nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu (NL-KR Moderator Chris Welty) (10/03/89)
NL-KR Digest (Tue Oct 3 11:39:15 1989) Volume 6 No. 39 Today's Topics: morphological analyzer for English Help on Discourse and Anaphora Rep. Abstracts from Third JETAI 7th Intl Conference on Machine Learning Biotech/AI Seminar 10/3/89 Announcement: Knowledge Acquisition WS Speech Act Interpretation: ...(Unisys AI Seminar) CSLI Calendar, 28 September 1989, vol. 5:2 Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.1.10] in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will not be promptly satisfied. If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead. BITNET subscribers: we now have a LISTSERVer for nl-kr. You may send submissions to NL-KR@RPIECS and any listserv-style administrative requests to LISTSERV@RPIECS. ----------------------------------------------------------------- To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Thu, 28 Sep 89 16:38 EST >From: KROVETZ@cs.umass.EDU Subject: morphological analyzer for English Professor Choueka recently asked about the availability of morphological analyzers for English. There is one that is part of the Alvey toolkit, which also includes a GPSG parser, grammar, and lexicon. The toolkit is written in Common Lisp and costs 500 pounds for academic use. The following article describes the morphology component: Ritchie G., Pulman S., Black A., and Russell G., ``A Computational Framework for Lexical Description'', Computational Linguistics, Vol. 13, No. 3-4, 1987 You can obtain more information and an application form by writing to: Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute University of Edinburgh 80 South Bridge Edinburgh EH1 1HN U.K. ph. 44-031-225 4464 -bob krovetz@cs.umass.edu ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Thu, 21 Sep 89 10:16:33 -0500 >From: gkp@mentor.cc.purdue.edu (gkp) Subject: Help on Discourse and Anaphora Rep. I am going to write my Master's thesis about discourse representation and anaphora resolution, with emphasis on the point that the former is a prerequisite for the latter. My plan is to implement a kind of experimental "discourse workbench" that maintains syntactic and semantic information, focus sets, co-reference constraints, etc. - If there is time left afterwards, I shall move to the actual process of anaphora resolution, using a blackboard approach with hypotheses of antecedent assignments that are to be evaluated against each other. So far my ambitions... In case anybody is working in this or a related area, or has heard about somebody else working on it - I am grateful for every hint, since I would not like to ponder questions that have already been answered elsewhere. /| /| / | / |anfred Stede, gkp@mentor.cc.purdue.edu / |/ | ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: cfields@NMSU.Edu Date: Sat, 30 Sep 89 15:39:02 MDT Subject: Abstracts from Third JETAI The following are abstracts of papers appearing in the third issue of the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, to appear in April, 1989. For submission information, please contact either of the editors: Eric Dietrich Chris Fields PACSS - Department of Philosophy Box 30001/3CRL SUNY Binghamton New Mexico State University Binghamton, NY 13901 Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001 dietrich@bingvaxu.cc.binghamton.edu cfields@nmsu.edu JETAI is published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd., London, New York, Philadelphia _________________________________________________________________________ Consequences of nonclassical measurement for the algorithmic description of continuous dynamical systems. Chris Fields, Computing Research Lab, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, USA Continuous dynamical systems intuitively seem capable of more complex behavior than discrete systems. If analyzed in the framework of the traditional theory of computation, a continuous dynamical system with countably many quasistable states has at least the computational power of a universal Turing machine. Such an analysis assumes, however, the classical notion of measurement. If measurement is viewed nonclassically, a continuous dynamical system cannot, even in principle, exhibit behavior that cannot be simulated by a universal Turing machine. __________________________________________________________________________ Principles of continuous analogical reasoning. Thomas Eskridge, Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, USA This paper presents evidence supporting the view of analogical reasoning as a continuous process. The phrase continuous analogical reasoning refers to the continuous flow of information between the three stages in analogical reasoning: selection, mapping, and evaluation. This paper presents the motivations behind the development of the continuous analogical reasoning approach, along with evidence of the interactions between stages from the psychological community. Implications for discrete analogical reasoning systems are discussed. The implementation of a continuous analogical reasoning system called ASTRA is presented and discussed in terms of the interactions between the stages. _________________________________________________________________________ Philosophical issues in Edelman's neural darwinism R. J. Nelson, Department of Philosophy, Gerald Edelman's Neural Darwinism advances an hypothesis that the brain develops epigenetically in the individual according to