nl-kr-request@CS.RPI.EDU (NL-KR Moderator Chris Welty) (05/09/91)
NL-KR Digest (Thu May 9 11:06:40 1991) Volume 8 No. 25 Today's Topics: help with article reference Knowledge-Based/Expert Systems Liability FYI - Informal Computing Workshop Program Volume One Issue Two : Applied Computer Translation ICAIL-91 AI and Law Conference Program and Registration Info Thomason at Brandeis University Colloquium Series Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.10.18] in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will not be promptly satisfied. If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead. BITNET subscribers: we now have a LISTSERVer for nl-kr. You may send submissions to NL-KR@RPIECS and any listserv-style administrative requests to LISTSERV@RPIECS. ----------------------------------------------------------------- To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: ecampbel@gara.une.oz.au (Ed Campbell) Newsgroups: comp.ai.nlang-know-rep Subject: help with article reference Keywords: knowledge Date: 9 May 91 01:02:09 GMT Can anyone help me with the full reference details of the following article, or the location/email address of the authors : V. Nguyen and K.J. Perry "Do We Really Know What Knowledge Is" (1990/1991?). ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Tue, 7 May 91 11:18:15 MST >From: BOB STRINGFIELD <bstring@mainz-emh2.army.mil> Subject: Knowledge-Based/Expert Systems Liability The April 15, 1991 issue of "Computerworld", Vol. XXV-15, (page 20) has an article on saying that damage caused by knowledge-based systems could lead to lawsuits that target everyone involved. It had further wordings such as "Designers of expert systems and end users who rely on their efforts are unaware of the risk they face should the system fail." and "A lawsuit based on injury caused by a knowledge-based or expert system has yet to make it into court, but the legal community is just waiting for a case to happen." I realize that one can document and test for all the possible outcomes known but how about those that are unknown. Would he be liable if his system caused harm for something discovered after marketing and if one spent all this time trying to preclude personal liability damage to all that just might come in contact with his system how is he ever going to sell it? [ perhaps you should attend ICAIL-91, described later in this issue - CW ] *********************************************************************** Robert (Bob) L. Stringfield, Computer Systems Analyst Mainz Army Depot Directorate, Management Information Systems (D/MIS) ATTN: SDSMZ-I APO NY 09185 COML (No ETS or Autovon available): 06131-696328 (Germany) FAX: 06131-696467 Electronic Mail: bstring@mainz-emh2.army.mil Alternative: bstring%mainz-emh2.army.mil@wsmr-simtel20.army.mil Truth: IGNORANCE hates knowledge.... ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Subject: FYI - Informal Computing Workshop Program Date: Thu, 09 May 91 11:38:30 -0400 >From: Jon Shultis <jon@incsys.com> Workshop on Informal Computing 29-31 May 1991 Santa Cruz, California Program Wednesday 29 May Conversational Computing and Adaptive Languages 8:15 Opening Remarks, Jon Shultis, Incremental Systems 8:30 Natural Language Techniques in Formal Languages, David Mundie, Incremental Systems 9:30 Building and Exploiting a User Model In Natural Language Information Systems, Sandra Carberry, University of Delaware 10:30 Break 10:45 Informalism in Interfaces, Larry Reeker, Institutes for Defense Analyses 11:45 Natural Language Programming in Solving Problems of Search, Alan Biermann, Duke University 12:30 Lunch 13:45 Linguistic Structure from a Cognitive Grammar Perspective, Karen van Hoek, University of California at San Diego 14:45 Notational Formalisms, Computational Mechanisms: Models or Metaphors? A Linguistic Perspective, Catherine Harris, University of California at San Diego 15:45 Break 16:00 Discussion 18:00 Break for dinner Thursday 30 May Informal Knowledge and Reasoning 8:15 What is Informalism?, David Fisher, Incremental Systems 9:15 Reaction in Real-Time Decision Making, Bruce D'Ambrosio, Oregon State University 10:15 Break 10:30 Decision Making with Informal, Plausible Reasoning, David Littman, George Mason University 11:15 Title to be announced, Tim Standish, University of California at Irvine 12:15 