maart@cs.vu.nl (Maarten Litmaath) (03/11/89)
barmar@think.COM (Barry Margolin) writes:
\In vi, $ is the same as :$<RET>.
Wrongo.
: This is a shar archive. Extract with sh, not csh.
: This archive ends with exit, so do not worry about trailing junk.
: --------------------------- cut here --------------------------
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb
echo Extracting 'vi.ref'
sed 's/^X//' > 'vi.ref' << '+ END-OF-FILE ''vi.ref'
X////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
X/ VI REFERENCE (by maart@cs.vu.nl) /
X////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
X
Xdefault values : 1
X^X : <ctrl>x
X[*] : * is optional
X<*> : * must not be taken literally
X<sp> : space
X<cr> : carriage return
X<lf> : linefeed
X<ht> : horizontal tab
X<esc> : escape
X<del> : delete
X<a-z> : an element in the range
XN : number (* = allowed, - = not used)
XCHAR : char unequal to <ht>|<sp>
XWORD : word followed by <ht>|<sp>|<lf>
X
X/////////////////
X/ move commands /
X/////////////////
X
X N | Command | Meaning
X---+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------
X * | h | ^H | <*> chars to the left
X * | j | <lf> | ^N | <*> lines downward
X * | l | <sp> | <*> chars to the right
X * | k | ^P | <*> lines upward
X * | $ | to the end of line <*> from the cursor
X - | ^ | to the first CHAR of the line
X * | _ | to the first CHAR <*> - 1 lines lower
X * | - | to the first CHAR <*> lines higher
X * | + | <cr> | to the first CHAR <*> lines lower
X - | 0 | to the first char of the line
X * | | | to column <*> (<ht>: only to the endpoint !)
X * | f<char> | <*> <char>s to the right (find)
X * | t<char> | till before <*> <char>s to the right
X * | F<char> | <*> <char>s to the left
X * | T<char> | till after <*> <char>s to the left
X * | ; | repeat latest "f"|"t"|"F"|"T" <*> times
X * | , | idem in opposite direction
X * | w | <*> words forward
X * | W | <*> WORDS forward
X * | b | <*> words backward
X * | B | <*> WORDS backward
X * | e | to the end of word <*> forward
X * | E | to the end of WORD <*> forward
X * | G | go to line <*> (default EOF)
X * | H | to line <*> from top of the screen (home)
X * | L | to line <*> from bottom of the screen (last)
X - | M | to the middle line of the screen
X * | ) | <*> sentences forward
X * | ( | <*> sentences backward
X * | } | <*> paragraphs forward
X * | { | <*> paragraphs backward
X - | ]] | to the next section (default EOF)
X - | [[ | to the previous section (default begin of file)
X - | `<a-z> | to the mark
X - | '<a-z> | to the first CHAR of the line with the mark
X - | `` | to the cursor position before the latest absolute
X | jump (of which are examples "/" and "G")
X - | '' | to the first CHAR of the line on which the cursor
X | was placed before the latest absolute jump
X - | /<string> | to the next occurrence of <string>
X - | ?<string> | to the previous occurrence of <string>
X - | n | repeat latest "/"|"?" (next)
X - | N | idem in opposite direction
X - | % | find the next bracket and go to its match
X | (also { } and [ ])
X
X/////////////////////////
X/ searching (see above) /
X/////////////////////////
X
X^] | search in the tags file where the function under the
X | cursor is defined (file, line) and go to it
X:[x,y]g/<string>/<cmd> | search globally [from line x to y] after <string>
X | and execute the "ex" <cmd> on each occurrence
X
X///////////////////
X/ undoing changes /
X///////////////////
X
Xu | undo the latest change
XU | undo all changes on a line, while not having moved
X | off it (unfortunately)
X:q! | quit vi without writing
X:e! | re-edit a messed-up file
X
X///////////////////////////////////
X/ appending text (end with <esc>) /
X///////////////////////////////////
X
X * | a | <*> times after the cursor
X * | A | <*> times at the end of line
X * | i | <*> times before the cursor (insert)
X * | I | <*> times before the first CHAR of the line
X * | o | on a new line below the current (open)
X | the count is only useful on a slow terminal
X * | O | on a new line above the current
X | the count is only useful on a slow terminal
X * | ><move> | shift the lines described by <*><move> one
X | shiftwidth to the right (layout)
X * | >> | shift <*> lines one shiftwidth to the right
X * | . | repeat latest command <*> times
X * | ["<a-z1-9>]p | put the contents of the (default undo) buffer <*>
X | times after the cursor
X | a buffer containing lines is put only once, below
X | the current line
X * | ["<a-z1-9>]P | put the contents of the (default undo) buffer <*>
X | times before the cursor
X | a buffer containing lines is put only once, above
X | the current line
X
X/////////////////
X/ deleting text /
X/////////////////
X
XEverything deleted can be stored into a buffer. This is achieved by putting a
X" and a letter <a-z> before the delete command. The deleted text will be in
Xthe buffer with the used letter. If <A-Z> is used as buffer name, the adjugate
Xbuffer <a-z> will be augmented instead of overwritten with the text. The undo
Xbuffer always contains the latest change. Buffers "<1-9> contain the latest 9
XLINE deletions ("1 is most recent).
