[comp.society] Too Much Computer is bad

eugene@wilbur.nas.nasa.gov (Eugene N. Miya) (06/28/90)

This is part of why Unix(tm) was developed.
And why Multics isn't nearly as successful.
Subtract features, don't add them.

I've heard other cute quotes from Turing and other people in the past
who have comments about how computers "should" be used.

e. nobuo miya

egnr76@castle.ed.ac.uk (A Kashko) (06/28/90)

This phenomenon also occurs outside the computer realm. 

For example claiming some territory by personalising the space. 
These behaviours can be explained in sociological terms. I got the 
impression Mr. Polvino would have prefered users who lack creativity 
and initiative and just did exactly what they were told.

I agree there is soemtimes an embarrassment of riches in the software
available, but hoarding is not confined to computer users.

My complaint is not with people personalising their workspace, but 
with people who use coding as a substitute for thaught, and those 
employers who encourage counterproductive programming by introducing 
programmes to measure productivity by counting keystrokes for 
each user.

A Kashko

martin@netcom.com (Martin Hall) (07/06/90)

Joseph Polvino writes:

> In every work environment, there are a handful of people who hoard
> programs.  In the Macintosh realm, desktop accessories (DAs) are the
> most traded.  Do you really need 20 init files?  Do you really need that
> memory-resident program that pops up with the ASCII table when you can
> print one up and stick it next to your monitor?  Do you REALLY need your
> Macintosh to say, "Nice night for a walk" whenever you eject a disk?

I understand, and for the most part agree with the above. But it does
not seem to speak to the comment, "Too Much Computer is Bad".  Though it
does seem to say quite a bit about wasting resources.

> The most blatently counterproductive software product I've seen on the
> market is a program which displays a message on the screen such as "Out
> to lunch" or "At meeting - back at 2:00" to name a few.  These programs
> are probably loads of fun to have, and the time customizing the
> parameters for it wastes more time and money than simply writing a
> post-it and slapping it on your screen!  

I will have to agree here....I have even caught myself wanting to type a
ToDo list into the computer when a handwritten one on the back of an
envelope might suffice.  What we should look at it is, why do we act
this way.  A good question to discuss might be the why are compters so 
seductive that people behave in this manner...

Well, I think that it is both good and bad.  Another example is e-mail.
If you have e-mail within a company, it often times becomes to easy to
send a message rather than speak to someone in person.  I have found
that people will be a lot more confrontative of others over e-mail
(sometimes by accident) and not realize the bad feelings that are being
produced at the other end.  This is why people use :-), :-( ,etc. to
connote sarcasm and sadness.  The technology is promoting a type of
isolationism, that if allowed to continue unchecked, can cause ordinary
relationships to deteriorate that otherwise would not.

I am very much a proponent of people carefully understanding why they
use technology.  I think it is potentially dangerous when companies
buy a computer "because they can do their work better", with no
understanding of why they are doing it.  I thnink people should have a
reasonable understanding of why they are using some piece of technology.
If not society will end up turning into a group of mindless
techno-droids.

Martin L.W. Hall

lumsdon@dtoa1.dt.navy.mil (Esther Lumsdon) (07/07/90)

Earlier in the group, Martin Hall commented in reference to email:

> The technology is promoting a type of isolationism, that if allowed to 
> continue unchecked, can cause ordinary relationships to deteriorate that 
> otherwise would not.

I disagree particularly with the last sentence of this paragraph. I
find it _no_ more difficult to be civil/courteous/polite via e-mail
than face to face.  I feel more _connected_ via e-mail, not more isolated.
Granted, most of my communications take place outside my company.  

I do not think that e-mail technology is promoting a type of isolationism.
I believe that many people will become confrontative faster in e-mail
than they will in person as a result of trends in our society that are
unrelated to e-mail technology.  

Does anyone read the syndicated columnist Miss Manners?  She pokes a bit 
of fun at her own stodgy manners (imho), and gives courtesy a positive 
image, and promotes manners. Could a column with that sort of content have 
been popular in the 1950s? I don't think so. I believe there's been a 
decline in polite behavior since I was a child, and that it's a symptom 
of a decline in willingness to take responsibility for oneself, and a 
decline in the acceptance of delayed gratification. (Note: I am not a 
social scientist. I am a computer scientist). 

I see confrontational, flaming, and/or abusive e-mail as symptoms of a 
deeper problem, one that has no easy solution. I believe that people will 
be no more polite when using technology to communicate with others (e-mail, 
telephone) than they will be in person. I don't lay the blame for such 
behavior on technology, but on people.

In my experience, I've found that the vast majority of my e-mail is
positive, on MILNET and local bbs's.  I don't believe that e-mail technology
by itself coaxes people into confrontative communication faster than
those people would become confrontative face-to-face.

Esther Lumsdon

a1495@mindlink.UUCP (Terry Madsen) (07/07/90)

> Well, I think that it is both good and bad.  Another example is e-mail.
> If you have e-mail within a company, it often times becomes to easy to
> send a message rather than speak to someone in person.  I have found

One advantage of e-mail is that it enables you to send non-urgent messages 
and inquiries without interrupting the recipient.  Programming for example 
requires about 10-15 minutes immersion time to get "into" whatever you are 
doing; if someone askes you for the time they have cost 15 min of working 
time (30 sec to respond plus immersion time).  E-mail eliminates this.  

