NEURON-Request@ti-csl.csc.ti.COM (NEURON-Digest moderator Michael Gately) (01/28/88)
NEURON Digest Thu Jan 28 08:32:42 CST 1988 Volume 3 / Issue 2 Today's Topics: NEURON Overview Abstracts Genesis of language (was: Why can't my cat talk, and a bunch of others) Re: Genesis of language (was: Why can't my cat talk, and a bunch of others) Neural net researchers in robotics Final meeting schedule for posting ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 29 Jan 87 From: Michael T. Gately <gately@ti-csl.csnet> Subject: NEURON Overview This issue of NEURON is a mixed bag of entries that I found floating around in my directory. Some ae very old (apologies) and several are worth looking at immediately. I have just completed a complicated series of vacations and presentations, which have given NEURON a shaky time schedule. I will try to smooth this out. The NEURON mailing list has approximately 700 entrie, many of which are redistribution accounts. I have threatened in the past to figure out a way to consolidate some of these -- but there does not seem to be a foolproof way. I'll keep working on it. Again, I am sorry for the inconsistencies of NEURON. Regards, Mike Gately ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 2 Dec 87 12:26:00 EST From: takefuji@uniks.ece.scarolina.edu Subject: Abstract A Conductance programmable "neural" chip based on a Hopfield model employs deterministically/stochastically controlled switched resistors Yutaka Akiyama*, Yoshiyasu Takefuji**, Yong B. Cho**, Yoshiaki Ajioka*, and Hideo Aiso* * Keio University Department of Electrical Engineering 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223 JAPAN ** University of South Carolina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Columbia, SC 29208 (803)-777-5099 Abstract The artificial neural net models have been studied for many years. There has been a recent resurgence in the field of artificial neural nets caused by Hopfield. Hopfield models are suitable for VLSI implementations because of the simple architecture and components such as OP Amps and resistors. However VLSI techniques for implementing the neural models face difficulties dynamically changing the values of the conductances Gij to represent the problem constraints. In this paper, VLSI neural network architectures based on a Hopfield model with deterministically/stochastically controlled variable conductances are presented. The stochastic model subsumes both functions of the hopfield model and Boltzmann machine in terms of neural behaviors. We are under implementations of two CMOS VLSI neural chips based on the proposed methods. ********************************************************************** Multinomial Conjunctoid Statistical Learning Machines Yoshiyasu Takefuji, Robert Jannarone, Yong B. Cho, and Tatung Chen Unversity of South Carolina Department of ECE Columbia, SC 29208 (803)777-5099 ABSTRACT Multinomial Conjunctoids are supervised statistical modules that learn the relationships among binary events. The multinomial conjunctoid algorithm precluded the following problems that occur in existing feedforward multi-layerd neural networks:(a) existing networks often cannot detemine underlying neural architectures, for example how many hidden layers should be used, how many neurons in each hidden layer are required, and what interconnections between neurons should be made;(b) existing networks cannot avoid convergence to suboptimal solutions during the learning process; (c) existing networks require many iterations to converge, if at all, to stable states; and (d) existing networks may not be sufficiently general to reflect all learning situations. By contrast multinomial conjunctoids are based on a well-developed statistical decision theory framework, which guarantees that learning algorithms will converge to optimal learning states as the number of learning trials increases, and that convergence during each trial will be very fast. ********************************************************************** Conjunctoids: Statistical Learning Modules for Binary Events Robert Jannarone, Kai Yu, and Y. Takefuji University of South Carolina Department of ECE Columbia, SC 29208 (803)777-7930 ABSTRACT A general family of fast and efficient PDP learning modules for binary events is introduced. The family (a) subsumes probabilistic as well as functional event associations; (b) subsumes all levels of input/output associations; (c) yields