pfalstad@phoenix.princeton.edu (Paul Falstad) (04/25/91)
Submitted-by: Paul Falstad <pfalstad@phoenix.princeton.edu>
Posting-number: Volume 18, Issue 97
Archive-name: zsh2.00/part14
#!/bin/sh
# this is zsh2.00.00.shar.14 (part 14 of zsh2.00.00)
# do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
# file zsh2.00/src/zsh.1 continued
#
if test ! -r _shar_seq_.tmp; then
echo 'Please unpack part 1 first!'
exit 1
fi
(read Scheck
if test "$Scheck" != 14; then
echo Please unpack part "$Scheck" next!
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
) < _shar_seq_.tmp || exit 1
if test ! -f _shar_wnt_.tmp; then
echo 'x - still skipping zsh2.00/src/zsh.1'
else
echo 'x - continuing file zsh2.00/src/zsh.1'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> 'zsh2.00/src/zsh.1' &&
XRefer to the current command line typed in so far.
X.TP
X.BR !{ .\|.\|. }
XInsulate a history reference from adjacent characters (if necessary).
X.PD
X.RE
X.SS Word Designators
X.PP
XA
X.RB ` : '
Xseparates the event specification from the word designator.
XIt can be omitted if the word designator begins with a
X.BR \*^ ,
X.BR $ ,
X.BR * ,
X.B \-
Xor
X.BR % .
XIf the word is to be selected from the previous command, the second
X.B !
Xcharacter can be omitted from the event specification. For instance,
X.B !!:1
Xand
X.B !:1
Xboth refer to the first word of the previous command, while
X.B !!$
Xand
X.B !$
Xboth refer to the last word in the previous command.
XWord designators include:
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B 0
XThe first input word (command).
X.TP
X.I n
XThe
X.IR n 'th
Xargument.
X.TP
X.B ^
XThe first argument, that is,
X.BR 1 .
X.TP
X.B $
XThe last argument.
X.TP
X.B %
XThe word matched by (the most recent)
X.BI ? s
Xsearch.
X.TP
X.IB x \- y
XA range of words;
X.BI \- y
Xabbreviates
X.BI 0\- y\fR.
X.TP
X.B *
XAll the arguments, or a null value if there is just
Xone word in the event.
X.TP
X.IB x *
XAbbreviates
X.IB x \-$ .
X.TP
X.IB x \-
XLike
X.I x*
Xbut omitting word
X.BR $ .
X.PD
X.RE
X.SS Modifiers
X.PP
XAfter the optional word designator, you can add
Xa sequence of one or more of the following modifiers,
Xeach preceded by a
X.BR : .
XThese modifiers also work on the result
Xof filename and parameter expansion.
X.RS
X.TP
X.B h
XRemove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head.
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B r
XRemove a trailing suffix of the form
X.RB ` "\&.\fIxxx" ',
Xleaving the basename.
X.TP
X.B e
XRemove all but the suffix.
X.TP
X.BI s/ l / r\fR[\fP / \fR]\fP
XSubstitute
X.I r
Xfor
X.IR l .
X.TP
X.B t
XRemove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
X.TP
X.B &
XRepeat the previous substitution.
X.TP
X.B g
XApply the change to the first occurrence of a match in each word,
Xby prefixing the above (for example,
X.BR g& ).
X.TP
X.B p
XPrint the new command but do not execute it.
X.TP
X.B q
XQuote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
X.TP
X.B x
XLike
X.BR q ,
Xbut break into words at each blank.
X.TP
X.B l
XConvert the words to all lowercase.
X.TP
X.B u
XConvert the words to all uppercase.
X.PD
X.RE
X.PP
XUnless preceded by a
X.BR g ,
Xthe modification is applied only to the
Xfirst string that matches
X.IR l ;
Xan error results if no string matches.
X.PP
XThe left-hand side of substitutions are not regular expressions,
Xbut character strings.
XAny character can be used as the delimiter in place of
X.BR / .
XA backslash quotes the delimiter character.
XThe character
X.BR & ,
Xin the right hand side, is replaced by the text
Xfrom the left-hand-side.
XThe
X.B &
Xcan be quoted with a backslash.