X
X * | x | delete <*> chars under and after the cursor
X * | X | <*> chars before the cursor
X * | d<move> | from begin to endpoint of <*><move>
X * | dd | <*> lines
X - | D | the rest of the line
X * | <<move> | shift the lines described by <*><move> one
X | shiftwidth to the left (layout)
X * | << | shift <*> lines one shiftwidth to the left
X * | . | repeat latest command <*> times
X
X/////////////////////////////////
X/ changing text (end with <esc> /
X/////////////////////////////////
X
X * | r<char> | replace <*> chars by <char> - no <esc>
X * | R | overwrite the rest of the line, append <*> - 1 times
X * | s | substitute <*> chars
X * | S | <*> lines
X * | c<move> | change from begin to endpoint of <*><move>
X * | cc | <*> lines
X * | C | the rest of the line and <*> - 1 next lines
X * | =<move> | if the option 'lisp' is set, this command will
X | realign the lines described by <*><move> as though
X | they had been typed with the option 'ai' set too
X - | ~ | switch lower and upper cases
X * | J | join <*> lines (default 2)
X * | . | repeat latest command <*> times ("J" only once)
X - | & | repeat latest "ex" substitute command, e.g.
X | ":s/wrong/good"
X
X//////////////////////////////
X/ remembering text (yanking) /
X//////////////////////////////
X
XWith yank commands you can put "<a-z> before the command, just as with
Xdelete commands. Otherwise you only copy to the undo buffer. The use of buffers
X<a-z> is THE way of copying text to another file: see the ":e <file>" command.
X
X * | y<move> | yank from begin to endpoint of <*><move>
X * | yy | <*> lines
X * | Y | idem (should be equivalent to "y$" though)
X - | m<a-z> | mark the cursor position with a letter
X
X////////////////////////////////////////
X/ commands while in append|change mode /
X////////////////////////////////////////
X
X^@ | if typed as the first character of the insertion, it
X | is replaced with the previous text inserted (max. 128
X | chars), after which the insertion is terminated
X^V | deprive the next char of its special meaning
X | (e.g. <esc>)
X^D | one shiftwidth to the left
X0^D | remove all indentation on the current line
X | (there must be no other chars on the line)
X^^D | idem, except that it is restored on the next line
X^T | one shiftwidth to the right
X^H | one char back
X^W | one word back
X^U | back to the begin of the change on the current line
X | (generally your kill char)
X<del> | like <esc>
X
X/////////////////////////////////////////////////
X/ writing, editing other files, and quitting vi /
X/////////////////////////////////////////////////
X
X:q | quit vi after writing
X:q! | quit vi without writing
X:w | write the file
X:w <name> | write to the file <name>
X:w >> <name> | append the buffer to the file <name>
X:w! <name> | overwrite the file <name>
X:x,y w <name> | write lines x through y to the file <name>
X:wq | write the file and quit vi
XZZ | write if the buffer has been changed, and quit vi
X:x | idem
X:x! | "w!" and "q"
X:e <file> | edit another file without quitting vi - the buffers
X | are not changed (except the undo buffer), so text can
X | be copied from one file to another this way
X:e! <file> | idem, without writing the current buffer
X:e# | edit the previous file
X^^ | idem
X:rew | edit the first file (when "vi file1 file2 ...")
X:rew! | idem, without writing the current buffer
X:n [<file>] | edit the next file
X:n! [<file>] | idem, without writing the current buffer
X
X////////////////////
X/ display commands /
X////////////////////
X
X^G | give current line number and relative position
X^L | refresh the screen (sometimes "^P" or "^R")
X^R | sometimes vi replaces a deleted line by a '@', to be
X | deleted by "^R" (also with option 'noredraw')
X[*]^E | scroll <*> lines downward
X[*]^Y | scroll <*> lines upward
X[*]^D | scroll <*> lines downward
X | (default the number of the previous scroll;
X | initialization: half a page)
X[*]^U | scroll <*> lines upward
X | (default the number of the previous scroll;
X | initialization: half a page)
X[*]^F | <*> pages forward
X[*]^B | <*> pages backward (in older versions only ^B works)
X
XIf in the next commands the field <wi> is present, the windowsize will change
Xto <wi>. The window will always be displayed at the bottom of the screen.