truly parallel learning processes; (d) provides for optimal parameter estimation; (e) points toward a workable description of optimal model performance; (f) provides for retaining and incorporating previously learned information; and (g) yields procedures that are simple and fast enough to be serious candidates for reflecting both neural functioning and real time machine learning. Examples as well as operationial details are provided. ********************************************************************** If you need the full copies of those papers, please state which papers you are requesting through Email, phone, or USmail. For Multinomial and VLSI neural chips papers: Dr. Y. Takefuji University of South Carolina Deparment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Columbia, SC 29208 (803)777-5099 (803)777-4195 takefuji@uniks.ece.scarolina.edu For Conjuncoids papers: Dr. Robert Jannarone University of South Carolina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Columbia, SC 29208 (803) 777-7930 jann@uniks.ece.scarolina.edu Thank you... ------------------------------ Date: 3 Dec 87 02:27:01 GMT From: tektronix!sequent!mntgfx!msellers@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (Mike Sellers) Subject: Genesis of language (was: Why can't my cat talk, and ...) [I've just recently gotten my posting powers back, so this may seem somewhat late. However, the discussion doesn't seem to have progressed too far in terms of answering some of the basic questions involved here, so I thought I'd go ahead and throw in some neurological data. I've included salient portions of the original article that started this whole thing, along with my comments. I'd appreciate comments, as I've not seen much in the way of cognition or linguistics from a neurological point of view on the net.] Mike Glantz wrote an article that ended with: > Does anyone have any concrete information about human brain physiology > which would favor the completely ``physiological'' hypothesis of > linguistic capability over the ``sociological/anthropological'' > explanation, or which would shed any other light on the question? I haven't seen much in the way of concrete information about these questions on the net, so I'm posting what I know. I think many of the people interested in problems like this one would do well to become more familiar with recent neurological findings; while they often follow what you might assume or intuit to be true, the human brain is often stranger and more elegant that you would imagine. The rest of the references here are from Mike Glantz's original article. > Much discussion about neural networks carries the implication that it > is a human brain researchers are hoping, ultimately, to simulate, and > that a successful simulation will exhibit human linguistic capability. > This is certainly an admirable and worthwhile, if ambitious, goal. But > current models don't seem to have any features which would distinguish > a human brain from, say, a cat's brain (I realize this is very early > days - no criticism intended). This will eventually have to be dealt > with. More precisely: current connectionist models are much closer to the brain of the Aplysia (sea hare, a type of sea slug), or even the planaria's ganglia, than they are to the human brain, both in terms of absolute neural complexity and internal symbolic structure. Both the amount of neural structure (whether biological or synthetic in origin) and the synaptic and symbolic organization of that structure are important to an understanding of what is happening and how it happens. (I am using the work 'symbolic' here to denote any software- like components of the neural organization; this level of complexity may derive some of its attributes from the underlying physical structure --what Pylyshyn calls the 'functional architecture'-- but the specific function of the architecture is not derivable by examining the structure itself.) Little is known about how and why the human brain organizes (lateralizes) itself on a neural or nuclear (groups of neurons) level as it does. This knowledge is crucial to performing any sort of artificial simulation of human linguistic capabilities. What is known, however, can shed some light on many of the questions being bandied about in this discussion. > One possible explanation for why humans have language and cats don't is > that there may be one or more physiological structures