dvadura@watdragon.waterloo.edu (Dennis Vadura) (10/15/90)
Posting-number: Volume 15, Issue 65
Submitted-by: Dennis Vadura <dvadura@watdragon.waterloo.edu>
Archive-name: dmake-3.6/part13
#!/bin/sh
# this is part 13 of a multipart archive
# do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
# file man/dmake.p continued
#
CurArch=13
if test ! -r s2_seq_.tmp
then echo "Please unpack part 1 first!"
exit 1; fi
( read Scheck
if test "$Scheck" != $CurArch
then echo "Please unpack part $Scheck next!"
exit 1;
else exit 0; fi
) < s2_seq_.tmp || exit 1
echo "x - Continuing file man/dmake.p"
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> man/dmake.p
X
X --ee Read the environment and define all strings of the form
X 'EENNVV--VVAARR=_e_v_a_l_u_e' defined within as macros whose name is
X EENNVV--VVAARR, and whose value is '_e_v_a_l_u_e'. The environment
X is processed prior to processing the user specified
X makefile thereby allowing definitions in the makefile
X to override definitions in the environment.
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 1
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X --EE Same as -e, except that the environment is processed
X after the user specified makefile has been processed
X (thus definitions in the environment override defini-
X tions in the makefile). The -e and -E options are
X mutually exclusive. If both are given the latter one
X takes effect.
X
X --ff ffiillee
X Use ffiillee as the source for the makefile text. Only one
X --ff option is allowed.
X
X --hh Print the command summary for ddmmaakkee.
X
X --ii Tells ddmmaakkee to ignore errors, and continue making other
X targets. This is equivalent to the .IGNORE attribute
X or macro.
X
X --kk Causes ddmmaakkee to ignore errors caused by command execu-
X tion and to make all targets not depending on targets
X that could not be made. Ordinarily ddmmaakkee stops after a
X command returns a non-zero status, specifying --kk causes
X ddmmaakkee to ignore the error and continue to make as much
X as possible.
X
X --nn Causes ddmmaakkee to print out what it would have executed,
X but does not actually execute the commands. A special
X check is made for the string "$(MAKE)" inside a recipe
X line, if found, the line is expanded and invoked,
X thereby enabling recursive makes to give a full
X description of all that they will do. The check for
X "$(MAKE)" is disabled inside group recipes.
X
X --pp Print out a version of the digested makefile in human
X readable form. (useful for debugging, but cannot be
X re-read by ddmmaakkee)
X
X --PP## On systems that support multi-processing cause ddmmaakkee to
X use _# concurrent child processes to make targets. See
X the "MULTI PROCESSING" section for more information.
X
X --qq Check and see if the target is up to date. Exits with
X code 0 if up to date, 1 otherwise.
X
X --rr Tells ddmmaakkee not to read the initial startup makefile,
X see STARTUP section for more details.
X
X --ss Tells ddmmaakkee to do all its work silently and not echo
X the commands it is executing to stdout (also suppresses
X warnings). This is equivalent to the .SILENT attri-
X bute or macro.
X
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 2
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X --SS Force sequential execution of recipes on architectures
X which support concurrent makes. For backward compati-
X bility with old makefiles that have nasty side-effect
X prerequisite dependencies.
X
X --tt Causes ddmmaakkee to touch the targets and bring them up to
X date without executing any commands.
X
X --TT Tells ddmmaakkee to not perform transitive closure on the
X inference graph.
X
X --uu Force an unconditional update. (ie. do everything that
X would be done if everything that a target depended on
X was out of date)
X
X --vv Verbose flag, when making targets print to stdout what
X we are going to make and what we think it's timestamp
X is.
X
X --VV Print the version of ddmmaakkee, and values of builtin mac-
X ros.
X
X --xx Upon processing the user makefile export all non-
X internally defined macros to the user's environment.
X This option together with the -e option allows SYSV
X AUGMAKE recursive makes to function as expected.
X
XIINNDDEEXX
X Here is a list of the sections that follow and a short
X description of each. Perhaps you won't have to read the
X whole man page to find what you need.
X
X SSTTAARRTTUUPP Describes ddmmaakkee initialization.
X
X SSYYNNTTAAXX Describes the syntax of makefile expres-
X sions.
X
X AATTTTRRIIBBUUTTEESS Describes the notion of attributes and
X how they are used when making targets.
X
X MMAACCRROOSS Defining and expanding macros.