Lunch 13:30 Intensional Logic and the Metaphysics of Intensionality, Edward Zalta, Stanford University 14:30 Connecting Object to Symbol in Modeling Cognition, Stevan Harnad, Princeton University 15:30 Break 15:45 Discussion 17:45 Break 19:00 Banquet Friday 31 May Modeling and Interpretation 8:15 A Model of Modeling Based on Reference, Purpose and Cost-effectiveness, Jeff Rothenberg, RAND 9:15 Mathematical Modeling of Digital Systems, Donald Good, Computational Logic, Inc. 10:15 Break 10:30 Ideographs, Epistemic Types, and Interpretive Semantics, Jon Shultis, Incremental Systems 11:30 Discussion 12:30 Lunch and End of the Workshop 13:45 Steering Committee Meeting for Informalism '92 Conference, all interested participants are invited. Jon Shultis Incremental Systems Corp. 319 S. Craig St. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (412) 621-8888 (412) 621-0259 (FAX) ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: Tony McEnery <mcenery@comp.lancs.ac.uk> Newsgroups: comp.ai,comp.ai.nlang-know-rep Subject: Volume One Issue Two : Applied Computer Translation Date: 27 Apr 91 13:24:33 GMT Reply-To: Tony McEnery <mcenery@comp.lancs.ac.uk> The Journal Of Applied Computer Translation : Contents : Vol 1 Issue 1 L.Danlos & F. Namer (Talana-LISH,Paris,France) : "A Global Approach For Pronominalization In Text Generation." A. Fedag & E. Foxley (Nottingham University, UK) : "An Intelligent Lexical Analyser For Arabic." T. Witkam (BSO Research, Utrecht, Netherlands) : "Review : John Laffling's Towards High Precision MT." News Diary Subscriptions : Submissions : ACT Subscriptions, Tony McEnery, Sigma Press, Editor ACT, 1 South Oak Lane, UCREL Unit, Wilmslow, Computing Department, Cheshire, Lancaster University, SK9 6AR, Bailrigg, U.K. Lancaster, LA1 4YR, U.K. ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu Date: Thu, 2 May 91 10:36:00 -0400 >From: hafner@corwin.ccs.northeastern.edu (carole hafner) Subject: ICAIL-91 AI and Law Conference Program and Registration Info The 3rd International Conference on AI and Law June 25-28, 1991, Oxford University, UK Programme and Registration Information Sponsored by: The Society for Computers and Law (UK) Wang In Cooperation with ACM SIGART The field of AI and Law seeks both to develop useful applications of computers to law and to investigate fundamental mechanisms of legal reasoning. In addition, many researchers see the law as an ideal problem domain in which to address some of the basic theoretical issues in AI. The purpose of ICAIL-91 is to provide a forum for the latest research results and to stimulate further interdisciplinary collaboration, to demonstrate accomplishments in practical applications, and to provide a continuing focus for the growing AI and Law community. Previous meetings of the International Conference took place in Boston (1987) and Vancouver (1989). In response to the rapid increase in activity and interest in the field, it is planned to establish an International Society for AI and Law during the Conference. Schedule of Events Tuesday, 25 June AM Registration PM Tutorials and Workshop (see below) Evening Sherry Reception Wednesday, 26 June AM Official Opening, Paper Presentations PM Invited talk: "Legal Reasoning: Common Sense or Artificial Intelligence" by Prof. D. N MacCormick, Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh Paper Presentations Thursday, 27 June AM Paper Presentations PM Invited talk: "On the Role of Prototypes in Appellate Legal Argument" by Prof. L. T. McCarty, Computer Science Department and Faculty of Law Rutgers University Paper Presentations Evening Banquet Friday, 28 June AM Paper Presentations PM Panel Discussion: Rules and Cases. Moderated by Prof. D. H. Berman, Northeastern University School of Law Paper Presentations List of Paper Presentations Conceptual information retrieval in litigation support systems Vijay Mital, Agathoclis Stylianou, and Les Johnson Brunel University, Uxbridge UK Exploiting Isomorphism: Development of a KBS to support British Coal Insurance Claims Trevor Bench-Capon and Frans Coenen The University of Liverpool, UK The deep structure approach to knowledge representation and case-based reasoning legal expert systems Andrzej Kowalski Tolhurst, Druce & Emmerson, Melbourne 3000 AUSTRALIA Breaking the Boolean Barrier: FLEXICON, A Legal Text-Based