unique to the > human brain, other than its larger capacity, which make language > possible. This is the most obvious explanation that comes to mind, and > is perfectly reasonable, although we haven't yet identified which > structures these are, or what roles they might play. On a large scale, it is known that two areas of the brain are specific to linguistic ability. These are Broca's and Wernicke's areas, which appear in the left frontal and temporal cortices of most adult humans. They do not appear in other animals. Some humans develop with these areas in other places (i.e. about 30% of all left-handers lateralize with these areas in the right hemisphere, and a few people seem to have speech control resident in both hemispheres), but with only a few pathological exceptions, they do appear in all human brains. It is probable that the amount of cortical mass does have to with the ability to develop areas like Broca's and Wernicke's: cortical real estate is expensive, so having areas with functions like linguistics probably depends on having enough 'other' mass to devote to everything else the organism needs to be doing. > But another possibility is that maybe the larger brain capacity is > sufficient, but that language is possible only after certain > ``internal'' or ``symbolic'' structures are built on top of the > physiological base. This building occurs during infancy and early > childhood, and the resulting structures can be considered to be part of > the human brain, every bit as real as the physiologically observable > features. There are structural differences between Broca's and Wernicke's areas and the rest of the cerebral cortex, and identifiable connections between these two areas (called the Arcuate fasciculus, I believe) as well. Broca's area is adjacent to the motor cortex, and controls facial expression, phonation, etc., while Wernicke's area controls comprehension, sentence construction, etc. Many tests and case studies have shown how integral these two areas are to our creation and comprehension of speech. On the other hand, these areas do not appear to be differentiated from the rest of the cortex at birth. Some areas, such as the visual, sensory, and motor cortices, are already well developed and dedicated to their specific function at birth, even though the brain is still rapidly growing at this point (some estimates put the rate of growth at 100,000 new neurons per minute!). Other areas, such as most of the pre-frontal and temporal lobes, appear to be 'blank' at birth. That is, the neural and glial structures are present, but no specific function has been assigned to or adopted by that area. What is interesting is what happens beginning just before birth, and for several years afterwards: neurons die in droves. It seems that each neuron sends out many (thousands) of afferent and efferent fibers to other neurons (how each knows which and how many to send out initially is still a mystery). These fibers will eventually become dendrites (for input) and axons (for output). What then happens is that those fibers that are used (stimulated) become thicker and stronger, and in the case of dendrites, put out smaller hair-like fibers. Those fibers that are not used die off, severing the previously made connection. If enough fibers from a cell are not used, the cell itself dies. Probably what is happening is that those fibers that are used get preferential supplies of mitochondria and Golgi complexes, leaving others to wither from disrepair; if too few fibers are used, the cell itself does not maintain enough mitochondria and Golgi complexes to keep it going, and so it dies. The upshot of this is a sort of 'survival of the fittest' among neurons: those that are used the most survive, while others die. Since connections between neurons in the brain is most of what matters (if not all that matters), this has a profound effect on the developing organism as a whole. This process of neural death peaks out in humans at around 5 years old, I believe, and generally ends by the time we are 7-10 years old. It is unclear how much neural death and/or regeneration takes place after this point, but it is clearly over on any large scale by this time. In some areas of the brain, 10-20% percent of the neurons die (as in the visual system, where the error rate for initial fibers seems to be as low as 5%, even among billions of possible connections), while in other areas (such