X
X RRUULLEESS AANNDD TTAARRGGEETTSS How to define targets and their prere-
X quisites.
X
X RREECCIIPPEESS How to tell ddmmaakkee how to make a target.
X
X TTEEXXTT DDIIVVEERRSSIIOONNSS How to use text diversions in recipes and
X macro expansions.
X
X SSPPEECCIIAALL TTAARRGGEETTSS Some targets are special.
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 3
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X SSPPEECCIIAALL MMAACCRROOSS Macros used by ddmmaakkee to alter the pro-
X cessing of the makefile, and those
X defined by ddmmaakkee for the user.
X
X CCOONNTTRROOLL MMAACCRROOSS Itemized list of special control macros.
X
X RRUUNN--TTIIMMEE MMAACCRROOSS Discussion of special run-time macros
X such as $@ and $<.
X
X FFUUNNCCTTIIOONN MMAACCRROOSS GNU style function macros, only $(mktmp
X ...) for now.
X
X DDYYNNAAMMIICC PPRREERREEQQUUIISSIITTEESS
X Processing of prerequisites which contain
X macro expansions in their name.
X
X BBIINNDDIINNGG TTAARRGGEETTSS The rules that ddmmaakkee uses to bind a tar-
X get to an existing file in the file sys-
X tem.
X
X PPEERRCCEENNTT((%%)) RRUULLEESS Specification of recipes to be used by
X the inference algorithm.
X
X MMAAKKIINNGG IINNFFEERREENNCCEESS The rules that ddmmaakkee uses when inferring
X how to make a target which has no expli-
X cit recipe. This and the previous sec-
X tion are really a single section in the
X text.
X
X MMAAKKIINNGG TTAARRGGEETTSS How ddmmaakkee makes targets other than
X libraries.
X
X MMAAKKIINNGG LLIIBBRRAARRIIEESS How ddmmaakkee makes libraries.
X
X MMUULLTTII PPRROOCCEESSSSIINNGG Discussion of ddmmaakkee''ss parallel make
X facilities for architectures that support
X them.
X
X CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALLSS Conditional expressions which control the
X processing of the makefile.
X
X EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS Some hopefully useful examples.
X
X CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY How ddmmaakkee compares with previous versions
X of make.
X
X LLIIMMIITTSS Limitations of ddmmaakkee.
X
X PPOORRTTAABBIILLIITTYY Comments on writing portable makefiles.
X
X FFIILLEESS Files used by ddmmaakkee.
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 4
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X SSEEEE AALLSSOO Other related programs, and man pages.
X
X AAUUTTHHOORR The guy responsible for this thing.
X
X BBUUGGSS Hope not.
X
XSSTTAARRTTUUPP
X When ddmmaakkee begins execution it first processes the command
X line and then processes an initial startup-makefile. This
X is followed by an attempt to locate and process a user sup-
X plied makefile. The startup file defines the default values
X of all required control macros and the set of default rules
X for making inferences. When searching for the startup
X makefile, ddmmaakkee searches the following locations, in order,
X until a startup file is located:
X
X 1. The location given as the value of the macro MAK-
X ESTARTUP defined on the command line.
X
X 2. The location given as the value of the environment
X variable MAKESTARTUP defined in the current
X environment.
X
X 3. The location given as the value of the macro MAK-
X ESTARTUP defined internally within ddmmaakkee.
X
X The above search is disabled by specifying the -r option on
X the command line. An error is issued if a startup makefile
X cannot be found and the -r option was not specified. A user
X may substitute a custom startup file by defining the MAKES-
X TARTUP environment variable or by redefining the MAKESTARTUP
X macro on the command line. To determine where ddmmaakkee looks
X for the default startup file, check your environment or
X issue the command _"_d_m_a_k_e _-_V_".
X
X A similar search is performed to locate a default user
X makefile when no --ff command line option is specified. The
X special target .MAKEFILES is defined by default. This
X target's prerequisite list specifies the names of files and
X the order that ddmmaakkee will use to search for them when
X attempting to locate the default makefile. A typical defin-
X ition for this target is:
X
X .MAKEFILES : makefile.mk Makefile makefile
X
X ddmmaakkee will first look for makefile.mk and then the others.
X If a prerequisite cannot be found ddmmaakkee will try to make it
X before going on to the next prerequisite. For example,
X makefile.mk can be checked out of an RCS file if the proper
X rules for doing so are defined in the startup file.