XA null
X.I l
Xuses the previous string either from a
X.I l
Xor from a contextual scan string
X.I s
Xfrom
X.BI !? s\fR.
XYou can omit the rightmost delimiter if a newline
Ximmediately follows
X.IR r ;
Xthe rightmost
X.B ?
Xin a context scan can similarly be omitted.
X.PP
XWithout an event specification, a history reference refers either to the
Xprevious command, or to a previous history reference on the command line
X(if any).
X.PP
XThe character sequence
X.BI ^ foo ^ bar
Xrepeats the last command, replacing the string "foo" with the
Xstring "bar".
X.PP
XIf the shell encounters the character sequence
X\fB!"\fP
Xin the input, the history mechanism is temporarily disabled until
Xthe current list is fully parsed. The
X\fB!"\fP
Xis removed from the input, and any subsequent
X.B !
Xcharacters have no special significance.
X.PP
XA less convenient but more comprehensible
Xform of command history support
Xis provided by the
X.B fc
Xbuiltin (see below).
X.SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
XAn ability to perform integer arithmetic
Xis provided with the builtin
X.BR let .
XEvaluations are performed using
X.I long
Xarithmetic.
XConstants are of the form
X[\fIbase\fB#\^\fR]\fIn\^\fP
Xwhere
X.I base
Xis a decimal number between two and thirty-six
Xrepresenting the arithmetic base
Xand
X.I n
Xis a number in that base.
XIf
X.I base
Xis omitted
Xthen base 10 is used.
X.PP
XAn arithmetic expression uses nearly the same syntax, precedence, and
Xassociativity of
Xexpressions in C.
XThe following operators are supported (listed in decreasing order
Xof precedence):
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.RS
X.TP
X.B + \- ! \(ap ++ \-\|\-
Xunary plus/minus, logical NOT, complement, {pre,post}{in,de}crement
X.TP
X.B &
Xlogical AND
X.TP
X.B ^
Xlogical XOR
X.TP
X.B |
Xlogical OR
X.TP
X.B * / %
Xmultiplication, division, remainder
X.TP
X.B + \-
Xaddition, subtraction
X.TP
X.B << >>
Xlogical shift left, shift right
X.TP
X.B < > <= >=
Xcomparison
X.TP
X.B == !=
Xequality and inequality
X.TP
X.B &&
Xboolean AND
X.TP
X.B || ^^
Xboolean OR, XOR
X.TP
X.B ? :
Xternary operator
X.TP
X.B
X= += \-= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= &&= ||= ^^=
Xassignment
X.TP
X.B ,
Xcomma operator
X.PD
X.RE
X.PP
XThe operators &&, ||, &&=, and ||= are short-circuiting,
Xand only one of the latter two expressions in a ternary operator
Xis evaluated. Note the precedence of the logical AND, OR,
Xand XOR operators.
X.PP
XNamed parameters can be referenced by name within an arithmetic expression
Xwithout using the parameter substitution syntax.
X.PP
XAn internal integer representation of a named parameter
Xcan be specified with the
X.B integer
Xbuiltin.
XArithmetic evaluation is performed on the value of each
Xassignment to a named parameter declared integer
Xin this manner.
X.PP
XSince many of the arithmetic operators require
Xquoting, an alternative form of the
X.B let
Xcommand is provided.
XFor any command which begins with a
X.BR (( ,
Xall the characters until a matching
X.B ))
Xare treated as a quoted expression.
XMore precisely,
X.BR (( ... ))
Xis equivalent to
X.B let
X\fB"\fP...\fB"\fP.
X.SH "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS"
XA \fIconditional expression\fP is used with the
X.B [[
Xcompound command to test attributes of files and to compare strings.
XEach expression can be constructed from one or more
Xof the following unary or binary expressions:
X.PD 0
X.TP
X\fB\-a\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists.
X.TP
X\fB\-b\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is a block special file.
X.TP
X\fB\-c\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is a character special file.
X.TP
X\fB\-d\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is a directory.
X.TP
X\fB\-f\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is an ordinary file.
X.TP
X\fB\-g\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is has its setgid bit set.