as the pre-frontal cortex), up to 85% of the initial population die off. It is probably safe to make a connection between those areas that have high incidence of neural death and those that are affected by the environment and other non-biological factors. The pre-frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes (where we do much of our "thinking", associating, comprehending, remembering, speaking, pattern matching, etc.) are all severely affected by the neural death. > [...] > The principal hypothesis, here, is that, given sufficient relative > brain capacity, and the appropriate socialization process, any > individual of another species (a porpoise, for example) could acquire > linguistic ability. I don't think so. What is involved in the development of the brain is more than just socialization; it also has to do with feedback with sensory and motor targets in the body (if a mouse has no whiskers on one side, all 'those' neurons will connect up with the whiskers on the other side) as well as with evolutionary trends. Clearly the environment (and thus socialization) play a large role in how brain develops, as studies with rich/nominal/deprived environments have shown, but this is not the only factor. Even brain size (or more accurately, central nervous system weight to body weight ratio) is not necessarily a limiting factor. Porpoises, for example, though they have a CNS to body ratio similar to humans, have little 'blank' space in their brains that could take up tasks like high-order association or lingusitics. That they do not possess the organs for speech further compounds the problem. While animals in 'enriched' developmental environments will end up with thicker, denser cortices, better dendritic connections between neurons, and seemingly more intelligence, they will not spontaneously start using portions of their brains for previously unknown tasks (at least, not so far as we know :-) ). Thus a mouse will not develop a more complex mouse-language or the ability to perform previously undo-able tasks after being raised in an enriched environment. It may do tasks that other mice can do better than many of them, but it will not start doing really new things. (While this might lead you to believe that *no one* could come up with new cortical functions, keep in mind that all studies done so far do not take in to account evolutionary time periods. This could make a large difference.) > [Aside: It is known that the human brain (and that of other mammals, as > well) undergoes physiological changes during the period of infancy and > early childhood. It is possible that the initial acquisition of > linguistic skills can only occur effectively during this period, during > which time these physiological changes are significantly ``molded'' by > the socialization process, where certain ``symbolic'' structures > actually become ``wired in''. If this were the case, then the period > during which basic linguistic ability can be acquired would be limited > to this ``crystallization'' period, which is possibly much longer in > humans than in other mammals. We would then have to amend the > hypothesis to read: given sufficient brain capacity and a sufficiently > long ``crystallization period'' etc. It then remains (among other > things) to determine the exact nature of this ``crystallization'', and > incorporate a sufficiently long duration of this in a computer model. I have discussed briefly the period of development/molding that comes about in the CNS by the process of massive neural genesis, followed by massive neural death. This is almost certainly responsible for much of the high learning rate seen in human children. Once the brain is relatively stabilized (after age 8 or so), it may be that all subsequent learning is accomplished with intra-neuron changes and changes in synaptic weights. It is probable that some neural change occurs in response to learning in adults, though nothing like what is seen in children. This is also probably the source of the 'crystallization period' brought up here, and accounts for much of what has been discussed since. I would amend the above hypothesis to read as follows: Linguistic ability (as an example of complex cognitively-learned behaviors, as opposed to things like 3D visual perception) can only be brought about given a base containing enough neural structure with a long period of highly dynamic change and maturation and enough