Intelligent System Daphne Gelbart and J.C. Smith The University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C. CANADA V6T 1Y1 Reasoning with Portions of Precedents L. Karl Branting University of Wyoming, USA Arguments and Cases: An Inevitable Intertwining Edwina L. Rissland and David B. Skalak University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA Integrating Case Based Legal Reasoning with Object-Oriented/Rule Based Systems: IKBALS II John Zeleznikow La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria AUSTRALIA 3083 Networks at work: A connectionist approach to non-deductive legal reasoning G.J. van Opdorp, R.F. Walker, J.A. Schrickx, C. Groendijk, P.H. van den Berg Vrije University Amsterdam, The NETHERLANDS A tool in modelling disagreement in law: preferring the most specific argument Henry Prakken Vrije University Amsterdam, The NETHERLANDS Knowledge-based approaches to Government benefits analysis Marc Lauritsen Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA USA More IA Needed in AI: Interpretation Assistance for Coping With the Problem of Multiple Structural Interpretations Layman E. Allen and Charles S. Saxon University of Michigan, USA Incorporating Procedural Context into a Model of Case-Based Legal Reasoning Donald H. Berman and Carole D. Hafner Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA Norms and Formalization Henning Herrestad Norwegian Research Centre for Computers and Law Oslo, NORWAY Representing and reasoning about open-textured predicates Kathryn E. Sanders Brown University, Providence RI USA Toward an Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching Law Students to Argue with Cases Kevin D. Ashley and Vincnt Aleven University of Pittsburgh, USA Coping with change Paul Bratley, Jacques Fremont, Ejan Mackaay, Daniel Poulin Universite de Montreal, CANADA Inductive Modelling in Law: Example Based Expert Systems in Administrative Law Jorgen Karpf Technical University of Denmark Representation of legal text for conceptual retrieval Judith P. Dick University of Toronto, CANADA Extracting legal knowledge by means of a multilayer neural network application to municipal jurisprudence Laurent Bochereau, Daniele Bourcier, Paul Bourgine CNRS - Informatique Droit Linguistique, 75001 Paris FRANCE Indian Central Civil Service Pensions Rules: A case study in applying logic programming to regulations M.J. Sergot Imperial College, London A.S. Kamble and K.K. Bajaj Department of Electronics, CCI-Wing New Delhi 110003 INDIA Legislative knowledge base systems for public administration - some practical issues Peter Johnson and David Mead SoftLaw Corporation Pty Limited, Mawson ACT 2607 AUSTRALIA The DataLex Legal Workstation - Integrating tools for lawyers Andrew Mowbray, Graham Greenleaf and Alan Tyree University of Technology Sydney, AUSTRALIA Exact Legal Reasoning Formulated and Expressed via Prolog Barnett W. Glickfeld University of Chicago, USA The Structure of Norm Conditions and Nonmonotonic Reasoning in Law Giovanni Sartor University of Bologna, ITALY Legal theory and case-based reasoners: The importance of context and the process of focusing Kenneth A. Lambert and Mark Grunewald Washington and Lee University, Lexinton VA, USA THUMPER - An Expert System for Stamp Duty Gail Swaffield Ernst & Young London EC4A 1NH UK An Expert System for the Application of Import and Export Regulations G. Van Nevel, F. Balfroid, R. Venken BIM B-3078 Everberg BELGIUM Expert Systems in Alternative Dispute Resolution Michael L. Kayman and Moonja P. Kim U. S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Champaign, Illinois 61824-4005 USA A goal driven approach to knowledge based systems in law A. W. Koers and D. Kracht University of Utrecht, The NETHERLANDS Knowledge acquisition and knowledge base refinement problems in developing the KBS legal expert system Julia Barragna and Luciano Barragn Caracas, VENEZUELA The juricas-system: New applications and future developments C. van Noortwijk, P.A.W. Piepers, J.G.L. van der Wees, R.V. De Mulder Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, The NETHERLANDS Separating world and regulation knowledge: where is the logic? Joost Breuker and Nienke den Haan University of Amsterdam, The NETHERLANDS Loge-expert: From a Legal Expert System to an Information System for Non-Lawyers Louis-Clause