X.TP
X\fB\-k\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is has its sticky bit set.
X.TP
X\fB\-n\fP \fIstring\fP
Xtrue if length of
X.I string
Xis non-zero.
X.TP
X\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP
Xtrue if option named
X.I option
Xis on.
X.TP
X\fB\-p\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is a fifo special file or a pipe.
X.TP
X\fB\-r\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is readable by current process.
X.TP
X\fB\-s\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and has size greater than zero.
X.TP
X\fB\-t\fP \fIfd\fP
Xtrue if file descriptor number
X.I fd
Xis open and associated with a terminal device.
X(note: \fIfd\fP is not optional)
X.TP
X\fB\-u\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is has its setuid bit set.
X.TP
X\fB\-w\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is writable by current process.
X.TP
X\fB\-x\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is executable by current process.
XIf
X.I file
Xexists and is a directory, then the current process
Xhas permission to search in the directory.
X.TP
X\fB\-z\fP \fIstring\fP
Xtrue if length of
X.I string
Xis zero.
X.TP
X\fB\-L\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is a symbolic link.
X.TP
X\fB\-O\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is owned by the effective user id of this process.
X.TP
X\fB\-G\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and its group matches the effective group id of this process.
X.TP
X\fB\-S\fP \fIfile\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file
Xexists and is a socket.
X.TP
X\fIfile1\fP \fB\-nt\fP \fIfile2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file1
Xexists and is newer than
X.IR file2 .
X.TP
X\fIfile1\fP \fB\-ot\fP \fIfile2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file1
Xexists and is older than
X.IR file2 .
X.TP
X\fIfile1\fP \fB\-ef\fP \fIfile2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I file1
Xand
X.I file2
Xexist and refer to the same file.
X.TP
X\fIstring\fP \fB=\fP \fIpattern\fP
Xtrue if
X.I string
Xmatches
X.IR pattern .
X.TP
X\fIstring\fP \fB!=\fP \fIpattern\fP
Xtrue if
X.I string
Xdoes not match
X.IR pattern .
X.TP
X\fIstring1\fP \fB<\fP \fIstring2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I string1
Xcomes before
X.I string2
Xbased on ASCII value of their characters.
X.TP
X\fIstring1\fP \fB>\fP \fIstring2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I string1
Xcomes after
X.I string2
Xbased on ASCII value of their characters.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB\-eq\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I exp1
Xis equal to
X.IR exp2.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB\-ne\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I exp1
Xis not equal to
X.IR exp2.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB\-lt\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I exp1
Xis less than
X.IR exp2.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB\-gt\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I exp1
Xis greater than
X.IR exp2.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB\-le\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I exp1
Xis less than or equal to
X.IR exp2.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB\-ge\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if
X.I exp1
Xis greater than or equal to
X.IR exp2.
X.TP
X\fB(\fP \fIexp\fP \fB)\fP
Xtrue if \fIexp\fP is true.
X.TP
X\fB!\fP \fIexp\fP
Xtrue if \fIexp\fP is false.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if \fIexp1\fP and \fIexp2\fP are both true.
X.TP
X\fIexp1\fP \fB||\fP \fIexp2\fP
Xtrue if either \fIexp1\fP or \fIexp2\fP is true.
X.PD
X.PP
XIn each of the above expressions, if
X.I file
Xis of the form
X\fB/dev/fd/\fP\fIn\fR,
Xwhere
X.I n
Xis an integer,
Xthen the test applied to the open file whose
Xdescriptor number is
X.IR n ,
Xeven if the underlying system does not support
Xthe \fB/dev/fd\fP directory.
X.PD
X.SH PARAMETERS
XA parameter has a name, a value, and a number of attributes.
XA name may be any sequence of alphanumeric
Xcharacters and _'s, or the single characters
X*, @, #, ?, \-, $, or !.
XThe value may be either a \fIscalar\fP (a string),
Xan integer, or an array.
XTo assign a scalar or integer value to a parameter,
Xuse the \fBtypeset\fP builtin.
XTo assign an array value, use \fBset \-A\fP \fIname\fP \fIvalue\fP ....