stimulation of the structure to organize it into function groups (ala neuronal nuclei). This is a view of linguistic onset and cognition in general that relies more on the developmental aspects of the brain than has been fashionable since the cognitive sciences became any sort of a reality. I do not believe that we will ever realize natural language processing or any other sort of complex cognitive ability in artificial systems until we learn more about the development of the human brain and take this information into account in our models. Comments would be appreciated. Mike Sellers ...!tektronix!sequent!mntgfx!msellers Mentor Graphics Corp., EPAD ------- ------------------------------ Date: 5 Dec 87 02:52:39 GMT From: ptsfa!well!wcalvin@ames.arpa (William Calvin) Subject: Re: Genesis of language (was: Why can't my cat talk, and ...) Apropos cell death in brains, the old saw about losing 10,000 neurons every day is now being challenged by the people that work on cerebral cortex; they seem to think that there is little neuron loss there during most of postnatal life. Some subcortical areas like substantia nigra do lose 50% of cells by age 70, while adjacent regions in midbrain may lose less than 2%. But there is a LOT of synapse death -- or, as I like to phrase it, withdraw of axon collaterals, breaking synapses. Synaptic density in neocortex peaks at 8 months after birth (in humans; 2 months in monkey) -- and then drops by 30-50% during childhood. After puberty, the data gets too noisy to interpret. So there is a lot of opportunity for Darwinian editing of randomly-made synaptic connection, achieving information storage by carving (rather like photographic development removes unexposed silver grains). I review a variety of Darwinian selection stories in my piece in the 5 November 1987 NATURE 330:33-34, entitled "The brain as a Darwin Machine." William H. Calvin University of Washington NJ-15, Seattle WA 98195 206/328-1192 wcalvin@well.uucp ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 30 Dec 87 06:59 PST From: nesliwa%nasamail@ames.arpa (NANCY E. SLIWA) Subject: Neural net researchers in robotics Thanks to all of you who responded to my request for names of researchers doing connectionist research in the robotics domain. As I have had several requests for copies of that list, I am posting it here. A few disclaimers: I merely took the names sent to me, weeded out the duplicates, and put them in alphabetical order. Formats and cases are dissimilar for several entries. There is no guarantee that all the people listed are working in the robotics domain; in fact, I doubt that is the case. I put *** by the names that were repeatedly suggested to me, about 10 from the list of ~75. I have also had several requests about the ACC session on robotic applications of connectionist systems. I will post that in a subsequent message. Nancy Sliwa MS 152D NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23665-5225 804/865-3871 nesliwa%nasamail@ames.arpa Dr. Albert Ahumada NASA Ames Research Center 415/694-6257 James Albus National Bureau of Standards Aleksander, Igor (UK) Imperial College of Sci.& Technol. Department of Computing, 180 Queens Gate London SW7 2BZ, Tel.:(1)5895111 ext.4985 de Almeida, Luis B. (PORTUGAL) University of Lisboa Inst. Eng. Comp. Systems, Rua Alves Redol 9 P-1000 Lisboa, Tel.:(1)544607 Chuck Anderson cwa@gte-labs (csnet) connectionist methods for learning to balance an inverted pendulum GTE Laboratories Inc. 40 Sylvan Road Waltham, MA 02254 617-466-4157 Anderson, Dana Z. (USA) University of Colorado Department of Physics Boulder, CO 80309, Tel.:(303)492-5202 Comp.Net: DANA@JILA.BITNET Anninos, Photios (GREECE) University of Thraki Dept. Medicine, Neurol.& Med. Physics G-68100 Alexandroupolis, Tel.:(551)25292 Arbib, Michael A. (USA) *** University of Southern California Computer Science Dept., University Park Los Angeles, CA 90089-0782, Tel.:(213)743-6452 Comp.Net: ARBIB@USC-CSE.USC.EDU.CSNET Barhen, Jacob (USA) *** Oak Ridge National Laboratory (moved to JPL/CalTech) P.O.Box X Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Tel.:(615)5746162 Comp.Net: JBY@ORNL-MSR.ARPA Andrew Barto connectionist methods for learning to balance an inverted pendulum GTE Laboratories Inc. 40 Sylvan Road Waltham, MA 02254 617-466-4157 George Bekey grasping, connectionist models of material handling using multiple mobile robots bekey@usc-cse.usc.edu Beroule, Dominique (FRANCE) LIMSI-CNRS Lab. Inform. Mecan.