The solution to E-mail wars is to put contentious issues at a high enough 
urgency level as to require face to face contact.  E-mail is no different 
from the old fashioned office memo in this respect, just fancier and easier 
to use (and misuse).

For a more detailed treatment of this, take a look at _Peopleware_ by Lister
and DeMarco --- well worth the price.

Terry Madsen

reggie@dinsdale.paradyne.com (George W. Leach) (07/09/90)

Esther Lumsdon responded to a note from Martin Hall with some
disagreement about the value of electronic mail:

> I find it _no_ more difficult to be civil/courteous/polite via e-mail
> than face to face.  I feel more _connected_ via e-mail, not more isolated.
  ...
> I do not think that e-mail technology is promoting a type of isolationism.

I don't think the author chose the appropriate term to describe the
condition.  E-mail and computerized conferencing have enable the 
handicapped and the rural teacher to become "better connected".

> I believe that many people will become confrontative faster in e-mail
> than they will in person as a result of trends in our society that are
> unrelated to e-mail technology.  

No, here there have actually been studies to prove you wrong.  It has 
been shown that certain individuals will open up more in an electronic 
media than in a formal face-to-face meeting situation.  Have you ever
formed a picture in your mind of what a certain person must look like 
based upon their e-mail and usenet postings?  Have you then met that 
person only to find that in real life they don't look or act anything 
like what you imagined them to?

Furthermore, it has been shown in controled studies that people do
tend to forget that there is a human being on the receiving end of your
communications.  Check out the following publications:

Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Murray Turoff, K. Johnson and C. Aronovitch, "Equality, 
   Dominance and Group Decision Making: Results of a Controlled Experiment 
   on Face to Face Vs. Computer Mediated Discussions", Proceedings of the 
   Fifth International Conference on Computer Communication Atlanta, USA,
   27-30 October 1980.  pages 343-348
	
Starr Roxanne Hiltz, "Experiments and Experiences with Computerized 
   Conferencing Emerging Office Systems" in 'The Proceedings of the 
   Stanford University International Symposium on Office Automation',
   Robert M. Landau, James H. Bair, Jean H. Siegman, Editors, Ablex
   Publishing, 1980.  pages 187-204.
	
Starr Roxanne Hiltz, "The Human Element in Computerized Conferencing Systems"
   Computer Networks, V2, 1978.  pages 421-428.
	
Starr Roxanne Hiltz, "Computer Conferencing: Assessing the Social Impact of 
   a New Communications Medium", Technological Forecasting and Social Change,
   V10, 1977.  pages 225-238
	
Dr Hiltz's background is Sociology and Psychology.

George W. Leach

martin@netcom.uucp (Martin Hall) (07/10/90)

Esther Lumsdon responds to my previous article with the comment: 

> I find it _no_ more difficult to be civil/courteous/polite via e-mail
> than face to face.  I feel more _connected_ via e-mail, not more isolated.

Maybe I was not clear.  I was refering to a type of emotional
isolationism.  E-mail is a lot like a FAX machine, you can contact
someone while they are out.  But unlike a phone or being in person, you
cannot get any emotional input from the person.   There have been
studies (no references) that say that 80-90% of what is communicated is
is done by body language and inflections in the voice.  E-mail has none
of this.

> I do not think that e-mail technology is promoting a type of isolationism.
> I believe that many people will become confrontative faster in e-mail
> than they will in person as a result of trends in our society that are
> unrelated to e-mail technology.  

While I do not believe that e-mail technology causes the isolationism, I
feel that it definitely exacerbates it.  People can hide behind the
computer.....they are dealing with an inanimate object, not a person.  I
have had people say some pretty mean things over e-mail, and then talk to
me later as if nothing happened.  

People disconnect the technology as a way to communicate with another person.  
The delayed response also has something to with this, since you do not
have immediate feedback, you are disconnected emotionally to what you are
writing.

Martin Hall

zwicky@itstd.sri.com (Elizabeth Zwicky) (07/11/90)

Martin Hall writes:

> E-mail is a lot like a FAX machine, you can contact someone while they 
> are out.  But unlike a phone or being in person, you cannot get any 
> emotional input from the person.   There have been studies (no references) 
> that say that 80-90% of what is communicated is is done by body language 
> and inflections in the voice.  E-mail has none of this.

I disagree; I spent some time just after I moved to California without
a phone, and did all my communication with friends and family via
e-mail.  Certainly I got a lot of emotional input that way. (In fact,
for much of the year most of my contact with my father is via e-mail,
and we are hardly un-emotional.) 

Statistics about how much is conveyed via intonation, pauses, and body
language are misleading. Spoken speech and written speech rely on
different systems of cues to indicate things. Some large percentage of
the information conveyed by intonation and pauses is equivalent to the
information provided by punctuation and paragraphing in written
speech. Another large chunk of it goes as cues for interactivity ("you
can interrupt me now" "I am still listening to you" "I am trying to
interrupt you now") Spoken speech tends to be more telegraphic and
error-prone than written; people leave things out, or make mistakes
that they have time to edit out in writing. Body language and
intonation compensate for this, as well. Certainly they don't contain
80-90% of the meaning - imagine trying to converse with some when you
get only the intonation, pauses, and body language.

