[comp.ai.nlang-know-rep] NL-KR Digest, Volume 8 No. 21

nl-kr-request@CS.RPI.EDU (NL-KR Moderator Chris Welty) (05/09/91)

NL-KR Digest      (Wed May  8 12:08:00 1991)      Volume 8 No. 21

Today's Topics:

	 JEIDA
	 HELP REQUEST - INTELLIGENT KNOWLEDGE BASED INDEXING/RETRIEVAL
	 Electronic Address
	 Natural Language Processing research job
	 Summer Intern Position Available
	 MOL2 workshop.
	 Colloquium: Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledeg-Based Systems

Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu
Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.10.18] in
the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will
not be promptly satisfied.  If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want
to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead.
BITNET subscribers: we now have a LISTSERVer for nl-kr.
  You may send submissions to NL-KR@RPIECS
  and any listserv-style administrative requests to LISTSERV@RPIECS.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date:         Thu, 25 Apr 91 20:04:51 CDT
>From: Ted Pedersen <THEODORE@uafsysb.uark.edu>
Subject:      JEIDA
X-Acknowledge-To: <THEODORE@UAFSYSB>

I am interested in finding the following paper:

JEIDA(Japan Electronic Industry Development Association).
A Japanese view of machine translation in light of the considerations
and recommendations reported by ALPAC,USA. Tokyo,July 1989

Has this been reprinted somewhere or does anyone know how to
get in touch with the original publisher?

Thanks
Ted

------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
>From: csp14@seq1.keele.ac.uk (D. March)
Newsgroups: comp.ai,comp.infosystems,comp.ai.nlang-know-rep,comp.databases,comp.lang.prolog,alt.hypertext
Subject: HELP REQUEST - INTELLIGENT KNOWLEDGE BASED INDEXING/RETRIEVAL
Keywords: synonyms,thesaurus,partial match,sub/super classes,dynamic,PROLOG,
          ORACLE
Date: 1 May 91 14:24:54 GMT

 I wonder if anyone can suggest some references on
        INTELLIGENT KNOWLEDGE BASED "INDEXING"/RETRIEVAL  ?

 I am embarking on a six month implementation of such a facility using PROLOG
and ORACLE. The knowledge base to be indexed is a large library
of prolog rules, each rule associated with an abstract of its use.
At the moment my ideas are a little vague, and my search for 
articles disappointing. This aside, and as I see it, an intelligent (KEYWORD)
index (INFO. RETRIEVAL SYSTEM) is a facility that attempts to extract from a
knowledge base something of interest to a user, the user having supplied say
a keyword(s). The facility can deduce from such a keyword(s) items that the
user requires, even if these items are not explicilty identifiable from the
keyword(s). Intelligence derives from the search strategy employed in 
attempting to meet the user request. An understanding of the relationships
of keywords to knowledge, and knowledge to knowledge, is required.
This will ultimately include such things as :-

      1. Partial matching of keywords to knowledge base identifiers.
         (abbreviations, singular/plural....) 
      2. Recognition of synonyms for knowledge base identifiers.
         Possibly with degrees of relevance.
      3. Understanding of the hierarchical structure of the knowledge base.
         Notably sub/super, or specific/general classes.
      4. Some form of dictionary and thesaurus.
         Possibly user specific in addition to some standard.
      5. A learning capability.
      6. A dynamic structure.

 Well this is basically as far as my understanding of the problem goes.
What I really need are a couple of good references on the subject, and
if possible some suggestions....anyway, thanks for reading the article....
any help will be appreciated.

- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Darron.                                           "The thing I fear most
 (E-MAIL : csp14@uk.ac.keele.seq1)                  about death is being 
 (JANET)                                            there when it happens.."
 (OR VIA NEWSGROUP)                                 Woody Allen
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date:     Mon, 6 May 91 16:26:17 MST
>From: BOB STRINGFIELD <bstring@mainz-emh2.army.mil>
Subject:  Electronic Address

Hello:

Currently seeking the electronic address of:

Natural Language Inc.
2910 Seventh Street
Berkeley, CA

Thanks.

Regards.

Bob Stringfield
Mainz, Germany

------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
>From: wachtel@canon.co.uk
Date: Fri, 19 Apr 91 11:13:45 GMT
Subject: Natural Language Processing research job
Organization: Canon Research Europe, Guildford, UK
Date: Fri, 19 Apr 91 10:13:39 GMT

RESEARCH POSITION IN COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS

Canon Research Centre Europe Ltd
Guildford, UK

Canon Research Centre Europe is looking for new recruits for its
Natural Language Processing research group. Our particular interest is
in interpretation relative to context, and in using pragmatics and
generalised non-linguistic reasoning to enhance Natural Language
systems. This research work is not currently tied to the production of
a particular product, but seen rather as providing a foundation for
more directed application work at the right point in the future.
Providing a prototype is, however, of prime importance.

