dvadura@watdragon.waterloo.edu (Dennis Vadura) (10/15/90)
Posting-number: Volume 15, Issue 68 Submitted-by: Dennis Vadura <dvadura@watdragon.waterloo.edu> Archive-name: dmake-3.6/part16 #!/bin/sh # this is part 16 of a multipart archive # do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh # file man/dmake.nc continued # CurArch=16 if test ! -r s2_seq_.tmp then echo "Please unpack part 1 first!" exit 1; fi ( read Scheck if test "$Scheck" != $CurArch then echo "Please unpack part $Scheck next!" exit 1; else exit 0; fi ) < s2_seq_.tmp || exit 1 echo "x - Continuing file man/dmake.nc" sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> man/dmake.nc X re-read by dmake) X X -P# On systems that support multi-processing cause dmake to X use # concurrent child processes to make targets. See X the "MULTI PROCESSING" section for more information. X X -q Check and see if the target is up to date. Exits with X code 0 if up to date, 1 otherwise. X X -r Tells dmake not to read the initial startup makefile, X see STARTUP section for more details. X X -s Tells dmake to do all its work silently and not echo X the commands it is executing to stdout (also suppresses X warnings). This is equivalent to the .SILENT attri- X bute or macro. X X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 2 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X -S Force sequential execution of recipes on architectures X which support concurrent makes. For backward compati- X bility with old makefiles that have nasty side-effect X prerequisite dependencies. X X -t Causes dmake to touch the targets and bring them up to X date without executing any commands. X X -T Tells dmake to not perform transitive closure on the X inference graph. X X -u Force an unconditional update. (ie. do everything that X would be done if everything that a target depended on X was out of date) X X -v Verbose flag, when making targets print to stdout what X we are going to make and what we think it's timestamp X is. X X -V Print the version of dmake, and values of builtin mac- X ros. X X -x Upon processing the user makefile export all non- X internally defined macros to the user's environment. X This option together with the -e option allows SYSV X AUGMAKE recursive makes to function as expected. X XINDEX X Here is a list of the sections that follow and a short X description of each. Perhaps you won't have to read the X whole man page to find what you need. X X STARTUP Describes dmake initialization. X X SYNTAX Describes the syntax of makefile expres- X sions. X X ATTRIBUTES Describes the notion of attributes and X how they are used when making targets. X X MACROS Defining and expanding macros. X X RULES AND TARGETS How to define targets and their prere- X quisites. X X RECIPES How to tell dmake how to make a target. X X TEXT DIVERSIONS How to use text diversions in recipes and X macro expansions. X X SPECIAL TARGETS Some targets are special. X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 3 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X SPECIAL MACROS Macros used by dmake to alter the pro- X cessing of the makefile, and those X defined by dmake for the user. X X CONTROL MACROS Itemized list of special control macros. X X RUN-TIME MACROS Discussion of special run-time macros X such as $@ and $<. X X FUNCTION MACROS GNU style function macros, only $(mktmp X ...) for now. X X DYNAMIC PREREQUISITES X Processing of prerequisites which contain X macro expansions in their name. X X BINDING TARGETS The rules that dmake uses to bind a tar- X get to an existing file in the file sys- X tem. X X PERCENT(%) RULES Specification of recipes to be used by X the inference algorithm. X X MAKING INFERENCES The rules that dmake uses when inferring X how to make a target which has no expli- X cit recipe. This and the previous sec- X tion are really a single section in the X text. X X MAKING TARGETS How dmake makes targets other than X libraries. X X MAKING LIBRARIES How dmake makes libraries. X X MULTI PROCESSING Discussion of dmake's parallel make X facilities for architectures that support X them. X X CONDITIONALS Conditional expressions which control the X processing of the makefile. X X EXAMPLES Some hopefully useful examples. X X COMPATIBILITY How dmake compares with previous versions X of make. X X LIMITS Limitations of dmake. X X PORTABILITY Comments on writing portable makefiles. X X FILES Files used by dmake. X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 4 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X SEE ALSO Other related programs, and man pages. X X AUTHOR The guy responsible for this thing. X X BUGS Hope not. X XSTARTUP X When