> I have had people say some pretty mean things over e-mail, and then 
> talk to me later as if nothing happened.  

This may simply be a matter of clashing communication styles; one
person's idea of mean may be another person's idea of having an
interesting intellectual argument. (I have seen this happen in
face-to-face conversations as well, with people telling me "So-and-so
thinks I'm stupid and can't make a contribution" when I was able to
verify that So-and-so merely thought they were temporarily incorrect.
"That's a stupid idea" would be a crushing insult to me from my
father, who doesn't say things like that. From one of the guys I work
with, it wouldn't even cause me a moment of doubt - it's his way of
saying "I disagree with you". He would completely astounded if I took
it as a personal criticism.) Deborah Tannenbaum's book "That's not
what I meant" talks at length about how communications mismatches like that
occur face-to-face.

Elizabeth Zwicky

martin@netcom.uucp (Martin Hall) (07/12/90)

In response to Elizabeth Zwicky:

> I spent some time just after I moved to California without a phone, and 
> did all my communication with friends and family via e-mail.  Certainly 
> I got a lot of emotional input that way. (In fact, for much of the year 
> most of my contact with my father is via e-mail, and we are hardly un-
> emotional.) 

I am not saying that it is impossible to communicate emotional messages
in an e-mail.  My original message mentioned the use of :-) and :-( for
denoting sarcasm and sadness.  I would suggest that with family and
friends that you have set up a type of underlying communication that you
can communicate with them.  Your family especially is already going to
be clued in to your idiosynchracies.  A co-worker or someone out on
USENET likely may not be simarly clued in.  They are less likely to be
clued in.  Further, I think that one is less likely to inadvertantly
flame someone that they are emotionally connected to...

> Another large chunk of it goes as cues for interactivity ("you
> can interrupt me now" "I am still listening to you" "I am trying to
> interrupt you now") Spoken speech tends to be more telegraphic and
> error-prone than written; people leave things out, or make mistakes
> that they have time to edit out in writing. 

These mistakes and errors are communicating something.  If you ask me to
do something and I say 'No'. Over e-mail this may appear final,
especially if you do not know me.  But on the phone or in person, you
might hear me go, "Hmmmmm, well......, no".  You won't likely take this
as final and may decide to make a modified offer.  

>...  one person's idea of mean may be another person's idea of having an
>interesting intellectual argument. (I have seen this happen in face-to-face 
> conversations as well, with people telling me "So-and-so thinks I'm stupid 
> and can't make a contribution" when I was able to verify that So-and-so 
> merely thought they were temporarily incorrect.

I think what I was trying to say is being lost.  In essence, what I am
saying is that e-mail has a tendency to promote miscommunication.  There
are number of ways in which we compensate for it.  My original argument
about emotional isolationism, I think is still valid.  If we were to get
to the point where primary communication was through e-mail, we would
likely see a deterioration in relationships.  There is a need for body
langauge and intonations, especially in casual conversation.  If a
person is known to you, then you probably can pick up much of what they
are communicating solely from the words.

Martin L.W. Hall

mcgrath@paris.Berkeley.EDU (Roland McGrath) (07/12/90)

It is of course quite true that electronic mail (and news) lack the
information communicated by intonation and pauses in speech and by body
language in person.  However, I don't think this is necessarily bad.  It
is simply a different communications medium which must be used
differently.

I have had long, drawn-out, emotional conversations solely via e-mail.
In some cases using the medium of e-mail rather than telephone or
personal contact has been helpful in getting ideas communicated.  If
someone is angry at something that has just been said, they might hang
up the phone or leave a personal encounter.  I've found mail to be a
form of communication which promotes calmness on all sides.  In mail,
choice of words, *EMPHASIS*, and symbols (;-) convey the emotional
information conveyed in speech by intonation and facial expressions.
Mail also gives one the chance to correct their words before they cause
any harm to the process of communication (by angering or confusing the
other party).  I can compose, review and edit an electronic letter
completely and not have the pressure of someone sitting there staring at
me and waiting for me to figure out what I'm saying, and still have it
get to them in a few minutes.

Another issue is that I find talking on the telephone for long periods
of time physically uncomfortable (sweaty ears, crooked necks, etc.).  I
also can sometimes be distracted and lose track of what's being said.
With mail, I can sit comfortably and compose my letter at my leisure; if
I'm distracted, I can stop for a while and be distracted and then return
without annoying anyone.

Electronic mail is yet another way to communicate, and it has its uses
just as personal encounters, telephones, and paper mail do.  I like to
be able to compose at my leisure and still get my letter delivered to
the other end of the country in five minutes.  I don't think that by
choosing electronic mail over phone calls I am necessarily avoiding
emotional contact (though that may sometimes be true).  I choose the
communications medium I think appropriate for the specific
communication.

Roland McGrath