We are looking for people with a good knowledge of natural language
processing or knowledge representation and reasoning, or a good general
computer science background.  Good programming abilities are essential,
preferably in Prolog. Creativity and a flair for innovative work would
be essential.

Less experienced people who feel attracted by this proposition need not
be deterred from applying.  We plan to offer training to appropriate
people at the Centre for Computational Linguistics at UMIST,
Manchester, as full Canon employees working as part of a UMIST research
team, with some degree of autonomy regarding their research
activities.  At the end of the training period (probably one year),
they would be expected to transfer to Guildford.  This is part of
Canon's effort to foster training in British industry, and to recruit
innovative scientists to its workforce.

Canon Research Centre Europe has been on the University of Surrey
Research Park since 1988, and currently employs about 30 people, and is
expanding. We doubt that you would be disappointed by salary, equipment
or working environment.

Our recruitment policy is one of equal opportunity.

If you are interested, please send a detailed CV to:

Tom Wachtel
(NLI position)
Canon Research Centre Europe
17-20 Frederick Sanger Road
Surrey Research Park
Guildford GU2 5YD, UK

email:	wachtel@canon.co.uk
tel:	+44-483-574325
fax:	+44-483-574360

or to Personnel (personnel@canon.co.uk) at the same address.

- - 

Tom Wachtel (wachtel@canon.co.uk)

------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
>From: luciw@apple.com (Bill Luciw)
Newsgroups: comp.ai,comp.lang.lisp,comp.ai.nlang-know-rep
Subject: Summer Intern Position Available
Date: 25 Apr 91 15:23:19 GMT
Reply-To: luciw@apple.com (Bill Luciw)

We have a summer intern position available in our lab which involves
building "intelligent" applications using CYC.  The ideal candidate will
have had prior experience with CYC, and some programming facility with
the Macintosh, both MACL 2.0 [Lisp] and HyperCard.  TCP/IP experience
would also be helpful.

Please contact me directly.

Bill Luciw                         ATTNet: (408) 974-3845  FAX: (408) 974-0234
Advanced Technology Group              e-mail:  luciw@apple.com
Apple Computer, Inc.                
20450 Stevens Creek Blvd.  MS 76-3D   "Changing the person, one world at
a time."
Cupertino, CA 95014             
AppleLink: LUCIW

------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date: Thu, 18 Apr 91 16:19:22 -0400
>From: daniel@drew.cog.brown.edu (Daniel Radzinski)
Subject: MOL2 workshop.

         SECOND MEETING ON MATHEMATICS OF LANGUAGE

                      May 17-18, 1991
              Yorktown Heights, New York, USA

                      Sponsored by the
          Association for Mathematics of Language
              (A Special Interest Group of the
         Association for Computational Linguistics)

The Workshop on Mathematics of Language will take  place  on
May  17 and 18 in The Tarrytown Hilton Inn in Tarrytown, New
York (just outside of Yorktown Heights, N.Y).  The  workshop
will  begin  at  9:30  am on May 17 and end at approximately
6:30 pm on May 18.

Please note that attendance will be restricted to 80  parti-
cipants.  Registration will be on a first come, first served
basis.   To   preregister   please   send    a    note    to
MOL2@WATSON.IBM.COM with the following information:

  :name.
  :institution.
  :e-mail.
  :phone.

If we have not run out of space by then, you will  be  asked
to send in a check for $40 (registration at the door will be
$50).  All payments will have to be by check.

The address of the hotel is:

The Tarrytown Hilton Inn
455 South Broadway
Tarrytown, New York 10591

The price of a room is $99/night.

To reserve a room please call: 914-631-5700 or 1-800-HILTONS
    and refer to:   Association for Computational Linguistics
    Special Interest Group on the Mathematics of Language

The hotel will provide instructions on how to get there.