& Sci. l'Ing. F-91406 Orsay, Tel.:(16)9418250 Berthoz, Alain (FRANCE) CNRS Laboratoire de Physiol. Neurosensorielle 15 rue de l'Ecole de Medicine F-75270 Paris, Tel.:(1)4329-6154 Bienenstock, Elie (FRANCE) Universite de Paris-Sud Laboratoire de Neurobiol. du Developement Centre d'Orsay - Bat. 440 F-91405 Orsay, Tel.:(16)941-7825 Comp.Net: UNHA002@FRORS12.BITNET Dan Bullock Center for Adaptive Systems Department of Mathematics Boston University Boston, MA 02215 Caianiello, Eduardo R. (ITALY) Universita di Salerno Dipartimento di Fiscia Teorica I-84100 Salerno, Tel.:(89)878299 Dr. Gail Carpenter Northeastern University Department of Mathematics, 504LA 360 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115 Dr. Leon Cooper Brown University Center for Neural Science Providence, RI 02912 Cotterill, Rodney M. J. (DENMARK) Technical University of Denmark Div. Molecular Biophysics, Building 307 DK-2800 Lyngby, Tel.:(2)882488 Daunicht, Wolfgang (W.GERMANY) Universitt Dsseldorf Dept. Biophysics, Universittsstr. 1 D-4000 Dsseldorf 1, Tel.:(211)311-4538 Comp.Net: DAUNICHT@DD0RUD81.BITNET Dreyfus, Gerard (FRANCE) ESPCI Lab. d'Electronique, 10 rue Vauquelin F-75005 Paris, Tel.:(1)3377700 Comp.Net: UIFR000@FRORS31.BITNET Eckmiller, Rolf (W.GERMANY) Universitt Dsseldorf Dept. Biophysics, Universittsstr. 1 D-4000 Dsseldorf 1, Tel.:(211)311-4540 Comp.Net: ECKMILLE@DD0RUD81.BITNET Feldman, Jerome A. (USA) *** University of Rochester Computer Science Department Rochester, NY 14627, Tel.:(716)275-5492 Comp.Net: FELDMAN@ROCHESTER.ARPA FUKUSHIMA, KUNIHIKO (JAPAN) *** NHK BROADCASTING SCIENCE RESEARCH LAB. 1-10-11, KINUTA, SETAGAYA TOKYO 157, JAPAN TEL.:(3)415-5111 GARTH, SIMON (UK) TEXAS INSTRUMENTS LTD. MANTON LANE, M/S 4223 BEDFORD MK41 7PA TEL.:(234)223843 John Gilmore Georgia Tech Research Institute image processing Nigel Goddard Recognition from motion, motion control goddard@venera.isi.edu Dr. Stephen Grossberg *** Center for Adaptive Systems Room 244 111 Cummington Street Boston University Boston, MA 02215 HARTMANN,KLAUS-PETER(W.GERMANY) UNIVERSITAET PADERBORN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POHLWEG 7 D-4790 PADERBORN TEL:(5251)601-2206 HECHT-NIELSEN, ROBERT (USA) NEUROCOMPUTER CORP. 5893 OBERLIN DRIVE SAN DIEGO, CA 92121 TEL.: (619)546-8877 HERTZ, JOHN (DENMARK) NORDITA TEORETISK ATOMFYSIK BLEGDAMSVEJ 17 DK-2100 KOBENHAVN 0 TEL.:(1)421616 Geoffrey Hinton *** University of Toronto (was at CMU) HOFFMANN, KLAUS-PETER (W.GERMANY) UNIVERSITAET BOCHUM DEPT.GEN.ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITAETSSTR.150 D-4630 BOCHUM TEL.:(234)700-4364 HUBERMAN, BERNARDO A. (USA) XEROX PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER 3333 COYOTE HILL ROAD PALO ALTO, CA 94304 TEL.:(415)494-4147 COMP.NET: HUBERMAN@XEROX.ARPA Thea Iberall *** Hartford Gradate Center (currently at Toronto for the semester) neural networks for modeling human prehension JACKEL, LARRY D. AT & T BELL LABS. ROOM 4D-433 HOLMDEL, NJ 07733 TEL.:(201)949-7773 Mike Jordan Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst (413) 545-1596 Dr. Pentti Kanerva *** NASA Ames Research Center 415/694-6922 ARPA: kanerva@riacs.edu UUCP: ames!riacs!kanrva KOCH, CHRISTOF (USA) CALTECH DIVISION OF BIOLOGY, 216-76 PASADENA, CA 91125 TEL.:(818)356-6855 COMP.NET:KOCH@HAMLET.BITNET KOENDERNIK, JAN J. (NETHERLAND) RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT FYSISCH LAB. PRINCETONPLEIN 5 NL-3508 TA UTRECHT TEL.:(30)533985 KOHONEN, TEUVO (FINLAND) HELSINKI UNIV. OF TECHNOLOGY DEPT. OF TECHNICAL PHYSICS SF-02150 ESPOO 15 TEL.:(0)460144 KORN, AXEL (W.GERMANY) FRAUNHOFER-INSTITUT INFORMATIONS- UND DATENVERARBEITUNG SEBASTIAN-KNEIPP-STR. 12-14 D-7500 KARLSRUHE 1 TEL.:(721)60911 V. D. MALSBURG, CHRISTOPH (W.GERMANY) MPI BIOPHS. CHEMIE DEPT. NEUROBIOLOGY NIKOLAUSBERG D-3400-GOETTINGEN TEL.:(551)201-623 COMP.NET: MPC07M AT DGOGWD01..BITNET MAY, DAVID (UK) INMOS LTD. 1000 AZTEC WEST, ALMONDSBURY BRISTOL BS124 SQ TEL.:(454)616616 Tom Miller Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham (EE Dept) MOORE, WILL R. (UK) OXFORD UNIVERSITY DEPT. OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE PARKS ROAD OXFORD OX1 3PJ TEL.:(865)273000 John Nagle adaptive control of a skidding autonomous vehicle Center for Design Research Stanford 415-856-0767 jbn@glacier.stanford.edu NIJMAN,A.(LOEK)J.