principles of natural selection operating over populations of neuronal groups. The central idea is that the organism does not adapt to a pre-categorized world, but generates categories (for instance for visual recognition) that have survival value. Hence, it is argued, brain process-development cannot be modeled by instructionist - program-driven sequential processes - methods. AI must therefore fail in principle in attempting to explain cognitive processes. The alternative is the parallel, distributed processing model, which must be subject to evolutional change and devoid of precategorization or based on assumptions of a pre-labelled world. In the present paper I argue that computational models are not limited to sequential programs, but that embodied algorithms as are realized in hardware and probably in neural circuits do afford adequate models. Thus there is no principled reason for adoption of nondigital models, although Edelman is right about conventional AI, which uses free sequential algorithms. I conclude by remarking that semantical and intentional properties of the mind/brain cannot be modeled by the type of parallel connectionist system that Edelman advocates, but requires computational (recursive) models. ________________________________________________________________________ OSCAR: A general theory of rationality. John Pollack, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA The enterprise is the construction of a general theory of rationality, and its implementation in an automated reasoning system called OSCAR. The paper describes a general architecture for rational thought. This includes both theoretical reasoning and practical reasoning, and builds in important interconnections between them. It is urged that a sophisticated reasoner must be an introspective reasoner, capable of monitoring its own reasoning and reasoning about it. An introspective reasoner is built on top of a nonintrospective reasoner that represents the system's default reasoning strategies. The introspective reasoner engeges in practical reasoning about reasoning in order to override these default strategies. The paper concludes with a discussion of some aspects of the default reasoner, including the manner in which reasoning is interest driven, and the structure of defeasible reasoning. ________________________________________________________________________ The a priori meaningfulness measure and resolution theorem proving. Joseph Fulda* and Kevin De Fontes**, *Department of Biomathematical Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; **Hofstra University, New York, USA (No abstract available) __________________________________________________________________________ ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: ml90@cs.utexas.edu (B. Porter and R. Mooney) Date: Thu, 21 Sep 89 13:45:37 CDT Subject: 7th Intl Conference on Machine Learning SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING: CALL FOR PAPERS The Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning will be held at the University of Texas in Austin during June 21--23, 1990. Its goal is to bring together researchers from all areas of machine learning. The conference will include presentations of refereed papers, invited talks, and poster sessions. The deadline for submitting papers is February 1, 1990. REVIEW CRITERIA In order to ensure high quality papers, each submission will be reviewed by two members of the program committee and judged on clarity, significance, and originality. All sub- missions should contain new work, new results, or major extensions to prior work. If the paper describes a running system, it should explain that system's representation of inputs and outputs, its performance component, its learning methods, and its evalua- tion. In addition to reporting advances in current areas of machine learning, authors are encouraged to report results on exploring novel learning tasks. SUBMISSION OF PAPERS Each paper must have a cover page with the title, author's names, primary author's address and telephone number, and an abstract of about 200 words. The cover page should also give three keywords that describe the research. Examples of keywords include: PROBLEM AREA GENERAL APPROACH EVALUATION CRITERIA Concept learning Genetic algorithms Empirical evaluation Learning and planning Empirical methods Theoretical analysis Language learning Explanation-based Psychological validity Learning and design Connectionist Machine discovery Analogical reasoning Papers are limited to 12 double-spaced pages (including figures and references), formatted with twelve point font. Authors will be notified of acceptance by Friday, March 23, 1990 and camera-ready copy is due by April 23, 1990. Send papers (3 copies) to: For information, please contact: Machine Learning Conference Bruce Porter or Raymond Mooney Department of Computer Sciences ml90@cs.utexas.edu Taylor Hall 2.124 (512) 471-7316 University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712-1188 ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Mon, 2 Oct 89 9:59:07 EDT >From: Fran Lewitter <lewitter@BBN.COM> Subject: Biotech/AI Seminar 10/3/89 **** NOTE ROOM CHANGE **** Joint Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Seminar Series BBN Laboratories Science Development Program Topic: PRODIGY: An Integrated Reasoning Architecture Speaker: Jaime Carbonell, Ph.D. Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University and member of the NIH Genome Advisory Committee Location: Conference Center, Room F 10 Fawcett Street, Cambridge Date & Time: Tuesday October 3, 1989 - 3 pm Abstract: Integrated reasoning architectures are the major intellectual focus of Artificial Intelligence research at Carnegie Mellon University, with Newell's SOAR, Mitchell's THEO, Carbonell's PRODIGY, and VanLehn's TETON. The presentation focuses on the PRODIGY architecture and its component parts: the universal problem solver, the explanation-based learning method, the abstraction learner for hierarchical planning, the derivational analogy case-builder, and the experimentation module. Examples are drawn from several application domains, such as machine-shop scheduling, robotic planning and specialized domains such as telescope making. It is argued that PRODIGY can provide a flexible substrate for the next generation of knowledge-based systems in planning-intensive tasks. If time permits, the presentation will address implementation issues, such as fast matching algorithms for large knowledge bases, and the utility of this technology beyond PRODIGY (e.g. to aspects of bibliographic matching, and human-genome sequence matching). ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: wntrmute@cmx.npac.syr.edu (Jim Brule) Newsgroups: comp.ai Subject: Announcement: Knowledge Acquisition WS Keywords: Knowledge Acquisition, Expert Systems Date: 26 Sep 89 21:28:28 GMT Reply-To: jfbrule@rodan.acs.syr.edu (Jim Brule) Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition 1990 Winter Workshop January 22 - 25, 1990 Minnowbrook Conference Center Blue Mountain Lake, NY Sponsored by: Coherent Research, Inc. and New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Computer Applications and Software Engineering at Syracuse University Syracuse, NY "Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition" is a workshop designed to give the knowledge engineer a pragmatic understanding of the problems of knowledge engineering, along with the tools and techniques for their solution. This hands-on workshop presents a theoretic framework based on the cybernetics of human interaction within which the knowledge acquisition relationship can be understood and predicted. It then proceeds to deliver practical methods for meeting the everyday concerns of knowledge engineers: * establishing a productive environment for knowledge acquisition * enhancing the opportunities for uncovering knowledge of which the domain expert is not fully aware * generating the richest set of information possible * dealing with contradictory information * translating the acquired knowledge into a useful form * creating the best organizational chances for the project to succeed In order to provide the greatest potential benefit, the workshop incorporates individual practice of the tools, techniques, and concepts presented. Upon completion, the student will have gained an understanding of both the principles underlying knowledge acquisition and the practical tools and techniques required to apply these principles to the building of expert systems in operational applications. Attendees should be individuals who have built, or are preparing to build, expert systems involving knowledge to be acquired from human experts. Other individuals who are already familiar with the issues of expert systems from an academic standpoint are encouraged to attend. This workshop has been presented throughout the United States and England. The instructors are experienced in the problems of knowledge acquisition from a diverse set of perspectives. Mr. Brule' has led the development of successful expert systems many fields (including medical, financial, and nursing care) using the techniques which led to this workshop. Dr. Blount has been applying the cybernetics of human systems to organizations, groups, families, and individuals for nearly a decade. Their text, "Knowledge Acquisition" (McGraw-Hill, 1989), will be distributed as part of the workshop. Workshop Schedule: ================= Monday Afternoon: - --------------- Introduction The case for a Cybernetic/Psychological study of the human expert The Theory of Cybernetics Cybernetics and Human Systems Levels of Learning Coding / Representation of Abstract Learning Tuesday: - ------ The Dynamics of the Knowledge Acquisition Relationship Fundamentals Establishing a Productive Context Pitfalls in Interviewing Experts Practical Techniques Practice Assessment Metaphor Relevance of Metaphor to Knowledge Acquisition Metaphor in non-Poetic Discourse Metaphor in Building the Knowledge Acquisition Relationship Metaphor in Hypothesis Generation Practical Techniques Practice Assessment Wednesday: - -------- Organization of the Knowledge Acquisition Session Planning Orientation Development of Structure Elicitation of Specifics Practice Assessment Special Concerns The Value of Conflicting Information The Use of Multiple Experts Validation and Verification Tools & Techniques Practice Assessment Integration The Knowledge Template The Knowledge Acquisition Team The Organizational Context of Knowledge Acquisition Tools & Techniques Practice Assessment Thursday Morning: - --------------- Summary Practical Applications Future Directions ================= Accomodations and Travel The Minnowbrook Conference Center is one of the elegant Adirondack "Camps" located on Blue Mountain Lake in the high-peaks region of the Adirondack Mountains. Recently renovated, the main lodge offers year-round services in a relaxed setting with modern amenities. Winter