If you have any questions, please contact:

      Lisa Braden-Harder
      (MOL 2 -- Local  Arrangements)
      e-mail:  MOL2 at WATSON.IBM.COM
      tel. (914) 784-7849

                      PROGRAM SCHEDULE

                    FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1991

9:30   A. Manaster-Ramer
       Opening Address (Capacity, Complexity, and Beyond)

10:00  A. Kornai
       The Generative Power of Feature Geometry

10:30  BREAK

10:50  J. O'Neil
       The Generation of the Elementary Tree Set for a
       Tree-Adjoining Grammar

11:20  Mona Singh
       The Perfective Aspect: An Algebraic Analysis

11:50  N. Correa
       Attribute and Unification Grammar:
       A Review and Analysis of Formalisms

12:20  LUNCH

1:45   D. Radzinski
       Chinese Distributive Numerals and Indexed Grammars

2:15   Munidar Singh
       Towards a Formal Semantics for Speech Acts

2:45   BREAK

3:15   M. A. Moshier
       On Completeness Theorems for Feature Logics

3:45   E. Ristad
       On the Complexity of Two Problems in Human Language

4:15   BREAK

4:35   A. Joshi and Y. Schabes
       Fixed and Flexible Phrase Structure:
       Coordination in Tree Adjoining Grammars

5:05   DINNER

7:30   M. Dymetman
       A Generalized Greibach Normal Form for Definite Clause
       Grammars and the Decidability of the Offline-Parsability
       Problem

8:00   J. Nerbonne
       A Feature-Based Syntax/Semantics Interface

8:30   D. Johnson & L. Moss
       Languages Generated by Multistratal Axiomatic Grammars

                   SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1991

9:30   R. Berwick
       Asymptotic Computational Complexity and Average Case
       Computational Complexity for Natural Language Analysis

10:00  R. Zuber
       An Algebraic Approach to Negation

10:30  BREAK

10.50  S. Zeitman
       Somewhat Finite Approaches to Infinite Sentences

11:20  M. Kac
       A Formalism for the Representation of Properties

11:50  Y. Schabes
       An Inside-Outside Algorithm for Estimating the Parameters of
       a Hidden Stochastic Context-Free Grammar Based on Earley's
       Algorithm

12:20  LUNCH

1:45   W. Zadrozny (with A. Manaster Ramer)
       Parsing with Constructions

2:15   A. Ojeda
       Definite Generics as Definite Descriptions

2:45   BREAK

3:05   W. Savitch
       Descriptive Complexity and Psychological Reality

3:35   R. Wall & J. Talley
       English Specification of Finite-State Devices

4:05   K. Jensen (with A. Manaster Ramer)
       Towards Transductive Linguistics

------------------------------

To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
>From: Duncan N Smeed <duncan@cs.strath.ac.uk>
Newsgroups: uk.ikbs,comp.ai,comp.ai.nlang-know-rep
Subject: Colloquium: Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledeg-Based Systems
Keywords: Addis Gaines Linster Schreiber Shaw Sleeman Shadbolt Wetter Woodward
Date: 24 Apr 91 12:41:03 GMT

This is the follow up to the preliminary  notice  I  posted  to  a
number  of  newsgroups  several  months  ago.   A number of people
responded then and this posting  will  be  forwarded  to  them  in
person.   It  has taken some time to select and organise the final
programme from submissions to EKAW91, hence the short notice given
here.

Even if the timing of this event means that you will not  be  able
to attend you might like to know that the Registration Form at the
end of this message contains check boxes to register your interest
for  the  Proceedings  of the Fifth European Knowledge Acquisition
for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (EKAW91) [to be published  by
Springer-Verlag in their Workshop in Computing Series] and/or next
year's event - EKAW92 to be held in Germany.

Please forward this posting to colleagues who may be  involved  in
the  area  of Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems if
they are not regular readers of the 'net'.

                Duncan Smeed, EKAW91 Organiser


        Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems

                   IEE/BCS Supported Colloquium

         Monday, 20th May 1991, University of Strathclyde
               Court/Senate Suite, Collins Building
                      Richmond St., Glasgow

INTRODUCTION

This colloquium is being held to coincide with the  first  day  of
the  Fifth  European  Knowledge  Acquisition  for  Knowledge-Based
Systems Workshop (EKAW91).   Leading  practitioners  in  Knowledge
Acquisition  and  Machine  Learning  will be presenting the latest
developments in these fields.  The presentations will be based  on
the some of the best papers submitted for the EKAW91 event.