Paquin, Francois Blanchard, Claude Thomasset Universite du Quebec a Montreal, CANADA An application of the expert system shell kilagi to the study benefits regulation of the Bologna University Giovanni Dallara, Carlo Gattei, Giovanni Sartor CIRFID, University of Bologna, Italy SIREDOJ: a legal assistance application about contracts for the building industry Diego Bercovich Universidad de Zaragoza, SPAIN Complex Input: A Practical Way of Increasing the Bandwidth for Feedback and Student Modelling in a Statute-based Tutoring System Tom Routen Leicester Polytechnic, UK Tutorials and Workshop (Tuesday, 25 June) A. Artificial Intelligence and Law: Opportunities and Challenges Donald H. Berman, School of Law Carole D. Hafner, College of Computer Science Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA This tutorial will provide an overview of the past accomplishments and current goals of research in AI and Law. We will consider the characteristics of legal reasoning and the legal system which have motivated an increasing number of AI scientists, legal scholars and practicing attorneys to become interested in AI and Law; we will review the major research directions within the field, including representation of legal rules as computer programs, "expert" legal advisors, legal practice systems, and conceptual retrieval. In each of these areas, we will describe the state-of-the art and indicate problems and issues for further research. Finally, we will briefly introduce some of the more theoretical work being done on modelling legal reasoning. This tutorial is aimed at both computer scientists and legal professionals who are not very familiar with the field of AI and Law and would like to gain some background prior to attending the Conference. B. Case-Based Reasoning Kevin D. Ashley, School of Law and Learning Research Development Center University of Pittsburgh, USA Case-based reasoning ("CBR") is an increasingly important new AI methodology that applies past experience, as represented by prior cases, to current decision making. CBR systems handle such diverse tasks as planning, design, diagnosis, argumentation, and negotiation. BRM requires a memory where past cases are organized. Successful cases are stored so that they can be retrieved and used in similar situation. Failures are also stored so that they can warn the problem solver of potential difficulties and provide repairs. CBR research addresses such questions as the brittleness of some expert systems and the need to assess relevance in context. This tutorial presents a comprehensive picture of current CBR research paradigms, examines issues and tradeoffs of designing and building CBR systems, shows why the legal domain is a good one for studying CBR, and treats special research issues including learning from solved problems and integrating rules and cases. The tutorial assumes some familiarity with AI, but it will not be highly technical and does not assume knowledge of programming. C. On the Use of Logic in the Representation of Regulations - WORKSHOP* Andrew J.I. Jones Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law, Oslo, Norway and Dept. of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK Marek J. Sergot, Dept. of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK We explore in some detail the so-called "definitional" approach to representation; we examine the conditions under which the deontic modalities which commonly occur in natural language formulations of regulations, may be "factored out"; and we try to clarify the conditions under which an explicit representation in logic of the deontic modalities will be essential. For intended applications in which deontic logic is required, we then raise the further issue of how sophisticated the deontic logic employed will have to be. Arguing that, for certain purposes, complex, technical issues in deontic logic cannot be avoided, we take a look at some ways in which they might be tackled. The Workshop will assume knowledge of elementary logic; some background knowledge of deontic logic will also be an advantage. *There is no charge for the workshop Conference Committee Conference Chair: Programme Chair: Richard Susskind Marek Sergot Masons, Solicitors Imperial College, London, UK 30 Aylesbury Street London ECIR OER UK Programme Committee: Tel. (071) 490-4000 