X
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 5
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
XSSYYNNTTAAXX
X This section is a summary of the syntax of makefile state-
X ments. The description is given in a style similar to BNF,
X where { } enclose items that may appear zero or more times,
X and [ ] enclose items that are optional. Alternative pro-
X ductions for a left hand side are indicated by '->', and
X newlines are significant. All symbols in bboolldd type are text
X or names representing text supplied by the user.
X
X
X
X Makefile -> { Statement }
X
X Statement -> Macro-Definition
X -> Conditional
X -> Rule-Definition
X -> Attribute-Definition
X
X Macro-Definition -> MMAACCRROO == LLIINNEE
X -> MMAACCRROO **== LLIINNEE
X -> MMAACCRROO ::== LLIINNEE
X -> MMAACCRROO **::== LLIINNEE
X -> MMAACCRROO ++== LLIINNEE
X -> MMAACCRROO ++::== LLIINNEE
X
X Conditional -> ..IIFF expression
X Makefile
X [ ..EELLSSEE
X Makefile ]
X ..EENNDD
X
X expression -> LLIINNEE
X -> SSTTRRIINNGG ==== LLIINNEE
X -> SSTTRRIINNGG !!== LLIINNEE
X
X
X Rule-Definition -> target-definition
X [ recipe ]
X
X target-definition -> targets [attrs] op { PPRREERREEQQUUIISSIITTEE } [;; rcp-line]
X
X targets -> target { targets }
X -> ""target"" { targets }
X
X target -> special-target
X -> TTAARRGGEETT
X
X attrs -> attribute { attrs }
X -> ""attribute"" { attrs }
X
X op -> :: { modifier }
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 6
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X modifier -> ::
X -> ^^
X -> !!
X -> --
X
X recipe -> { TTAABB rcp-line }
X -> [@@][%%][--] [[
X { LLIINNEE }
X ]]
X
X rcp-line -> [@@][%%][--][++] LLIINNEE
X
X
X Attribute-Definition -> attrs :: targets
X
X
X attribute -> ..EEPPIILLOOGG
X -> ..IIGGNNOORREE
X -> ..LLIIBBRRAARRYY
X -> ..MMKKSSAARRGGSS
X -> ..NNOOIINNFFEERR
X -> ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS
X -> ..PPRROOLLOOGG
X -> ..SSEETTDDIIRR==_p_a_t_h
X -> ..SSIILLEENNTT
X -> ..SSEEQQUUEENNTTIIAALL
X -> ..SSWWAAPP
X -> ..UUSSEESSHHEELLLL
X -> ..SSYYMMBBOOLL
X -> ..UUPPDDAATTEEAALLLL
X
X special-target -> ..EERRRROORR
X -> ..EEXXPPOORRTT
X -> ..GGRROOUUPPEEPPIILLOOGG
X -> ..GGRROOUUPPPPRROOLLOOGG
X -> ..IIMMPPOORRTT
X -> ..IINNCCLLUUDDEE
X -> ..IINNCCLLUUDDEEDDIIRRSS
X -> ..MMAAKKEEFFIILLEESS
X -> ..RREEMMOOVVEE
X -> ..SSOOUURRCCEE
X -> ..SSOOUURRCCEE.._s_u_f_f_i_x
X -> ._s_u_f_f_i_x_1._s_u_f_f_i_x_2
X
X
X Where, TTAABB represents a <tab> character, SSTTRRIINNGG represents
X an arbitrary sequence of characters, and LLIINNEE represents a
X possibly empty sequence of characters terminated by a non-
X escaped (not immediately preceded by a backslash '\') new-
X line character. MMAACCRROO, PPRREERREEQQUUIISSIITTEE, and TTAARRGGEETT each
X represent a string of characters not including space or tab
X which respectively form the name of a macro, prerequisite or
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 7
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X target. The name may itself be a macro expansion expres-
X sion. A LLIINNEE can be continued over several physical lines
X by terminating it with a single backslash character. Com-
X ments are initiated by the pound '##' character and extend to
X the end of line. All comment text is discarded, a '#' may
X be placed into the makefile text by escaping it with '\'
X (ie. \# translates to # when it is parsed). A group of con-
X tinued lines may be commented out by placing a single # at
X the start of the first line of the group. A continued line
X may not span more than one makefile.