X
X[*]z[wi]<cr> | put line <*> at the top of the window
X | (default the current line)
X[*]z[wi]+ | put line <*> at the top of the window
X | (default the first line of the next page)
X[*]z[wi]- | put line <*> at the bottom of the window
X | (default the current line)
X[*]z[wi]. | put line <*> in the centre of the window
X | (default the current line)
X
X////////////////////////////
X/ mapping and abbreviation /
X////////////////////////////
X
XWhen mapping turn off the option 'timeout' by ":set noto", and with 'map!'
Xturn on 'remap' by ":set remap".
X
X:map <string> <seq> | <string> is interpreted as <seq>, e.g.
X | ":map ^C :!cc %^V<cr>" to compile from within vi
X | (vi replaces % by the current file name)
X:map | show all mappings
X:unmap <string> | deprive <string> of its mapping
X | when vi complains about non-mapped macros (whereas
X | no typos are made), first do something like
X | ":map <string> Z", followed by ":unmap <string>"
X | ('Z' must not be a macro itself)
X:map! <string> <seq> | mapping in append mode, e.g.
X | ":map! \be begin^V<cr>end;^V<esc>O<ht>"
X | when <string> is preceded by ^V, no mapping is done
X:map! | show all append mode mappings
X:unmap! <string> | deprive <string> of its mapping (see ":unmap")
X:ab <string> <seq> | whenever in append mode <string> is followed by a
X | breakpoint (e.g. <sp> or ','), it is interpreted as
X | <seq>, e.g. ":ab p procedure"
X | a char preceded by ^V is not considered a breakpoint
X:ab | show all abbreviations
X:unab <string> | do not consider <string> an abbreviation anymore
X | (see ":unmap")
X@<a-z> | consider the contents of the named register a
X | command, e.g.:
X | o0^D:s/wrong/good/<esc>"zdd
X | explanation:
X | o - open a new line
X | 0^D - remove indentation
X | :s/wrong/good/ - this input text is an "ex"
X | substitute command
X | <esc> - finish the input
X | "zdd - delete the line just created,
X | into register 'z'
X | now you can type @z to substitute 'wrong' by 'good'
X | on the current line
X@@ | repeat last register command
X
X/////////////////////////////
X/ switch and shell commands /
X/////////////////////////////
X
XQ | <del><del> | switch from vi to "ex"
X: | an "ex" command can be given
X:vi | switch from "ex" to vi
X:sh | execute a subshell, back to vi by ^D
X:!<cmd> | execute a shell <cmd>
X:!! | repeat the last shell command
X[*]!<move><cmd> | the shell executes <cmd>, with as standard input the
X | lines described by <*><move>, next the standard
X | output replaces those lines
X | (think of cb, sort, nroff, etc.)
X[*]!!<cmd> | give <*> lines as standard input to the shell <cmd>,
X | next let the standard output replace those lines
X:x,y w !<cmd> | let lines x to y be standard input for <cmd>
X | (notice the space between 'w' and '!')
X:r!<cmd> | put the output of <cmd> onto a new line
X:r <name> | read the file <name> into the buffer
X
X//////////////
X/ vi startup /
X//////////////
X
Xvi [file] : edit the file and display the first page
X
XThe editor can be initialized by the shell variable EXINIT, which looks like:
X
X EXINIT='<cmd>|<cmd>|...'
X <cmd>: set options
X map ...
X ab ...
X export EXINIT (in the Bourne shell)
X
XHowever, the list of initializations can also be put into a file. If this
Xfile is located in your home directory, and is named ".exrc" AND the
Xvariable EXINIT is NOT set, the list will be automatically excuted at
Xstartup time. If the 3 conditions are not met, you have to give the execute
Xcommand yourself:
X
X :source file
Xor
X :so file
X
XOn-line initializations can be given with "vi +<cmd> file", e.g.:
X
Xvi +x file : the cursor will immediately jump to line x
Xvi +/<string> file : ~ to the first occurrence of <string>
X
XSometimes (e.g. if the system crashed while you were editing) it is possible
Xto recover files lost in the editor by "vi -r file".