XThe value of a parameter may also be assigned by writing:
X.RS
X.PP
X\fIname\fP=\fIvalue\fP ...
X.RE
X.PP
XIf the integer attribute, \-\fBi\fP, is set for \fIname\fP,
Xthe \fIvalue\fP is subject to arithmetic evaluation.
X.PP
XThe value of an array parameter may be assigned by writing:
X.RS
X.PP
X\fIname\fP=(\fIvalue\fP ...) ...
X.RE
XIndividual elements of an array may be selected using a
Xsubscript. A subscript of the form \fB[\fIexp\fB]\fR
Xselects the single element \fIexp\fP, where \fIexp\fP is
Xan arithmetic expression.
XA subscript of the form \fB[*]\fP evaluates to all
Xelements of an array.
XA subscript of the form \fB[\fIexp1\fP,\fIexp2\fB]\fR
Xselects all elements in the range \fIexp1\fP to \fIexp2\fP,
Xinclusive.
XIf \fIexp2\fP evaluates to \-1, then all elements from
X\fIexp1\fP to the end of the array are extracted.
X.PP
XSubscripting may also be performed on non-array values, in which
Xcase the subscripts specify a substring to be extracted.
XFor example, if \fBFOO\fP is set to \fBfoobar\fP, then
X\fBecho $FOO[2,5]\fP prints \fBooba\fP.
X.SS Positional Parameters
XPositional parameters are set by the shell on invocation,
Xby the \fBset\fP builtin, or by direct assignment.
XThe parameter \fIn\fP, where \fIn\fP is a number,
Xis the \fIn\fPth positional parameter.
XThe parameters \fB*\fP, \fB@\fP, and \fBargc\fP are
Xarrays containing all the positional parameters;
Xthus \fBargc\fP[\fIn\fP], etc. is equivalent to simply \fIn\fP.
X.SS Special Parameters
XThe following parameters are automatically set by the shell:
X.PP
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B !
XThe process id of the last background command invoked.
X.TP
X.B #
XThe number of positional parameters in decimal.
X.TP
X.B ARGC
XSame as \fB#\fP.
X.TP
X.B $
XThe process id of this shell.
X.TP
X.B \-
XFlags supplied to the shell on invocation or by the \fBset\fP
Xor \fBsetopt\fP commands.
X.TP
X.B *
XAn array containing the positional parameters.
X.TP
X.B @
XSame as \fB*\fP.
X.TP
X.B argv
XSame as \fB*\fP.
X.TP
X.B ?
XThe exit value returned by the last command.
X.TP
X.B _
XInitially, the absolute pathname of the shell or script
Xbeing executed as passed in the environment.
XSubsequently, the last argument of the previous command.
X.TP
X.B ERRNO
XThe value of errno as set by the most recently failed system call.
XThis value is system dependent and is intended for debugging
Xpurposes.
X.TP
X.B GID
XThe group id of the shell process.
X.TP
X.B HOST
XThe current hostname.
X.TP
X.B HOSTTYPE
XA string corresponding to the type of the host the shell
Xis running on.
X.TP
X.B LINENO
XThe line number of the current line within the current script
Xbeing executed.
X.TP
X.B OLDPWD
XThe previous working directory.
X.TP
X.B OPTARG
XThe value of the last option argument processed by the \fBgetopts\fP
Xcommand.
X.TP
X.B OPTIND
XThe index of the last option argument processed by the \fBgetopts\fP
Xcommand.
X.TP
X.B PPID
XThe process id of the parent of the shell.
X.TP
X.B PWD
XThe present working directory.
X.TP
X.B RANDOM
XA random integer from 0 to 32767, newly generated each time
Xthis parameter is referenced. The random number generator
Xcan be seeded by assigning a numeric value to \fBRANDOM\fP.
X.TP
X.B SECONDS
XThe number of seconds since shell invocation. If this parameter
Xis assigned a value, then the value returned upon reference
Xwill be the value that was assigned plus the number of seconds
Xsince the assignment.
X.TP
X.B SHLVL
XIncremented by one each time a new shell is started.
X.TP
X.B signals
XAn array containing the names of the signals.
X.TP
X.B TTY
XThe name of the tty associated with the shell, if any.