X
X wwhhiittee ssppaaccee is defined to be any combination of <space>,
X <tab>, and the sequence \<nl> when \<nl> is used to ter-
X minate a LINE. When processing mmaaccrroo definition lines, any
X amount of white space is allowed on either side of the macro
X operator (=, *=, :=, *:=, += or +:=), and white space is
X stripped from both before and after the macro value string.
X The sequence \<nl> is treated as white space during recipe
X expansion and is deleted from the final recipe string. You
X must escape the \<nl> with a \ in order to get a \ at the
X end of a recipe line. The \<nl> sequence is deleted from
X macro values when they are expanded.
X
X When processing ttaarrggeett definition lines, the recipe for a
X target must, in general, follow the first definition of the
X target (See the RULES AND TARGETS section for an exception),
X and the recipe may not span across multiple makefiles. Any
X targets and prerequisites found on a target definition line
X are taken to be white space separated tokens. The rule
X operator (_o_p in SYNTAX section) is also considered to be a
X token but does not require white space to precede or follow
X it. Since the rule operator begins with a `:', traditional
X versions of make do not allow the `:' character to form a
X valid target name. ddmmaakkee allows `:' to be present in
X target/prerequisite names as long as the entire
X target/prerequisite name is quoted. For example:
X
X a:fred : test
X
X would be parsed as TARGET = a, PREREQUISITES are fred, :,
X and test, which is not what was intended. To fix this you
X must write:
X
X "a:fred" : test
X
X Which will be parsed as expected. See the EXAMPLES section
X for how to apply this to a list of targets.
X
XAATTTTRRIIBBUUTTEESS
X ddmmaakkee defines several target attributes. Attributes may be
X assigned to a single target, a group of targets, or to all
X targets in the makefile. Attributes are used to modify
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 8
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X ddmmaakkee actions during target update. The recognized attri-
X butes are:
X
X
X ..EEPPIILLOOGG Insert shell epilog code when executing a group
X recipe associated with any target having this
X attribute set.
X
X ..IIGGNNOORREE Ignore an error when trying to make any target
X with this attribute set.
X
X ..LLIIBBRRAARRYY Target is a library.
X
X ..MMKKSSAARRGGSS If in an MSDOS environment then use MKS extended
X argument passing conventions to pass arguments
X to commands. Non-MSDOS environments ignore this
X attribute.
X
X ..NNOOIINNFFEERR Any target with this attribute set will not be
X subjected to transitive closure if it is
X inferred as a prerequisite of a target whose
X recipe and prerequisites are being inferred.
X (i.e. the inference algorithm will not use any
X prerequisite with this attribute set, as a tar-
X get)
X
X ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS Do not remove this target under any cir-
X cumstances. Set by default for any targets
X whose corresponding files exist in the file sys-
X tem prior to the execution of ddmmaakkee.
X
X ..PPRROOLLOOGG Insert shell prolog code when executing a group
X recipe associated with any target having this
X attribute set.
X
X ..SSEEQQUUEENNTTIIAALL Force a sequential make of the associated
X target's prerequisites.
X
X ..SSEETTDDIIRR Change current working directory to specified
X directory when making the associated target.
X You must specify the directory at the time the
X attribute is specified. To do this simply give
X _._S_E_T_D_I_R_=_p_a_t_h as the attribute. _p_a_t_h is expanded
X and the result is used as the value of the
X directory to change to. If path is surrounded
X by single quotes then path is not expanded, and
X is used literally as the directory name. If the
X _p_a_t_h contains any `:' characters then the entire
X attribute string must be quoted using ". If a
X target having this attribute set also has the
X .IGNORE attribute set then if the change to the
X specified directory fails it will be ignored,
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 9
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X and no error message will be issued.
X
X ..SSIILLEENNTT Do not echo the recipe lines when making any
X target with this attribute set, and do not issue
X any warnings.
X
X ..SSWWAAPP Under MSDOS when making a target with this
X attribute set swap the ddmmaakkee executable to disk
X prior to executing the recipe line.
X
X ..SSYYMMBBOOLL Target is a library member and is an entry point
X into a module in the library. This attribute is
X used only when searching a library for a target.
X Targets of the form lib((entry)) have this
X attribute set automatically.
X
X ..UUSSEESSHHEELLLL Force each recipe line of a target to be exe-
X cuted using a shell. Specifying this attribute
X is equivalent to specifying the '+' character at
X the start of each line of a non-group recipe.