dmake begins execution it first processes the command X line and then processes an initial startup-makefile. This X is followed by an attempt to locate and process a user sup- X plied makefile. The startup file defines the default values X of all required control macros and the set of default rules X for making inferences. When searching for the startup X makefile, dmake searches the following locations, in order, X until a startup file is located: X X 1. The location given as the value of the macro MAK- X ESTARTUP defined on the command line. X X 2. The location given as the value of the environment X variable MAKESTARTUP defined in the current X environment. X X 3. The location given as the value of the macro MAK- X ESTARTUP defined internally within dmake. X X The above search is disabled by specifying the -r option on X the command line. An error is issued if a startup makefile X cannot be found and the -r option was not specified. A user X may substitute a custom startup file by defining the MAKES- X TARTUP environment variable or by redefining the MAKESTARTUP X macro on the command line. To determine where dmake looks X for the default startup file, check your environment or X issue the command "dmake -V". X X A similar search is performed to locate a default user X makefile when no -f command line option is specified. The X special target .MAKEFILES is defined by default. This X target's prerequisite list specifies the names of files and X the order that dmake will use to search for them when X attempting to locate the default makefile. A typical defin- X ition for this target is: X X .MAKEFILES : makefile.mk Makefile makefile X X dmake will first look for makefile.mk and then the others. X If a prerequisite cannot be found dmake will try to make it X before going on to the next prerequisite. For example, X makefile.mk can be checked out of an RCS file if the proper X rules for doing so are defined in the startup file. X X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 5 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X XSYNTAX X This section is a summary of the syntax of makefile state- X ments. The description is given in a style similar to BNF, X where { } enclose items that may appear zero or more times, X and [ ] enclose items that are optional. Alternative pro- X ductions for a left hand side are indicated by '->', and X newlines are significant. All symbols in bold type are text X or names representing text supplied by the user. X X X X Makefile -> { Statement } X X Statement -> Macro-Definition X -> Conditional X -> Rule-Definition X -> Attribute-Definition X X Macro-Definition -> MACRO = LINE X -> MACRO *= LINE X -> MACRO := LINE X -> MACRO *:= LINE X -> MACRO += LINE X -> MACRO +:= LINE X X Conditional -> .IF expression X Makefile X [ .ELSE X Makefile ] X .END X X expression -> LINE X -> STRING == LINE X -> STRING != LINE X X X Rule-Definition -> target-definition X [ recipe ] X X target-definition -> targets [attrs] op { PREREQUISITE } [; rcp-line] X X targets -> target { targets } X -> "target" { targets } X X target -> special-target X -> TARGET X X attrs -> attribute { attrs } X -> "attribute" { attrs } X X op -> : { modifier } X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 6 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X modifier -> : X -> ^ X -> ! X -> - X X recipe -> { TAB rcp-line } X -> [@][%][-] [ X { LINE } X ] X X rcp-line -> [@][%][-][+] LINE X X X Attribute-Definition -> attrs : targets X X X attribute -> .EPILOG X -> .IGNORE X -> .LIBRARY X -> .MKSARGS X -> .NOINFER X -> .PRECIOUS X -> .PROLOG X -> .SETDIR=path X -> .SILENT X -> .SEQUENTIAL X -> .SWAP X -> .USESHELL X -> .SYMBOL X -> .UPDATEALL X X special-target -> .ERROR X -> .EXPORT X -> .GROUPEPILOG X -> .GROUPPROLOG X -> .IMPORT X -> .INCLUDE X -> .INCLUDEDIRS X -> .MAKEFILES X -> .REMOVE X -> .SOURCE X -> .SOURCE.suffix X -> .suffix1.suffix2 X X X Where, TAB represents a <tab> character, STRING represents X an arbitrary sequence of characters, and LINE represents a X possibly empty sequence of characters terminated by a non- X escaped (not immediately preceded by a backslash '\') new- X line character. MACRO, PREREQUISITE, and TARGET each X represent a string of characters not including space or tab X which respectively form the name of a macro, prerequisite or X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 7 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X target. The name may itself be a macro expansion expres- X sion. A LINE can be continued over several physical lines X by terminating it with a single backslash character. Com- X ments are initiated by the pound '#' character and extend to X the end of line. All comment text is discarded, a '#' may X be placed into the makefile text by escaping it with '\' X (ie. \# translates to # when it is parsed). A group of con- X tinued lines may be commented out by placing a single # at X the start of the first line of the group. A continued line X may not span more than one makefile. X X white space is defined to be any combination of <space>, X <tab>, and the sequence \<nl> when \<nl> is used to ter- X minate a LINE. When processing macro definition lines, any X amount of white space is allowed on either side of the macro X operator (=, *=, :=, *:=, += or +:=), and white space is X stripped from both before and after the macro value string. X The sequence \<nl> is treated as white space during recipe X expansion and is deleted from the final recipe string. You X must escape the \<nl> with a \ in order to get a \ at the X end of a recipe line. The \<nl> sequence is deleted from X macro values when they are expanded. X X When processing target definition lines, the recipe for a X target must, in general, follow the first definition of the X target (See the RULES AND TARGETS section for an exception), X and the recipe may not span across multiple makefiles. Any X targets and prerequisites found on a target definition line X are taken to be white space separated tokens. The rule X operator (op in SYNTAX section) is also considered to be a X token but does not require white space to precede or follow X it. Since the rule operator begins with a `:', traditional X versions of make do not allow the `:' character to form a X valid target name. dmake allows `:' to be present in X target/prerequisite names as long as the entire X target/prerequisite name is quoted. For example: X X a:fred : test X X would be parsed as TARGET = a, PREREQUISITES are fred, :, X and test, which is not what was intended. To fix this you X must write: X X "a:fred" : test X X Which will be parsed as expected. See the EXAMPLES section X for how to apply this to a list of targets. X XATTRIBUTES X dmake defines several target attributes. Attributes may be X assigned to a single target, a group of targets, or to all X targets in the makefile. Attributes are used to modify X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 8 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X dmake actions during target update. The recognized attri- X butes are: X X X .EPILOG Insert shell epilog code when executing a group X recipe associated with any target having this X attribute set. X X .IGNORE Ignore an error when trying to make any target X with this attribute set. X X .LIBRARY Target is a library. X X .MKSARGS If in an MSDOS environment then use MKS extended X argument passing conventions to pass arguments X to commands. Non-MSDOS environments ignore this X attribute. X X .NOINFER Any target with this attribute set will not be X subjected to transitive closure if it is X inferred as a prerequisite of a target whose X recipe and prerequisites are being inferred. X (i.e. the inference algorithm will not use any X prerequisite with this attribute set, as a tar- X get) X X .PRECIOUS Do not remove this target under any cir- X cumstances. Set by default for any targets X whose corresponding files exist in the file sys- X tem prior to the execution of dmake. X X .PROLOG Insert shell prolog code when executing a group X recipe associated with any target having this X attribute set. X X .SEQUENTIAL Force a sequential make of the associated X target's prerequisites. X X .SETDIR Change current working directory to specified X directory when making the associated target. X You must specify the directory at the time the X attribute is specified. To do this simply give X .SETDIR=path as the attribute. path is expanded X and the result is used as the value of the X directory to change to. If path is surrounded X by single quotes then path is not expanded, and X is used literally as the directory name. If the X path contains any `:' characters then the entire X attribute string must be quoted using ". If a X target having this attribute set also has the X .IGNORE attribute set then if the change to the X specified directory fails it will be ignored, X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 9 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X and no error message will be issued. X X .SILENT Do not echo the recipe lines when making any X target with this attribute set, and do not issue X any warnings. X X .SWAP Under MSDOS when making a target with this X attribute set swap the dmake executable to disk X prior to executing the recipe line. X X .SYMBOL Target is a