(NETHERLANDS) PHILIPS RESEARCH LABS. WB3,P.O.BOX 80 000 NL-5600 JA EINDHOVEN TEL.:(40)742558 ORBAN, GUY (BELGIUM) KATHOL. UNIVERSITY LEUVEN LAB. NEURO- AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY B-3000 LEUVEN TEL.:(16)215740 PALM, GUENTHER (W.GERMANY) MPI FUER BIOLOGISCHE KYBERNETIK SPEMANNSTR. 38 D-7400 TUEBINGEN 1 TEL.:(7071)601551 COMP.NET:DKWA001@DTUZDV5A.BITNET PATARNELLO, STEFANO (ITALY) IBM ECSEC VIA GIORGIONE 159 I-00147 ROME TEL.:(6)54861 COMP.NET: PATARNEL AT IECSEC.BITNET PELLIONISZ, ANDRAS J. (USA) *** NEW YORK UNIVERSITY DEPT. PHYSIOLOGY & BIOPHYSICS 550 FIRST AVENUE NEW YORK, NY 10016 TEL.:(212)340-5422 PHILLIPS, WILLIAM A. (UK) UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING DEPT. PSYCHOLOGY STIRLING FK9 4LA TEL.:(786)73171 Gil Pitney robotic path planning UCSB Comp. Sci. Dept. (805)961-8221. REEKE, GEORGE N. ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY 1230 YORK AVENUE NEW YORK, NY 10021 TEL.:(212)570-7627 COMP.NET:CDRNI@CUNYVM.BITNET SAMI, MARIAGIOVANNA (ITALY) POLITECNICO DI MILANO DEPT. ELECTRONICS PLAZA L. DA VINCI 32 I-20133 MILANO TEL.:(2)2367241 SCHULTEN, KLAUS (W.GERMANY) TU MUENCHEN PHYSIK-DEPARTMENT JAMES-FRANCK-STR. D-8046 GARCHING B. MUENCHEN TEL.:(89)3209-2368 V. SEELEN, WERNER (W.GERMANY) JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITAET DIVISION OF BIOPHYSICS SAARSTR. 21 D-6500 MAINZ TEL.:(6131)39-2471 SEJNOWSKI, TERRENCE J. (USA) *** JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOPHYSICS, JENKINS HALL BALTIMORE, MD 21218 TEL.:(301)338-8687 John Shepanski TRW, MS O2/1779 One Space Park Redondo Beach, CA, 90278 SINGER, WOLF (W.GERMANY) MPI FUER HIRNFORSCHUNG DIV. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY DEUTSCHORDENSTR. 46 D-6000 FRANKFURT 71 TEL.:(69)6704-218 Dr. Terrence Smith robotic path planning UCSB Comp. Sci. Dept. (805)961-8221. Paul Scott Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor (ECE Dept.) Don Soloway neural nets for robot manipulator kinematics MS 152D NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23665-5225 804/865-3871 Rich Sutton GTE Labs (617) 466-4133 rich@gte-labs.csnet TANK, DAVID W. (USA) AT & T BELL LABS MOLEC BIOPHYS. RES. DEPT. 600 MOUNTAIN AVENUE MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 TEL.:(201)582-7058 Dr. Richard F. Thompson Stanford University Department of Psychology Bldg. 4201 -- Jordan Hall Stanford, CA 94305 TORRAS, CARME (SPAIN) UNIV. DE POLITECH. DE CATALONIA INSTITUTE FOR CYBERNETICS, DIAGONAL 647 E-08028 BARCELONA TEL.:(3)249-2842 TRELEAVEN, PHILIP (UK) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE GOWER STREET LONDON WC1E 6BT TEL.: 13877050 COMP.NET: TRELEAVEN@CS.UCL.AC.UK.ARPA WALLACE,DAVID J.(UK) UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH DEPT.PHYSICS MAYFIELD ROAD EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ TEL:(31)6671081 ext.2850 Dr. Andrew B. Watson NASA Ames Research Center 415/694-5419 Dr Allen Waxman Laboratory for Sensory Robotics Boston University waxman@buengc.bu.edu WEISBUCH, GERARD (FRANCE) ECOLE NORMAL SUPERIEURE PHYSIQUE DES SOLIDES 24 RUE LHOMOND F-75231 PARIS TEL.:(1)43291225 EXT.3475 ZEEVI, JOSHUA Y. (ISRAEL) TECHNION ISRAEL INST. TECHNOL. DEPT. OD ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING HAIFA 32000, ISRAEL TEL.: (4)293111 ZUCKER,STEVEN(CANADA) MCGILL UNIVERSITY DEPT.ELECTRICAL ENG. MONTREAL,P.Q. TEL:(514)398-7134 COMP.NET:ZUCKER@SRI-IU.ARPA ZUSE, KONRAD (W.GERMANY) IM HASELGRUND 21 D-6518 HUENFELD TEL.:(6652)2928 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 12 Jan 88 13:19:58 EST From: Ennio Mingolla <ennio%bucasb.bu.edu@bu-it.bu.edu> Subject: Final meeting schedule for posting ************************************************************************** ***** Final Meeting Schedule: (Please Post) ***** VISUAL FORM AND MOTION PERCEPTION: PSYCHOPHYSICS, COMPUTATION, AND NEURAL NETWORKS Friday and Saturday, March 4 and 5, 1988 Conference Auditorium, George Sherman Union, Boston University 775 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts This meeting has been dedicated to the memory of the late KVETOSLAV PRAZDNY, who was to have been a speaker, and whose tragic death has deprived the field of visual perception of one of its most talented investigators. Schedule for Day 1, Friday, March 4, 1988 MORNING: 8:00 Coffee and Doughnuts 8:30 L. AREND, Eye Research Institute. Lightness and color in complex scenes 9:20 A. REEVES, Northeastern University. Fundamental mechanisms of color vision 10:10 Coffee