep,comp.ai,sci.lang Subject: nl parsing Keywords: natural language parsing Date: 10 Apr 89 20:19:05 GMT Followup-To: poster I'm looking for references to work done on computerized parsing of natural languages which rely on morphological affixes to convey grammatical infor- mation, as opposed to word order. For example, languages like German or Greek, as opposed to English. In particular, I'm wondering if you can write more-or-less context-free grammars to parse these kinds of languages, or are other techniques more appropriate since word order can vary dramatically without changing the meaning of the utterance. Please reply by email. Thanks. - - Tom Nurkkala nurk@unix.eta.com Software Engineer ETA Systems, Inc. 1450 Energy Park Drive "My brain is just a BUNDLE of nerves." St. Paul, MN 55108 612/642-8390 ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: markh@csd4.milw.wisc.edu (Mark William Hopkins) Newsgroups: comp.ai.nlang-know-rep Subject: Perceiving vowels as colors -- an experiment. Date: 14 Apr 89 03:26:39 GMT Reply-To: markh@csd4.milw.wisc.edu (Mark William Hopkins) After some deep introspection, I've noticed that I tend to perceive vowels as colors in a fairly consistent way. The question that comes to mind is whether the two modes of perception are cross-wired in the brain. After looking in some of the older literature, I find other references made to vowels as color -- which tend to agree with my perception. So let's try a simple test: do you perceive vowels as colors? In particular, try to match the following vowels: [a], [i], [u], [e], [o], [schwa], [umlauted-U], [umlauted-O] If you are interested in taking this test, please send your responses to me by e-mail and I will post the results as a future date. ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: cfields@NMSU.Edu Date: Sun, 9 Apr 89 15:57:24 MDT Subject: Abstracts from Journal of Exp. and Theoretical AI _________________________________________________________________________ The following are abstracts of papers appearing in the second issue of the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, to appear in April, 1989. For submission information, please contact either of the editors: Eric Dietrich Chris Fields PACSS - Department of Philosophy Box 30001/3CRL SUNY Binghamton New Mexico State University Binghamton, NY 13901 Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001 dietrich@bingvaxu.cc.binghamton.edu cfields@nmsu.edu JETAI is published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd., London, New York, Philadelphia _________________________________________________________________________ Generating plausible diagnostic hypotheses with self-processing causal networks Jonathan Wald, Martin Farach, Malle Tagamets, and James Reggia Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland A recently proposed connectionist methodology for diagnostic problem solving is critically examined for its ability to construct problem solutions. A sizeable causal network (56 manifestation nodes, 26 disorder nodes, 384 causal links) served as the basis of experimental simulations. Initial results were discouraging, with less than two-thirds of simulations leading to stable solution states (equilibria). Examination of these simulation results identified a critical period during simulations, and analysis of the connectionist model's activation rule during this period led to an understanding of the model's nonstable oscillatory behavior. Slower decrease in the model's control parameters during the critical period resulted in all simulations reaching a stable equilibrium with plausible solutions. As a consequence of this work, it is possible to more rationally determine a schedule for control parameter variation during problem solving, and the way is now open for real-world experimental assessment of this problem solving method. _________________________________________________________________________ Organizing and integrating edge segments for texture discrimination Kenzo Iwama and Anthony Maida Department of Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University We propose a psychologically and psychophysically motivated texture segmentation algorithm. The algorithm is implemented as a computer program which parses visual images into regions on the basis of texture. The program's output matches human judgements on a very large class of stimuli. The program and algorithm offer very detailed hypotheses of how humans might segment stimuli, and also suggest plausible alternative explanations to those presented in the literature. In particular, contrary to Julesz and Bergen (1983), the program does not use crossings as textons and does use corners as textons. Nonetheless, the program is able to account for the same data. The program accounts for much of the linking phenomena of Beck, Pradzny, and Rosenfeld (1983). It does so by matching structures between feature maps on the basis of spatial overlap. These same mechanisms are also used to account for the feature integration phenomena of Triesman (1985). - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Towards a paradigm shift in belief representation methodology John Barnden Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University Research programs must often divide issues into managable sub-issues. The assumption is that an approach developed to cope with a sub-issue can later be integrated into an approach to the whole issue - possibly after some tinkering with the sub-approach, but without affecting its fundamental features. However, the present paper examines a case where an AI issue has been divided in a way that is, apparently, harmless and natural, but is actually fundamentally out of tune with the realities of the issue. As a result, some approaches developed for a certain sub-issue cannot be extended to a total approach without fundamental modification. The issue in question is that of modeling people's beliefs, hopes, intentions, and other ``propositional attitudes'', and/or interpreting natural language sentences that report propositional attitudes. Researchers have, quite understandably, de-emphasized the problem of dealing in detail with nested attitudes (e.g. hopes about beliefs, beliefs about intentions about beliefs), in favor of concentrating on the sub-issue of nonnested attitudes. Unfortunately, a wide variety of approaches to attitudes are prone to a deep but somewhat subtle problem when they are applied to nested attitudes. This problem can be very roughly described as an AI system's unwitting imputation of its own arcane ``theory'' of propositional attitudes to other agents. The details of this phenomenon have been published elsewhere by the author: the present paper merely sketches it, and concentrates instead on the methodological lessons to be drawn, both for propositional attitude research and, more tentatively, for AI in general. The paper also summarizes an argument (presented more completely elsewhere) for an approach to attitude representation based in part on metaphors of mind that are commonly used by people. This proposed new research direction should ultimately coax propositional attitude research out of the logical armchair and into the pyschological laboratory. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The graph of a boolean function Frank Harary Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University (Abstract not available) ___________________________________________________________________________ ------------------------------ End of NL-KR Digest *******************