XIf you just want to view a file by using vi, and you want to avoid any change,
Xinstead of vi you can use the "view" command: the option 'readonly' will be set
Xautomatically (with ":w!" you can override this option).
XThe most important options are:
X
Xai | autoindent - in append mode after a <cr> the cursor
X | will move directly below the first CHAR on the
X | previous line.
X | however, if the option 'lisp' is set, the cursor
X | will align at the first argument to the last open
X | list.
Xaw | autowrite - write at every shell escape
X | (useful when compiling from within vi)
Xdir=<string> | directory - the directory for vi to make temporary
X | files (default /tmp)
Xeb | errorbells - beeps when you goof
X | (not on every terminal)
Xic | ignorecase - no distinction between upper and lower
X | cases when searching
Xlisp | redefine the following commands:
X | "(", ")" - move backward (forward) over
X | S-expressions
X | "{", "}" - idem, but don't stop at atoms
X | "[[", "]]" - go to previous (next) line beginning
X | with a '('
X | see option 'ai'
Xlist | <lf> is shown as '$', <ht> as '^I'
Xmagic | some metachars can be used when searching:
X | ^<string> - <string> must begin the line
X | <string>$ - <string> must end the line
X | . - matches any char
X | [a-z] - matches any char in the range
X | [<string>] - matches any char in <string>
X | [^<string>] - matches any char not in <string>
X | <char>* - 0 or more <char>s
X | \<<string>\> - <string> must be a word
Xnu | number - numbers before the lines
Xpara=<string> | paragraphs - every pair of chars in <string> is
X | considered a paragraph delimiter nroff macro (for "{"
X | and "}").
X | a <sp> preceded by a '\' indicates that the previous
X | char is a single letter macro.
X | ":set para=P\ bp" introduces '.P' and '.bp' as
X | paragraph delimiters.
X | furthermore completely empty lines and section
X | boundaries are paragraph boundaries too.
Xredraw | the screen remains up to date
Xreport=<*> | vi reports whenever e.g. a delete
X | or yank command affects <*> or more lines
Xro | readonly - the file is not to be changed
X | however, ":w!" will override this option
Xsect=<string> | sections - gives the section delimiters (for "[[" and
X | "]]"); see option 'para', however a '{' as first
X | char on a line also starts a section (C functions!)
Xsh=<string> | shell - which program is to be used for shell escapes
Xsw=<*> | shiftwidth - gives the swiftwidth (default sw=8)
Xsm | showmatch - whenever you append a ')', vi tries to
X | show its match by putting for a moment the cursor
X | onto it (also with { })
Xterse | short error messages
Xts=<*> | tabstop - the length of a <ht>;
X | warning: this is only IN the editor, outside of it
X | <ht>s have their normal length (default ts=8)
Xwa | writeany - no checks when writing (dangerous)
Xwarn | warn you when you try to quit without writing
Xwi=<*> | window - the number of lines vi is to show default
Xwm=<*> | wrapmargin - when in append mode vi automatically
X | puts a <lf> whenever there is a breakpoint (e.g. <sp>
X | or ',') within <wm> columns from the right margin
Xws | wrapscan - when searching, the end is considered
X | 'stuck' to the begin of the file
X
X:set option | turn option on
X:set no option | turn option off; no <sp> between "no" and the option
X:set option=value | give an option a value
X:set | show all non-default options and their values
X:set option? | show an option's value
X:set all | show all options and their values
X
+ END-OF-FILE vi.ref
chmod 'u=r,g=r,o=r' 'vi.ref'
set `wc -c 'vi.ref'`
count=$1
case $count in
16603) :;;
*) echo 'Bad character count in ''vi.ref' >&2
echo 'Count should be 16603' >&2
esac
exit 0
--
Those against Rushdie haven't |Maarten Litmaath @ VU Amsterdam:
learned anything from the Dark Ages. |maart@cs.vu.nl, mcvax!botter!maartmeyering@cs.utexas.edu (Jim Meyering) (03/12/89)
In article <2145@solo4.cs.vu.nl> maart@cs.vu.nl (Maarten Litmaath) writes: [description of vi commands deleted] >X:wq | write the file and quit vi Use of this ex command should be avoided (at least in Sun version 3.7). The problem is that it attempts to write the buffer and, *regardless of the success or failure* of that operation, simply quits. So if you get a "disk full" error, chances are you will find that your file has been truncated to length zero. Since ":x" and "ZZ" are functionally equivalent, but do not exit if there is a write error, they should be used instead. -- --- Jim Meyering meyering@cs.utexas.edu