library member and is an entry point X into a module in the library. This attribute is X used only when searching a library for a target. X Targets of the form lib((entry)) have this X attribute set automatically. X X .USESHELL Force each recipe line of a target to be exe- X cuted using a shell. Specifying this attribute X is equivalent to specifying the '+' character at X the start of each line of a non-group recipe. X X .UPDATEALL Indicates that all the targets listed in this X rule are updated by the execution of the accom- X panying recipe. A common example is the produc- X tion of the y.tab.c and y.tab.h files by yacc X when it is run on a grammar. Specifying X .UPDATEALL in such a rule prevents the running X of yacc twice, once for the y.tab.c file and X once for the y.tab.h file. X X X All attributes are user setable and except for .UPDATEALL X and .MKSARGS may be used in one of two forms. The .MKSARGS X attribute is restricted to use as a global attribute, and X the use of the .UPDATEALL attribute is restricted to rules X of the second form only. X X ATTRIBUTE_LIST : targets X X assigns the attributes specified by ATTRIBUTE_LIST to each X target in targets or X X targets ATTRIBUTE_LIST : ... X X assigns the attributes specified by ATTRIBUTE_LIST to each X target in targets. In the first form if targets is empty X (ie. a NULL list), then the list of attributes will apply to X all targets in the makefile (this is equivalent to the com- X mon Make construct of ".IGNORE :" but has been modified to X the notion of an attribute instead of a special target). X Not all of the attributes have global meaning. In particu- X lar, .LIBRARY, .SYMBOL, and .UPDATEALL have no assigned X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 10 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X global meaning. X X Any attribute may be used with any target, even with the X special targets. Some combinations are useless (e.g. X .INCLUDE .PRECIOUS: ... ), while others are useful (e.g. X .INCLUDE .IGNORE : "file.mk" will not complain if file.mk X cannot be found using the include file search rules, see the X section on SPECIAL TARGETS for a description of .INCLUDE). X If a specified attribute will not be used with the special X target a warning is issued and the attribute is ignored. X XMACROS X dmake supports six types of macro assignment. X X X MACRO = LINE This is the most common and familiar form of X macro assignment. It assigns LINE literally X as the value of MACRO. Future expansions of X MACRO recursively expand it's value. X X MACRO *= LINE This form behaves exactly as the simple '=' X form with the exception that if MACRO X already has a value then the assignment is X not performed. X X MACRO := LINE This form differs from the simple '=' form X in that it expands LINE prior to assigning X it as the value of MACRO. Future expansions X of MACRO do not recursively expand it's X value. X X MACRO *:= LINE This form behaves exactly as the ':=' form X with the exception that if MACRO already has X a value then the assignment and expansion X are not performed. X X MACRO += LINE This form of macro assignment allows macro X values to grow. It takes the literal value X of LINE and appends it to the previous value X of MACRO separating the two by a single X space. Future expansions of MACRO recur- X sively expand it's value. X X MACRO +:= LINE This form is similar to the '+=' form except X that the value of LINE is expanded prior to X being added to the value of MACRO. X X Macro expressions specified on the command line allow the X macro value to be redefined within the makefile only if the X macro is defined using the '+=' and '+:=' operators. Other X operators will define a macro that cannot be further modi- X fied. X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 11 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X When dmake defines a non-environment macro it strips leading X and trailing white space from the macro value. Macros X imported from the environment via either the .IMPORT special X target (see the SPECIAL TARGETS section), or the -e, or -E X flags are an exception to this rule. Their values are X always taken literally and white space is never stripped. X In addition, macros defined using the .IMPORT special target X do not have their values expanded when they are used within X a makefile. In contrast, environment macros that are X imported due to the specification of the -e or -E flags are X subject to expansion when used. X X To specify a macro expansion enclose the name in () or {} X and precede it with a dollar sign $. Thus $(TEST) X represents an expansion of the macro variable named