X.TP
X.B UID
XThe user id of the shell process.
X.TP
X.B USERNAME
X.TP
X.B LOGNAME
XThe username corresponding to the user id of the shell process.
X.TP
X.B VERSION
XThe version number of this \fBzsh\fP.
X.PD
X.RE
X.PP
XThe following parameters are used by the shell:
X.PP
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B BAUD
XThe baud rate of the current connection. Used by the line editor
Xupdate mechanism to compensate for a slow terminal by delaying
Xupdates until necessary. This may be profitably set to a lower value
Xin some circumstances, e.g.
Xfor slow modems dialing into a communications server which is connected
Xto a host via a fast link; in this case, this variable
Xwould be set by default to the speed of the fast link, and not
Xthe modem.
XThis parameter should be set to the baud
Xrate of the slowest part of the link for best performance.
X.TP
X.B cdpath (CDPATH)
XAn array (colon-separated list)
Xof directories specifying the search path for the \fBcd\fP command.
X.TP
X.B COLUMNS
XThe number of columns for this terminal session.
XUsed for printing select lists and for the line editor.
X.TP
X.B DIRSTACKSIZE
XThe maximum size of the directory stack. If the
Xstack gets larger than this, it will be truncated automatically.
XThis is useful with the \fBAUTO_PUSHD\fP option.
X.TP
X.B fignore (FIGNORE)
XAn array (colon separated list)
Xcontaining the suffixes of files to be ignored
Xduring filename completion.
X.TP
X.B fpath (FPATH)
XAn array (colon separated list)
Xof directories specifying the search path for
Xfunction definitions. This path is searched when a function
Xwith the \-\fBu\fP attribute is referenced. If an executable
Xfile is found, then it is read and executed in the current environment.
X.TP
X.B HISTCHARS
XThree characters used by the shell's history and lexical analysis
Xmechanism. The first character signals the start of a history
Xsubstitution (default `!'). The second character signals the
Xstart of a quick history substitution (default `^'). The third
Xcharacter is the comment character (default `#').
X.TP
X.B HISTFILE
XThe file to save the history in when an interactive shell exits.
XIf unset, the history is not saved.
X.TP
X.B HISTSIZE
XThe maximum size of the history list.
X.TP
X.B HOME
XThe default argument for the \fBcd\fP command.
X.TP
X.B IFS
XInternal field separators, normally space, tab, and newline, that
Xare used to separate command words, words which result from
Xcommand or parameter substitution, and words read by
Xthe \fBread\fP builtin.
X.TP
X.B LINES
XThe number of lines for this terminal session.
XUsed for printing select lists and for the line editor.
X.TP
X.B LISTMAX
XIn the line editor,
Xthe number of filenames to list without asking first.
X.TP
X.B LITHISTSIZE
XThe maximum size of the literal history list (before history expansion).
X.TP
X.B LOGCHECK
XThe interval in seconds between checks for login/logout activity
Xusing the \fBwatch\fP parameter.
X.TP
X.B MAIL
XIf this parameter is set and \fBmailpath\fP is not set,
Xthe shell looks for mail in the specified file.
X.TP
X.B MAILCHECK
XThe interval in seconds between checks for new mail.
X.TP
X.B mailpath (MAILPATH)
XAn array (colon-separated list)
Xof filenames to check for new mail. Each filename can
Xbe followed by a ? and a message that will be printed.
XThe sequence $_ in the message will be replaced by the name
Xof the mail file.
XThe default message is "You have new mail."
X.TP
X.B path (PATH)
XAn array (colon-separated list)
Xof directories to search for commands.
XWhen this parameter is set, each directory is scanned
Xand all files found are put in a hash table.
XIf a component of \fBpath\fP begins with the string "\fB/.\fP",
Xe.g. "\fB/./usr/etc\fP", then that directory is not prescanned.
XThis is useful for directories like /usr/etc which contain
Xonly occasionally-used commands.
X.TP
X.B PROMPT
XThe primary prompt string, printed before a command is read;
Xthe default is "%M%# ".
XThe following escape sequences are recognized:
X.PD
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.RS
X.TP
X.B %d %/
XPresent working directory ($PWD).
