[comp.society.futures] Trend Extrapolation Examples

mcnamara@vixvax.mgi.com (03/22/90)

	Trend extrapolation has been called a good test to determine what
won't happen.  One example that is in print is included in the book 
_Augustine's Laws_ (Norman Augustine, Penguin, 1987).  It extrapolates
the increasing cost of tactical aircraft versus growth in the defense budget
and growth of the US GNP.  The aircraft cost equals the total defense
budeget in 2050, and it equals the GNP in 2120.  Clearly something has to
change.  I also remember someone from Intel(Andy Grove?) doing the 
same thing with memory geometry.  The result was that 20 or 30 years from
now the line widths couldn't be shrunk anymore as they approached physical
limits.  A third example is the _Limits to Growth_ debate.  The trends
explored here were exponential, and indicated horrible things happening to
the planet if these rates were continued.
	These cases have led some futurists and forecasters to state that
trend extrapolation is a better indication of what won't happen than it is
of what will happen.  Yet clearly, corporate planning models are based on
(usually) linear growth, and other life phenomena are modeled likewise.  
A personal example is inflation, which is assumed to increase the cost of
goods linearly, and pay scales (which we *hope* matches the inflation rate).
	The implication is that when extrapolation indicates that a system
boundary is reached, extrapolation will give incorrect results, and another
paradigm must be used.  Several years ago "S Shaped Curves" (initial 
exponential growth whose rate of change decreased as they approached a limit) 
were suggested.  Does anyone have a reference on these?  What other models
or tools have been used in this area?  What are some other examples?


Curt McNamara			"Our future world is our own growth in now,
mcnamara@mgi.com		 not in the tomorrow of passing-time"
				Maurice Nicoll, in _Parabola_ Feb. 1990

rick@hanauma.stanford.edu (Richard Ottolini) (03/22/90)

Just go to the library and puruse "future" books written in the 60s and 70s.
Most extrapolated trends and were wrong.