sports opportunities abound nearby, including downhill and cross-country skiing,and exhilirating hikes through the mountainous region. Minnowbrook itself has a recreation center, which is made exclusively available to workshop attendees. Ample opportunities for relaxing and establishing cameraderie are provided in the schedule. All meals, lodging, and workshop materials are included in the fee. Minnowbrook is best reached through Syracuse Airport, from where ground transportation to Blue Mountain Lake can be easily arranged. ================= Registration Form Name: Title: Organization: Address: City/State/Zip: Phone: EMail: Fees: Until After 11/1/89 11/1/89 $650 $750 (Includes meals, lodging, and all workshop materials). Please make check payable to: Coherent Research, inc. Return payment and form to: Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition Coherent Research, Inc. 100 East Washington Street Syracuse, NY 13202 (315) 426-0929 jfbrule@rodan.acs.syr.edu ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Mon, 2 Oct 89 23:00:35 -0400 >From: finin@PRC.Unisys.COM Subject: Speech Act Interpretation: ...(Unisys AI Seminar) AI SEMINAR UNISYS PAOLI RESEARCH CENTER Speech Act Interpretation: Linguistic Structure meets Knowledge Representation James F. Allen University of Rochester One of the crucial problems facing natural language research is the interpretation of language in context. This requires not only sophisticated systems to analyze the underlying structure of language, but also the representation of general knowledge about the world, and the modelling of natural inference processes. In this talk I will look at one particular problem that requires both structural constraints and inference in order to identify the correct interpretation, namely the identification of the intentions of the speaker. This area of research often falls under the heading of indirect speech act recognition. I will argue, however, that the distinction between literal speech acts and indirect speech acts is impossible to make, since both notions depend critically on contextual interpretation. I will then describe a system that uses syntactic and semantic clues to the speech act as well as inferential processes embodying the context, to produce a range of acceptable interpretations. 11:00am October 6 BIC Conference Room Unisys Paoli Research Center Route 252 and Central Ave. Paoli PA 19311 -- non-Unisys visitors who are interested in attending should -- -- send email to finin@prc.unisys.com or call 215-648-7446 -- ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Wed, 27 Sep 89 16:43:15 PDT >From: ingrid@russell.Stanford.EDU (Ingrid Deiwiks) Subject: CSLI Calendar, 28 September 1989, vol. 5:2 C S L I C A L E N D A R O F P U B L I C E V E N T S _____________________________________________________________________________ 28 September 1989 Stanford Vol. 5, No. 2 _____________________________________________________________________________ A weekly publication of the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Ventura Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4115 ____________ CSLI ACTIVITIES FOR THIS THURSDAY, 28 SEPTEMBER 1989 12:00 noon TINLunch Cordura 100 Document Image Analysis by Tree Structure Model Y. Nishimura, T. Takahashi, and Y. Kobayashi ATR Communication Systems Research Laboratories (nisimura@atr-sw.atr.co.jp) Abstract in last week's Calendar 2:15 p.m. CSLI Seminar Cordura 100 Models of Rational Agency First meeting Michael Bratman, Martha Pollack, Stan Rosenschein (bratman@csli.stanford.edu, pollack@warbucks.ai.sri.com, stan@teleos.com) Abstract in last week's Calendar CSLI ACTIVITIES FOR NEXT THURSDAY, 5 OCTOBER 1989 12:00 noon TINLunch Cordura 100 Logical Form and the Identity of Events Stephen Neale Visiting Scholar, Princeton University (neale@csli.stanford.edu) Abstract in next week's Calendar 2:15 p.m. CSLI Seminar Cordura 100 Models of Rational Agency 2 Michael Bratman, Martha Pollack, Stan Rosenschein (bratman@csli.stanford.edu, pollack@warbucks.ai.sri.com, stan@teleos.com) Abstract below 3:30 p.m. Tea Cordura 117 There will be a beginning-of-the-quarter tea (second lounge) so that new visitors and students may meet "old" CSLI-ites. ____________ ANNOUNCEMENT This fall, the STASS Seminar will be oriented towards introducing people to post-SITUATIONS AND ATTITUDES developments in situation theory, and nonlinguistic applications thereof. Meetings will be held (some) Tuesdays, 3:15-5:05, starting 3 October, in Cordura 100. Those who plan to attend the meetings should get a copy of THE SITUATION IN LOGIC, by Jon Barwise, available at the Stanford Bookstore and other bookstores. Related class: Linguistics 223, "Topics in Semantics," Nerbonne and Halvorsen, TTh 1:15-2:45, e229. ____________ NEXT WEEK'S CSLI SEMINAR Models of Rational Agency 2 Michael Bratman, Martha Pollack, Stan Rosenschein We will discuss a model of practical reasoning that is intended to provide part of an answer to the challenge of resource limitations. In this model, the mental attitudes of belief and desire are not seen as sufficient for explaining rational behavior: instead, intentions and plans play a central role. ------------ STASS SEMINAR Organizational and Introductory Remarks David Israel and John Perry Tuesday, 3 October 1989, 3:15-5:05 Cordura 100 This is an organizational meeting. Attendees should bring their copy of Barwise's THE SITUATION IN LOGIC. ------------------------------ End of NL-KR Digest *******************