X.TP
X.B %~
X$PWD.
XIf it has a named directory as its prefix, that part is replaced
Xby a ~ followed by the name of the directory.
XIf it starts with $HOME, that part is
Xreplaced by a ~.
X.TP
X.B %c %.
XTrailing component of $PWD.
X.TP
X.B ! %h %!
XCurrent history event number
X.TP
X.B %M
XThe full machine hostname.
X.TP
X.B %m
XThe hostname up to the first '.'.
X.TP
X.B %S (%s)
XStart (stop) standout mode.
X.TP
X.B %U (%u)
XStart (stop) underline mode.
X.TP
X.B %B (%b)
XStart (stop) boldface mode.
X.TP
X.B %t
X.TP
X.B %@
XCurrent time of day, in 12-hour, am/pm format.
X.TP
X.B %T
XCurrent time of day, in 24-hour format.
X.TP
X.B %*
XCurrent time of day in 24-hour format, with seconds.
X.TP
X.B %n
X\fB$USERNAME\fP.
X.TP
X.B %w
XThe date in day\-dd format.
X.TP
X.B %W
XThe date in mm/dd/yy format.
X.TP
X.B %D
XThe date in yy\-mm\-dd format.
X.TP
X.B %l
XThe line (tty) the user is logged in on.
X.TP
X.B %?
XThe return code of the last command executed just before the prompt.
X.TP
X.B %#
XA '#' if the shell is running as root, a '%' if not.
X.RE
X.PD
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B PROMPT2
XThe secondary prompt, printed when the shell needs more information
Xto complete a command.
XRecognizes the same escape sequences as \fB$PROMPT\fP.
XThe default is "> ".
X.TP
X.B PROMPT3
XSelection prompt used within a \fBselect\fP loop.
XRecognizes the same escape sequences as \fB$PROMPT\fP.
XThe default is "?# ".
X.TP
X.B PROMPT4
XThe execution trace prompt. Default is "+ ".
X.TP
X.B PS1
X.TP
X.B PS2
X.TP
X.B PS3
X.TP
X.B PS4
XSame as \fBPROMPT\fP, \fBPROMPT2\fP, \fBPROMPT3\fP, and \fBPROMPT4\fP,
Xrespectively.
X.TP
X.B RPROMPT
X.TP
X.B RPS1
XThis prompt is displayed on the right-hand side of the screen
Xwhen the primary prompt is being displayed on the left.
XThis does not work if the \fBSINGLELINEZLE\fP option is set.
XRecognizes the same escape sequences as \fBPROMPT\fP,
Xexcept that termcap sequences like \fB%s\fP, etc. will not work.
X.TP
X.B SAVEHIST
XThe maximum number of history events to save in the history file.
X.TP
X.B TIMEFMT
XThe format of process time reports with the \fBtime\fP keyword.
XThe default is "%E real %U user %S system %P".
XRecognizes the following escape sequences:
X.PD
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.RS
X.TP
X.B %U
XCPU seconds spent in user mode.
X.TP
X.B %S
XCPU seconds spent in kernel mode.
X.TP
X.B %E
XElapsed time in seconds.
X.TP
X.B %P
XThe CPU percentage, computed as (%U+%S)/%E.
X.TP
X.B %W
XNumber of times the process was swapped.
X.TP
X.B %X
XThe average amount in (shared) text space used in Kbytes.
X.TP
X.B %D
XThe average amount in (unshared) data/stack space used in Kbytes.
X.TP
X.B %K
XThe total space used (%X+%D) in Kbytes.
X.TP
X.B %M
XThe maximum memory the process had in use at any time in Kbytes.
X.TP
X.B %F
XThe number of major page faults (page needed to be brought from disk).
X.TP
X.B %R
XThe number of minor page faults.
X.TP
X.B %I
XThe number of input operations.
X.TP
X.B %O
XThe number of output operations.
X.TP
X.B %r
XThe number of socket messages received.
X.TP
X.B %s
XThe number of socket messages sent.
X.TP
X.B %k
XThe number of signals received.
X.TP
X.B %w
XNumber of voluntary context switches (waits).