It is the  objective  of  EKAW91  to  assemble  theoreticians  and
practitioners  of AI who recognise the need for developing methods
and systems to assist  the  process  of  acquiring  and  modelling
knowledge  for  knowledge-based  systems.   These  techniques  and
methods include, for example:

      o    Transfer/modelling of expertise-systems that obtain and
           model knowledge from experts.

      o    Transfer/modelling of expertise-manual KA  methods  and
           techniques.

      o    Apprenticeship, explanation-based, and  other  learning
           systems;  integration  of  such  systems  with other KA
           techniques.

      o    Issues  of  cognitive  psychology  and  expertise  that
           affect the KA process.

      o    Extracting and modelling knowledge from text.

      o    Integration of KA techniques within  a  single  system;
           integration  of  KA  systems with other systems (hyper-
           media, DBMS, simulators, spreadsheets...)

      o    KA methodology and training.

      o    Validation of KA techniques; the role of KA  techniques
           in validating KBS.

      o    Methods of capturing design knowledge and requirements.

      o    Theoretical framework for KA.

      o    Philosophical issues concerning knowledge and  technol-
           ogy.

      o    Results from Project SISYPHUS;  the  objective  of  the
           project  is to compare different methods and techniques
           of KA.  Two test bed domains have been chosen:  1. Text
           Analysis, 2. Models of Problem Solving.

SPEAKERS

Prof Tom Addis          Knowledge Systems Group
                        Department of Computer Science
                        University of Reading

Dr Brian Gaines         Director, Knowledge Science Institute
                        University of Calgary

Dr Marc Linster         Expert System Research Group
                        German National Research Center for
                                Computer Science (GMD)

Dr Guus Schreiber       Department of Social Science Informatics
                        University of Amsterdam

Dr Mildred Shaw         Knowledge Systems Group
                        University of Calgary

Prof Derek Sleeman      Department of Computing Science
                        Aberdeen University

Dr Nigel Shadbolt       Artificial Intelligence Group
                        Department of Psychology
                        University of Nottingham

Dr Thomas Wetter        IBM Germany
                        Heidelberg

Dr Brian Woodward       Knowledge Science Institute
                        University of Calgary



                       COLLOQUIUM PROGRAMME

08.45-09.15     Registration

09.15-09.30     Welcome and Introductory Remarks
                        Dr Brian Gaines

09.30-10.15     Expertise Transfer:
                Supporting the Knowledge Acquisition Process
                        Dr Nigel Shadbolt

10.15-11.00     Machine Learning
                        Prof Derek Sleeman

11.00-11.30     Coffee break

11.30-12.15     The KADS Methodology
                        Dr Guus Schreiber

12.15-13.00     Group Processes in Elicitation
                        Dr Mildred Shaw

13.00-14.00     Lunch break

14.00-14.45     Methodological Foundations
                        Dr Marc Linster

14.45-15.30     Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering
                        Dr Thomas Wetter

15.30-16.00     Coffee/tea break

16.00-17.00     Project SISYPHUS:
                Challenging the Community
                        Prof Tom Addis, Dr Brian Woodward,
                        Dr Marc Linster

17.00-17.45     Open Discussion with Speakers as Panel

17.45-18.00     Departure of EKAW91 delegates to Crieff Hydro



PROJECT SISYPHUS

At EKAW90 there was  general  agreement  that  a  major  focus  of
knowledge  acquisition  research is the explicit representation of
problem-solving methods.  As quite a few  tools,  techniques   and
methodologies  are  currently being developed and used it would be
of great interest to create  a  situation  where  these  different
approaches  could  be  compared,  contrasted and assessed.  It was
decided to choose  three  or  four  task  domains  that  introduce
considerable  scope for knowledge acquisition.  These task domains
would then provide a test bed for comparison of techniques.

It was proposed that  researchers  and  practitioners  (preferably
those belonging to a team or group) who were currently involved in
knowledge elicitation and acquisition analyze one  sample  problem
and  make  their  analysis  of  this problem widely available. The
results of  the  analysis  of  each  group  (each  using  its  own
approach)  will be published in the proceedings of EKAW91 and will
be discussed during the workshop at special set sessions.

Of the task domains  that  were  put  forward  for  analysis,  two
project   champions  (Dr  Brian  Woodward  and  Dr  Marc  Linster)
coordinated the efforts within their own domains of expertise; (1)
Text Analysis and (2) Models of Problem Solving, respectively.

(1) Text Analysis

Text-based  material  is  a  common  source  of  information   for
knowledge  engineers  when building knowledge-based systems.  Text
may  be  generated  from  interviews,  verbatim  protocols  and/or
textbooks   and  scientific  or  technical  papers.    Identifying
meaningful  information  and  then  developing  useful   knowledge
structures  from  text is the goal of text analysis for knowledge-
based development.

The call for submissions was directed  to  those  researchers  and
practitioners  who have developed methods, techniques or tools for
text  analysis.    The   goal   was   to   identify   and   select
representative  approaches  to text analysis and then to offer the
same textual material for analysis.