TEST. X If TEST is defined then $(TEST) is replaced by its expanded X value. If TEST is not defined then $(TEST) expands to the X NULL string (this is equivalent to defining a macro as X 'TEST=' ). A short form may be used for single character X named macros. In this case the parentheses are optional, X and $(I) is equivalent to $I. Macro expansion is recursive, X hence, if the value string contains an expression represent- X ing a macro expansion, the expansion is performed. Circular X macro expansions are detected and cause an error to be X issued. X X When defining a macro the given macro name is first expanded X before being used to define the macro. Thus it is possible X to define macros whose names depend on values of other mac- X ros. For example, suppose X X CWD = $(PWD:b) X X is defined, then the value of $(CWD) is the name of the X current directory. This can be used to define macros X specific to this directory, for example: X X _$(CWD).prt = list of files to print... X X The actual name of the defined macro is a function of the X current directory. A construct such as this is useful when X processing a hierarchy of directories using .SETDIR attri- X buted targets and a collection of small distributed makefile X stubs. X X Macro variables may be defined within the makefile, on the X command line, or imported from the environment. X X dmake supports several non-standard macro expansions: The X first is of the form: X X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 12 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X $(macro_name:modifier_list:modifier_list:...) X X where modifier_list is chosen from the set { D or d, F or f, X B or b, S or s, T or t } and X X d - directory portion of all path names X f - file (including suffix) portion of path names X b - file (not including suffix) portion of path names X s - simple pattern substitution X t - tokenization. X X Thus if we have the example: X X test = d1/d2/d3/a.out f.out d1/k.out X X The following macro expansions produce the values on the X right of '-->' after expansion. X X $(test:d) --> d1/d2/d3/ d1/ X $(test:b) --> a f k X $(test:f) --> a.out f.out k.out X ${test:db} --> d1/d2/d3/a f d1/k X ${test:s/out/in/:f} --> a.in f.in k.in X $(test:f:t"+") --> a.out+f.out+k.out X X If a token ends in a string composed from the value of the X macro DIRBRKSTR (ie. ends in a directory separator string, X e.g. '/' in UNIX) and you use the :d modifier then the X expansion returns the directory name less the final direc- X tory separator string. Thus successive pairs of :d modif- X iers each remove a level of directory in the token string. X X The tokenization modifier takes all white space separated X tokens from the macro value and separates them by the quoted X separator string. The separator string may contain the fol- X lowing escape codes \a => <bel>, \b => <backspace>, \f => X <formfeed>, \n => <nl>, \r => <cr>, \t => <tab>, \v => X <vertical tab>, \" => ", and \xxx => <xxx> where xxx is the X octal representation of a character. Thus the expansion: X X $(test:f:t"+\n") X produces: X a.out+ X f.out+ X k.out X X The second non-standard form of macro expansion allows for X recursive macros. It is possible to specify a $(macro_name) X or ${macro_name} expansion where macro_name contains more $( X ... ) or ${ ... } macro expansions itself. X X X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 13 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X For example $(CC$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER)) will first expand X CC$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER) to get a result and use that result X as the name of the macro to expand. This is useful for X writing a makefile for more than one target environment. As X an example consider the following hypothetical case. Suppose X that _HOST and _COMPILER are imported from the environment X and are set to represent the host machine type and the host X compiler respectively. X X CFLAGS_VAX_CC = -c -O # _HOST == "_VAX", _COMPILER == "_CC" X CFLAGS_PC_MSC = -c -ML # _HOST == "_PC", _COMPILER == "_MSC" X X # redefine CFLAGS macro as: X X CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER)) X X This causes CFLAGS to take on a value that corresponds to X the environment in which the make is being invoked. X X The final non-standard macro expansion is of the form: X X string1{token_list}string2 X X where string1, string2 and token_list are expanded. After X expansion, string1 is prepended to each token found in X token_list and string2 is appended to each resulting token X from the previous prepend. string1 and string2 are not del- X imited by white