T. Bench-Capon, Univ. of Liverpool, UK FAX: (071) 490-2545 D. Berman, Northeastern Univ., USA A. Gardner, Atherton, CA, USA Secretary/Treasurer T. Gordon, GMD, Bonn, Germany Carole Hafner A. Jones, Univ. of Oslo, Norway College of Computer Science L.T. McCarty, Rutgers Univ., USA Northeastern University E. Mackaay, Univ. of Montreal, Canada Boston, MA 02115 A. Oskamp, Vrije Univ.Amsterdam, Netherlands Tel: (617) 437-5116 E. Pattaro, Univ. Bologna, Italy Fax: (617) 437-5121 E. Rissland, Univ. Massachusetts, USA Internet: hafner@corwin.ccs.northeastern.edu - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ REGISTRATION INFORMATION Please return this form together with your check made payable to: "Society for Computers and Law" to: Mrs. R. Baker, Administrative Secretary Society for Computers and Law 10 Hurle Crescent, Clifton Bristol BS8 2TA England. Tel. 0272 237393 Fax: 0272 239305 Name______________________________________ Address___________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ Registration, Tutorial, and Accommodation Fees All fees are in pounds sterling and include 17.5% VAT Prior to May 31 After May 31 Registration Fee: 90.00 105.00 Student rate: 60.00 105.00 Residential Supplement(1) 162.00 162.00 24 June Supplement (2) 47.00 47.00 Non-residential Supplement(3) 72.00 72.00 Extra banquet tickets (no___) @36.00 Tutorial (A or B) 40.00 40.00 Supplement for non-sterling 11.75 11.75 check/bankers draft (4) Rate of Exchange Date of Exchange - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes: (1) Includes dormitory-style single room and all meals (including banquet) beginning dinner June 25 and ending lunch June 28. (2) Includes dinner and lodging June 24, breakfast June 25. (3) Includes only banquet June 27 and lunches June 26-28. (4) Those who wish to pay in their own currency should add an additional 11.75 processing fee to their total check before converting the total amound into their own currency at the rate of exchange on the date of postage. ------------------------------ To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu >From: Marie Meteer <mmeteer@bbn.com> Subject: Thomason at Brandeis University Colloquium Series Date: Fri, 19 Apr 91 09:59:28 EDT Mail-System-Version: <MacEMail_1.2.3@BBN.COM> [ way late, as usual posted for those interested anyway - CW ] Brandeis University Computer Science Department Colloquium Series Time: April 25, 1991 2:00 pm Place: Ford Hall, Brandeis University Inheritance Theory and Knowledge Representation Richmond H. Thomason The idea of inheritance arises naturally in almost any situation in which large amounts of information must be stored on a computer for intelligent processing. To store the information efficiently, to maintain coherence under updates, and to present the knowledge base sensibly to users, it is very useful to organize things so that what is more general can be related to what is more particular, allowing information to be stored at the highest level and transmitted down as needed. This flow of information from subsuming to subsumed items is called ``inheritance''. Well-known programming and knowledge representation systems incorporating inheritance include: FRL, KRL, SRL, KL-ONE, SMALLTALK, FLAVORS, LOOPS, ADA, and object-oriented LISP. This talk will provide an overview of the development of the theory of inheritance reasoning, beginning with Scott Fahlman's NETL (1977), David Touretzky's "The mathematics of inheritance" (1984), and concentrating on subsequent work by the Pittsburgh-based LINKUP project. Unlike much of the theoretical work in knowledge representation, this work provides models that can be used to guide and evaluate implementations. I will assume some familiarity with our work in nonmonotonic inheritance networks with only positive and negative IS-A links, and will concentrate on how this work can be extended to accommodate relational reasoning. I will illustrate the application of the ideas with some examples from linguistic domains in which the task is to represent lexical information, and will conclude with a brief summary of our plans to build and test a system for performing inheritance reasoning over very large knowledge bases. For more information contact: James Pustejovsky jamesp@chaos.cs.brandeis.edu ------------------------------ End of NL-KR Digest *******************