X
X ..UUPPDDAATTEEAALLLL Indicates that all the targets listed in this
X rule are updated by the execution of the accom-
X panying recipe. A common example is the produc-
X tion of the _y_._t_a_b_._c and _y_._t_a_b_._h files by yyaacccc
X when it is run on a grammar. Specifying
X .UPDATEALL in such a rule prevents the running
X of yacc twice, once for the y.tab.c file and
X once for the y.tab.h file.
X
X
X All attributes are user setable and except for .UPDATEALL
X and .MKSARGS may be used in one of two forms. The .MKSARGS
X attribute is restricted to use as a global attribute, and
X the use of the .UPDATEALL attribute is restricted to rules
X of the second form only.
X
X ATTRIBUTE_LIST : _t_a_r_g_e_t_s
X
X assigns the attributes specified by ATTRIBUTE_LIST to each
X target in _t_a_r_g_e_t_s or
X
X _t_a_r_g_e_t_s ATTRIBUTE_LIST : ...
X
X assigns the attributes specified by ATTRIBUTE_LIST to each
X target in _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_. In the first form if _t_a_r_g_e_t_s is empty
X (ie. a NULL list), then the list of attributes will apply to
X all targets in the makefile (this is equivalent to the com-
X mon Make construct of _"_._I_G_N_O_R_E _:_" but has been modified to
X the notion of an attribute instead of a special target).
X Not all of the attributes have global meaning. In particu-
X lar, .LIBRARY, .SYMBOL, and .UPDATEALL have no assigned
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 10
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X global meaning.
X
X Any attribute may be used with any target, even with the
X special targets. Some combinations are useless (e.g.
X .INCLUDE .PRECIOUS: ... ), while others are useful (e.g.
X .INCLUDE .IGNORE : "file.mk" will not complain if file.mk
X cannot be found using the include file search rules, see the
X section on SPECIAL TARGETS for a description of .INCLUDE).
X If a specified attribute will not be used with the special
X target a warning is issued and the attribute is ignored.
X
XMMAACCRROOSS
X ddmmaakkee supports six types of macro assignment.
X
X
X MMAACCRROO == LLIINNEE This is the most common and familiar form of
X macro assignment. It assigns LINE literally
X as the value of MACRO. Future expansions of
X MACRO recursively expand it's value.
X
X MMAACCRROO **== LLIINNEE This form behaves exactly as the simple '='
X form with the exception that if MACRO
X already has a value then the assignment is
X not performed.
X
X MMAACCRROO ::== LLIINNEE This form differs from the simple '=' form
X in that it expands LINE prior to assigning
X it as the value of MACRO. Future expansions
X of MACRO do not recursively expand it's
X value.
X
X MMAACCRROO **::== LLIINNEE This form behaves exactly as the ':=' form
X with the exception that if MACRO already has
X a value then the assignment and expansion
X are not performed.
X
X MMAACCRROO ++== LLIINNEE This form of macro assignment allows macro
X values to grow. It takes the literal value
X of LINE and appends it to the previous value
X of MACRO separating the two by a single
X space. Future expansions of MACRO recur-
X sively expand it's value.
X
X MMAACCRROO ++::== LLIINNEE This form is similar to the '+=' form except
X that the value of LINE is expanded prior to
X being added to the value of MACRO.
X
X Macro expressions specified on the command line allow the
X macro value to be redefined within the makefile only if the
X macro is defined using the '+=' and '+:=' operators. Other
X operators will define a macro that cannot be further modi-
X fied.
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 11
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X When ddmmaakkee defines a non-environment macro it strips leading
X and trailing white space from the macro value. Macros
X imported from the environment via either the .IMPORT special
X target (see the SPECIAL TARGETS section), or the --ee, or --EE
X flags are an exception to this rule. Their values are
X always taken literally and white space is never stripped.
X In addition, macros defined using the .IMPORT special target
X do not have their values expanded when they are used within
X a makefile. In contrast, environment macros that are
X imported due to the specification of the --ee or --EE flags are
X subject to expansion when used.
X
X To specify a macro expansion enclose the name in () or {}
X and precede it with a dollar sign $. Thus $(TEST)
X represents an expansion of the macro variable named TEST.
X If TEST is defined then $(TEST) is replaced by its expanded
X value. If TEST is not defined then $(TEST) expands to the
X NULL string (this is equivalent to defining a macro as
X 'TEST=' ). A short form may be used for single character
X named macros. In this case the parentheses are optional,
X and $(I) is equivalent to $I. Macro expansion is recursive,
X hence, if the value string contains an expression represent-
X ing a macro expansion, the expansion is performed. Circular
X macro expansions are detected and cause an error to be
X issued.