space whereas the tokens in token_list are. X A null token in the token list is specified using "". Thus X using another example we have: X X test/{f1 f2}.o --> test/f1.o test/f2.o X test/ {f1 f2}.o --> test/ f1.o f2.o X test/{f1 f2} .o --> test/f1 test/f2 .o X test/{ f1 "f2" "" }.o --> test/f1.o test/f2.o X test/.o X X and X X test/{ d1 d2 }/{ f1 f2 }.o --> test/d1/f1.o X test/d1/f2.o X test/d2/f1.o X test/d2/f2.o X X See the SPECIAL MACROS section for a description of the spe- X cial macros that dmake defines and understands. X XRULES AND TARGETS X A makefile contains a series of entries that specify depen- X dencies. Such entries are called target/prerequisite or X rule definitions. Each rule definition is optionally fol- X lowed by a set of lines that provide a recipe for updating X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 14 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X any targets defined by the rule. Whenever dmake attempts to X bring a target up to date and an explicit recipe is provided X with a rule defining the target, that recipe is used to X update the target. A rule definition begins with a line X having the following syntax: X X <targets> [<attributes>] <ruleop> [<prerequisites>] [;<recipe>] X X targets is a non-empty list of targets. If the target is a X special target (see SPECIAL TARGETS section below) then it X must appear alone on the rule line. For example: X X .IMPORT .ERROR : ... X X is not allowed since both .IMPORT and .ERROR are special X targets. Special targets are not used in the construction X of the dependency graph and will not be made. X X attributes is a possibly empty list of attributes. Any X attribute defined in the ATTRIBUTES section above may be X specified. All attributes will be applied to the list of X named targets in the rule definition. No other targets will X be affected. X X X NOTE: As stated earlier, if both the target list and X prerequisite list are empty but the attributes list X is not, then the specified attributes affect all X targets in the makefile. X X X ruleop is a separator which is used to identify the targets X from the prerequisites. Optionally it also provides a X facility for modifying the way in which dmake handles the X making of the associated targets. In its simplest form the X operator is a single ':', and need not be separated by white X space from its neighbouring tokens. It may additionally be X followed by any of the modifiers { !, ^, -, : }, where: X X X ! says execute the recipe for the associated targets once X for each out of date prerequisite. Ordinarily the X recipe is executed once for all out of date prere- X quisites at the same time. X X ^ says to insert the specified prerequisites, if any, X before any other prerequisites already associated with X the specified targets. In general, it is not useful to X specify ^ with an empty list of prerequisites. X X - says to clear the previous list of prerequisites before X adding the new prerequisites. Thus, X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 15 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X .SUFFIXES : X .SUFFIXES : .a .b X X can be replaced by X X .SUFFIXES :- .a .b X X however the old form still works as expected. NOTE: X .SUFFIXES is ignored by dmake it is used here simply as X an example. X X : When the rule operator is not modified by a second ':' X only one set of rules may be specified for making a X target. Multiple definitions may be used to add to the X list of prerequisites that a target depends on. How- X ever, if a target is multiply defined only one defini- X tion may specify a recipe for making the target. X X When a target's rule operator is modified by a second X ':' (:: for example) then this definition may not be X the only definition with a recipe for the target. X There may be other :: target definition lines that X specify a different set of prerequisites with a dif- X ferent recipe for updating the target. Any such target X is made if any of the definitions find it to be out of X date with respect to the related prerequisites and the X corresponding recipe is used to update the target. X X In the following simple example, each rule has a `::' X ruleop. In such an operator we call the first `:' the X operator, and the second `:' the modifier. X X a.o :: a.c b.h X first recipe for making a.o X X a.o :: a.y b.h X second recipe for making a.o X X If a.o is found to be out of date with respect to a.c X then the first recipe is used to make a.o. If it is X found out of date with respect to a.y then the second X recipe is used. If a.o is out of date with respect to X b.h then both recipes are invoked to make