and Discussion 10:30 W. RICHARDS, MIT. Encoding shape by curvature 11:20 J. DAUGMAN, Harvard University. Image segmentation by networks for signal orthogonalization 12:10 Discussion 12:20 Lunch AFTERNOON: 1:50 E. MINGOLLA, Boston University. Recent results in emergent visual segmentations 2:40 S. GROSSBERG, Boston University. Filling in the forms: Monocular and binocular constraints on surface lightness perception 3:30 Coffee and Discussion 3:50 I. BIEDERMAN, University of Minnesota. Invariant primitives for visual image understanding 4:40 Discussion 5:15 -- 7:00 Reception at The Castle, 225 Bay State Road. Schedule for Day 2, Saturday, March 5, 1988 MORNING: 8:00 Coffee and Doughnuts 8:30 S. ZUCKER, McGill University. From orientation selection to optical flow 9:20 G. SPERLING, New York University. Non-Fourier motion perception and its relations to orientation perception and structure from motion 10:10 Coffee and Discussion 10:30 J. LAPPIN, Vanderbilt University. The optical information for perceiving metric structure from motion 11:20 J. TODD, Brandeis University. Perception of smoothly curved surfaces 12:10 Discussion 12:20 Lunch AFTERNOON: 1:50 R. SAVOY, Rowland Institute. Traditional form and motion stimuli presented to isolated cone classes 2:40 V. RAMACHANDRAN, UCSD. The utilitarian theory of perception: Interactions between motion, form, color, and texture 3:30 Coffee and Discussion 3:50 P. CAVANAGH University of Montreal. Motion: The long and the short of it 4:40 S. ANSTIS, York University. (To be announced) 5:30 -- 6:00 Discussion This meeting is sponsored by the Boston Consortium for Behavioral and Neural Studies, a group of researchers supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Life Sciences Program. A Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge is located at 575 Commonwealth Avenue, and a limited number of rooms at a reduced conference rate can be reserved until February 10, 1988. Registration and hotel accomodations for the meeting are being handled by: UNIGLOBE--Vision Meeting Telephone: 40 Washington Street (800) 521-5144 Wellesley Hills, MA 02181 (617) 235-7500 A meeting registration and hotel reservation form is attached. For more information, contact UNIGLOBE at the above address or telephone numbers. ****************** insert page break here ******************************** ***** Registration Form ***** VISUAL FORM AND MOTION PERCEPTION: PSYCHOPHYSICS, COMPUTATION, AND NEURAL NETWORKS Friday and Saturday, March 4 and 5, 1988 Conference Auditorium, George Sherman Union, Boston University 775 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts You can enclose a check to cover the registration fee and hotel deposit (the charge for one night), or use a credit card (American Express, Mastercard, of Visa). If you use a credit card, you will only be charged the registration fee when this form is received, and your card number will serve to hold your hotel room. Room cancellations must be received at least 48 hours before scheduled check-in, or you will be charged for one night. MEETING REGISTRATION FEE: $ 25.00 Refreshments will be provided during the meeting, and a reception for all registrants will be held after the talks on Friday, March 4 at The Castle, 225 Bay State Road, Boston. CHECK AS APPLICABLE: ___ I do not need a room. ___ I wish to reserve a room for the nights of: ___ Thursday, March 3 ___ Friday, March 4 ___ Saturday, March 5 I would like to reserve a: ___ single occupancy room ($78.00 per night). ___ double occupancy room ($84.00 per night). NOTE: If you choose a double room, enter the name of the person sharing your room:_______________________________ ___ I have enclosed a check for $__________ to cover the meeting registration fee (and hotel room deposit, if applicable). ___ Charge my ___ American Express ___ Mastercard ___ Visa for the registration fee: Card number:______________________________ Expires:________________ Name: ___________________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Telephone: ___________________________________________________ Send this form and your check, if applicable, to: UNIGLOBE--Vision Meeting Telephone: 40 Washington Street (800) 521-5144 Wellesley Hills, MA 02181 (617) 235-7500 For further information about travel or accomodation arrangements, contact UNIGLOBE at the above address or telephone numbers. ------------------------------ End of NEURON-Digest ********************