X
X When defining a macro the given macro name is first expanded
X before being used to define the macro. Thus it is possible
X to define macros whose names depend on values of other mac-
X ros. For example, suppose
X
X CWD = $(PWD:b)
X
X is defined, then the value of $(CWD) is the name of the
X current directory. This can be used to define macros
X specific to this directory, for example:
X
X _$(CWD).prt = list of files to print...
X
X The actual name of the defined macro is a function of the
X current directory. A construct such as this is useful when
X processing a hierarchy of directories using .SETDIR attri-
X buted targets and a collection of small distributed makefile
X stubs.
X
X Macro variables may be defined within the makefile, on the
X command line, or imported from the environment.
X
X ddmmaakkee supports several non-standard macro expansions: The
X first is of the form:
X
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 12
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X _$_(_m_a_c_r_o___n_a_m_e_:_m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r___l_i_s_t_:_m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r___l_i_s_t_:_._._._)
X
X where _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r___l_i_s_t is chosen from the set { D or d, F or f,
X B or b, S or s, T or t } and
X
X d - directory portion of all path names
X f - file (including suffix) portion of path names
X b - file (not including suffix) portion of path names
X s - simple pattern substitution
X t - tokenization.
X
X Thus if we have the example:
X
X test = d1/d2/d3/a.out f.out d1/k.out
X
X The following macro expansions produce the values on the
X right of '-->' after expansion.
X
X $(test:d) --> d1/d2/d3/ d1/
X $(test:b) --> a f k
X $(test:f) --> a.out f.out k.out
X ${test:db} --> d1/d2/d3/a f d1/k
X ${test:s/out/in/:f} --> a.in f.in k.in
X $(test:f:t"+") --> a.out+f.out+k.out
X
X If a token ends in a string composed from the value of the
X macro DIRBRKSTR (ie. ends in a directory separator string,
X e.g. '/' in UNIX) and you use the ::dd modifier then the
X expansion returns the directory name less the final direc-
X tory separator string. Thus successive pairs of :d modif-
X iers each remove a level of directory in the token string.
X
X The tokenization modifier takes all white space separated
X tokens from the macro value and separates them by the quoted
X separator string. The separator string may contain the fol-
X lowing escape codes \a => <bel>, \b => <backspace>, \f =>
X <formfeed>, \n => <nl>, \r => <cr>, \t => <tab>, \v =>
X <vertical tab>, \" => ", and \xxx => <xxx> where xxx is the
X octal representation of a character. Thus the expansion:
X
X $(test:f:t"+\n")
X produces:
X a.out+
X f.out+
X k.out
X
X The second non-standard form of macro expansion allows for
X recursive macros. It is possible to specify a $(_m_a_c_r_o___n_a_m_e)
X or ${_m_a_c_r_o___n_a_m_e} expansion where _m_a_c_r_o___n_a_m_e contains more $(
X ... ) or ${ ... } macro expansions itself.
X
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 13
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X For example $(CC$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER)) will first expand
X CC$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER) to get a result and use that result
X as the name of the macro to expand. This is useful for
X writing a makefile for more than one target environment. As
X an example consider the following hypothetical case. Suppose
X that _HOST and _COMPILER are imported from the environment
X and are set to represent the host machine type and the host
X compiler respectively.
X
X CFLAGS_VAX_CC = -c -O # _HOST == "_VAX", _COMPILER == "_CC"
X CFLAGS_PC_MSC = -c -ML # _HOST == "_PC", _COMPILER == "_MSC"
X
X # redefine CFLAGS macro as:
X
X CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER))
X
X This causes CFLAGS to take on a value that corresponds to
X the environment in which the make is being invoked.
X
X The final non-standard macro expansion is of the form:
X
X string1{token_list}string2
X
X where string1, string2 and token_list are expanded. After
X expansion, string1 is prepended to each token found in
X token_list and string2 is appended to each resulting token
X from the previous prepend. string1 and string2 are not del-
X imited by white space whereas the tokens in token_list are.