The submission was to contain brief but clear statements about:

     1.   the underlying assumptions of the approach
     2.   the method for parsing text passages
     3.   the method(s) and underlying assumptions for analysis
          of the parsed text
     4.   the knowledge representation formalism resulting from
          the analysis
     5.   potential uses for the method to knowledge engineers


(2) Models of Problem Solving

Many research groups tackle the problem of explicit  modelling  of
problem-solving  (see Karbach, Linster & Voss: "Models of Problem-
Solving: One Label - One Idea" in Proceedings of  EKAW90).    They
all use different examples to illustrate their work.  We wanted to
encourage  the  members  of  the  community  to  illustrate  their
approaches  using  one  test  bed  example  selected from a set of
common examples that the  organizers  of  Project  SISYPHUS  would
provide for the participants.

The problem to be modelled was to be a  realistic  synthesis  type
problem.   We  were mainly interested in the explicit modelling of
problem solving  methods.   There  was  no  implication  that  the
results  must  be  or  directly result in an operational knowledge
base.  Mediating representations or specifications that  were  not
directly executable would be welcome.

The  descriptions  of  the  models  would  make   the   approaches
comparable   and  this  comparison  would  hopefully  help  answer
questions such as:

     1.   How do the building blocks of each of the approaches
          correspond?
     2.   Which problem-solving steps does an approach use and
          are there common steps amongst the different
          approaches?
     3.   What grain size is there?
     4.   Which part of the knowledge is generic to all task
          domains?
     5.   What is task dependent in the approaches?
     6.   What is the role of the knowledge engineer?

The  descriptions  of  the  models  would  be  the  basis  of  the
discussion  at EKAW91 and these discussions would hopefully result
in a common terminology as  a  first  step  towards  a  theory  of
problem-solving in Knowledge-based Systems.

COLLOQUIUM FEES

The fees for this Colloquium are:

        Non-members of the BCS or IEE:          75 pounds
        Members of the BCS or IEE:              50 pounds
        Full-time post-graduate students:       25 pounds

These fees include:

(a)     A copy of the papers/reports presented at the Colloquium.
(b)     Lunch and refreshements.


REGISTRATION

A copy of the following form should be completed for  each  person
wishing to attend.  Completed forms should be returned (by mail or
FAX)  by  WEDNESDAY,  15th  MAY,  1991  AT  THE   LATEST.    Early
registration is advised.

A limited number of  full-time  postgraduate  student  places  are
available  at  the  specially discounted rate of 25 pounds.  These
will be allocated on a first come first served basis.

Please also return an acknowledgement (ideally by  completing  the
relevant  sections  on  the  form and replying to this message) of
your intention to attend.  Any enquiries  should,  preferably,  be
made by e-mail to:
                        duncan@uk.ac.strath.cs

SECRETARIAT

Please return the following registration details to:

        Duncan Smeed
        EKAW91 Organiser
        Department of Computer Science
        University of Strathclyde
        26 Richmond Street
        GLASGOW G1 1XH

        Tel:  (041) 552 4400 Ext 3587/3522
        Fax:  (041) 552 5330



                          REGISTRATION FORM

    Please register the following participant for the Colloquium at
    Strathclyde University on Monday 20th May 1991.

    NAME:           _________________________________________________

    ORGANISATION:   _________________________________________________

    ADDRESS:        _________________________________________________

                    _________________________________________________

                    _________________________________________________

                                    POST CODE _______________________

    TEL NO  _______________________ FAX NO    _______________________

    E-MAIL  _________________________________

    Tick

    [ ] I am not a member of the IEE/BCS - Colloquium fee:  75 pounds

    [ ] I am a member of the IEE/BCS* - Colloquium fee:     50 pounds

    [ ] I am a full-time p/g student - Colloquium fee:      25 pounds

    [ ] Please invoice me

    [ ] I enclose a cheque made payable to:
                            University of Strathclyde
        for the amount of:                             _______ pounds

    [ ] I have special dietary requirements as follows:

    [ ] I cannot attend but would like details of the EKAW-91
        Proceedings to be sent to me.

    [ ] Please send details of the 6th European Knowledge Acquisition
        Workshop (EKAW92).

    SIGNED: _______________________         DATE: ___________________

    *Delete as appropriate.  Membership No. _________________________


- -
UUCP:  ...!uunet!mcvax!ukc!strath-cs!duncan  | Dept. Computer Science
ARPA:  duncan%cs.strath.ac.uk@ucl-cs.arpa    | Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond St
JANET: duncan@uk.ac.strath.cs                | University of Strathclyde
Tel: +41 552 4400 Ext 3587, Fax: +41 552 5330| Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. G1 1XH

------------------------------
End of NL-KR Digest
*******************