a.o. In the X last case the order of invocation corresponds to the X order in which the rule definitions appear in the X makefile. X X Targets defined using a single `:' operator with a recipe X may be redefined again with a new recipe by using a `:' X operator with a `:' modifier. This is equivalent to a tar- X get having been initially defined with a rule using a `:' X modifier. Once a target is defined using a `:' modifier it X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 16 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X may not be defined again with a recipe using only the `:' X operator with no `:' modifier. In both cases the use of a X `:' modifier creates a new list of prerequisites and makes X it the current prerequisite list for the target. The `:' X operator with no recipe always modifies the current list of X prerequisites. Thus assuming each of the following defini- X tions has a recipe attached, then: X X joe : fred ... (1) X joe :: more ... (2) X X and X X joe :: fred ... (3) X joe :: more ... (4) X X are legal and mean: add the recipe associated with (2), or X (4) to the set of recipes for joe, placing them after exist- X ing recipes for making joe. The constructs: X X joe :: fred ... (5) X joe : more ... (6) X X and X X joe : fred ... (7) X joe : more ... (8) X X are errors since we have two sets of perfectly good recipes X for making the target. X X prerequisites is a possibly empty list of targets that must X be brought up to date before making the current target. X X recipe is a short form and allows the user to specify short X rule definitions on a single line. It is taken to be the X first recipe line in a larger recipe if additional lines X follow the rule definition. If the semi-colon is present X but the recipe line is empty (ie. null string) then it is X taken to be an empty rule. Any target so defined causes the X Don't know how to make ... error message to be suppressed X when dmake tries to make the target and fails. This silence X is maintained for rules that are terminated by a semicolon X and have no following recipe lines, for targets listed on X the command line, and for the first target found in the X makefile. X XRECIPES X The traditional format used by most versions of Make defines X the recipe lines as arbitrary strings that may contain macro X expansions. They follow a rule definition line and may be X spaced apart by comment or blank lines. The list of recipe X X X XVersion 3.50 UW 17 X X X X XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Software DMAKE(p) X X X X lines defining the recipe is terminated by a new target X definition, a macro definition, or end-of-file. Each recipe X line MUST begin with a <TAB> character which may optionally X be followed with one or all of the characters '@%+-'. The X '-' indicates that non-zero exit values (ie. errors) are to X be ignored when this recipe line is executed, the '+' indi- X cates that the current recipe line is to be executed using X the shell, the '%' indicates that dmake should swap itself X out to secondary storage (MSDOS only) before running the X recipe and the '@' indicates that the recipe line should NOT X be echoed to the terminal prior to being executed. Each X switch is off by default (ie. by default, errors are signi- X ficant, commands are echoed, no swapping is done and a shell X is used only if the recipe line contains a character found X in the value of the SHELLMETAS macro). Global settings X activated via command line options or special attribute or X target names may also affect these settings. An example X recipe: X X target : X first recipe line X second recipe line, executed independently of the first. X @a recipe line that is not echoed X -and one that has errors ignored X %and one that causes dmake to swap out X +and one that is executed using a shell. X X The second and new format of the recipe block begins the X block with the character '[' (the open group character) in X the last non-white space position of a line, and terminates X the block with the character ']' (the close group character) X in the first non-white space position of a line. In this X form each recipe line need not have a leading TAB. This is X called a recipe group. Groups so defined are fed intact as X a single unit to a shell for execution whenever the X corresponding target needs to be updated. If the open group X character '[' is preceded by one or all of -, @ or % then X they apply to the entire group in the same way that they X apply to single recipe lines. You may also specify '+' but SHAR_EOF echo "End of part 16" echo "File man/dmake.nc is continued in part 17" echo "17" > s2_seq_.tmp exit 0