X A null token in the token list is specified using "". Thus
X using another example we have:
X
X test/{f1 f2}.o --> test/f1.o test/f2.o
X test/ {f1 f2}.o --> test/ f1.o f2.o
X test/{f1 f2} .o --> test/f1 test/f2 .o
X test/{ f1 "f2" "" }.o --> test/f1.o test/f2.o
X test/.o
X
X and
X
X test/{ d1 d2 }/{ f1 f2 }.o --> test/d1/f1.o
X test/d1/f2.o
X test/d2/f1.o
X test/d2/f2.o
X
X See the SPECIAL MACROS section for a description of the spe-
X cial macros that ddmmaakkee defines and understands.
X
XRRUULLEESS AANNDD TTAARRGGEETTSS
X A makefile contains a series of entries that specify depen-
X dencies. Such entries are called _t_a_r_g_e_t_/_p_r_e_r_e_q_u_i_s_i_t_e or
X _r_u_l_e definitions. Each rule definition is optionally fol-
X lowed by a set of lines that provide a recipe for updating
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 14
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X any targets defined by the rule. Whenever ddmmaakkee attempts to
X bring a target up to date and an explicit recipe is provided
X with a rule defining the target, that recipe is used to
X update the target. A rule definition begins with a line
X having the following syntax:
X
X _<_t_a_r_g_e_t_s_> [_<_a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s_>] _<_r_u_l_e_o_p_> [_<_p_r_e_r_e_q_u_i_s_i_t_e_s_>] [;_<_r_e_c_i_p_e_>]
X
X _t_a_r_g_e_t_s is a non-empty list of targets. If the target is a
X special target (see SPECIAL TARGETS section below) then it
X must appear alone on the rule line. For example:
X
X .IMPORT .ERROR : ...
X
X is not allowed since both .IMPORT and .ERROR are special
X targets. Special targets are not used in the construction
X of the dependency graph and will not be made.
X
X _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s is a possibly empty list of attributes. Any
X attribute defined in the ATTRIBUTES section above may be
X specified. All attributes will be applied to the list of
X named targets in the rule definition. No other targets will
X be affected.
X
X
X NOTE: As stated earlier, if both the target list and
X prerequisite list are empty but the attributes list
X is not, then the specified attributes affect all
X targets in the makefile.
X
X
X _r_u_l_e_o_p is a separator which is used to identify the targets
X from the prerequisites. Optionally it also provides a
X facility for modifying the way in which ddmmaakkee handles the
X making of the associated targets. In its simplest form the
X operator is a single ':', and need not be separated by white
X space from its neighbouring tokens. It may additionally be
X followed by any of the modifiers { !, ^, -, : }, where:
X
X
X !! says execute the recipe for the associated targets once
X for each out of date prerequisite. Ordinarily the
X recipe is executed once for all out of date prere-
X quisites at the same time.
X
X ^^ says to insert the specified prerequisites, if any,
X before any other prerequisites already associated with
X the specified targets. In general, it is not useful to
X specify ^ with an empty list of prerequisites.
X
X -- says to clear the previous list of prerequisites before
X adding the new prerequisites. Thus,
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50 UW 15
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X .SUFFIXES :
X .SUFFIXES : .a .b
X
X can be replaced by
X
X .SUFFIXES :- .a .b
X
X however the old form still works as expected. NOTE:
X .SUFFIXES is ignored by ddmmaakkee it is used here simply as
X an example.
X
X :: When the rule operator is not modified by a second ':'
X only one set of rules may be specified for making a
X target. Multiple definitions may be used to add to the
X list of prerequisites that a target depends on. How-
X ever, if a target is multiply defined only one defini-
X tion may specify a recipe for making the target.
X
X When a target's rule operator is modified by a second
X ':' (:: for example) then this definition may not be
X the only definition with a recipe for the target.
X There may be other :: target definition lines that
X specify a different set of prerequisites with a dif-
X ferent recipe for updating the target. Any such target
X is made if any of the definitions find it to be out of
X date with respect to the related prerequisites and the
X corresponding recipe is used to update the target.
X
X In the following simple example, each rule has a `::'
X _r_u_l_e_o_p. In such an operator we call the first `:' the
X operator, and the second `:' the modifier.
X
X a.o :: a.c b.h
X first recipe for making a.o
X
X a.o :: a.y b.h
X second recipe for making a.o
X
X If a.o is found to be out of date with respect to a.c
X then the first recipe is used to make a.o. If it is
X found out of date with respect to a.y then the second
X recipe is used. If a.o is out of date with respect to
SHAR_EOF
echo "End of part 13"
echo "File man/dmake.p is continued in part 14"
echo "14" > s2_seq_.tmp
exit 0