X.TP
X.B %c
XNumber of involuntary context switches.
X.RE
X.PD
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B TMOUT
XIf this parameter is nonzero, the shell will terminate if a command is not
Xentered within the specified number of seconds after issuing
Xa prompt.
X.TP
X.B watch (WATCH)
XAn array (colon-separated list) of login/logout events to report.
XIf it contains the single word "all", then all login/logout events
Xare reported.
XAn entry in this list may consist of a username,
Xan `@' followed by a remote hostname,
Xand a `%' followed by a line (tty).
XAny or all of these components may be present in an entry;
Xif a login/logout event matches all of them,
Xit is reported.
X.TP
X.B WATCHFMT
XThe format of login/logout reports if the \fBwatch\fP parameter is set.
XDefault is "%n has %a %l from %m."
XRecognizes the following escape sequences:
X.PD
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.RS
X.TP
X.B %n
XThe name of the user that logged in/out.
X.TP
X.B %a
XThe observed action, i.e. "logged on" or "logged off".
X.TP
X.B %l
XThe line (tty) the user is logged in on.
X.TP
X.B %M
XThe full hostname of the remote host.
X.TP
X.B %m
XThe hostname up to the first ".". If only the
Xip address is available or the utmp field contains
Xthe name of an X-windows display, the whole name is printed.
X.TP
X.B %S (%s)
XStart (stop) standout mode.
X.TP
X.B %U (%u)
XStart (stop) underline mode.
X.TP
X.B %B (%b)
XStart (stop) boldface mode.
X.TP
X.B %t
X.TP
X.B %@
XThe time, in 12-hour, am/pm format.
X.TP
X.B %T
XThe time, in 24-hour format.
X.TP
X.B %w
XThe date in day\-dd format.
X.TP
X.B %W
XThe date in mm/dd/yy format.
X.TP
X.B %D
XThe date in yy\-mm\-dd format.
X.RE
X.PD
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B WORDCHARS
XA list of nonalphanumeric characters considered part of a word
Xby the line editor. The default is "*?_\-.[]~=/".
X.PD
X.RE
X.PP
X.SH OPTIONS
XThe following options may be set upon invocation of the shell,
Xor with the \fBset\fP or \fBsetopt\fP builtins:
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X\-\fBa\fP (\fBALLEXPORT\fP)
XAll parameters subsequently defined are automatically exported.
X.TP
X\-\fBe\fP (\fBERREXIT\fP)
XIf a command has a non-zero exit status, execute the \fBERR\fP
Xtrap, if set, and exit.
X.TP
X\-\fBf\fP (\fBNO_RCS\fP)
XDo not source the .zshrc, .zlogin, or .zlogout files.
X.TP
X\-\fBg\fP (\fBHIST_IGNORE_SPACE\fP)
XDo not enter command lines into the history list
Xif they begin with a blank.
X.TP
X\-\fBh\fP (\fBHIST_IGNORE_DUPS\fP)
XDo not enter command lines into the history list
Xif they are duplicates of the previous event.
X.TP
X\-\fBi\fP (\fBINTERACTIVE\fP)
XThis is an interactive shell.
X.TP
X\-\fBj\fP (\fBHISTLIT\fP)
XUse literal (unparsed) versions of the history lines
Xin the editor.
X.TP
X\-\fBk\fP (\fBINTERACTIVE_COMMENTS\fP)
XAllow comments even in interactive shells.
X.TP
X\-\fBl\fP (\fBLOGIN\fP)
XThis is a login shell.
X.TP
X\-\fBm\fP (\fBMONITOR\fP)
XAllow job control. Set by default in interactive shells.
X.TP
X\-\fBn\fP (\fBNOEXEC\fP)
XRead commands and check them for syntax errors, but do not execute them.
X.TP
X\-\fBs\fP (\fBSHINSTDIN\fP)
XRead commands from the standard input.
X.TP
X\-\fBu\fP (\fBNOUNSET\fP)
XTreat unset parameters as an error when substituting.
X.TP
X\-\fBv\fP (\fBVERBOSE\fP)
XPrint shell input lines as they are read.
X.TP
X\-\fBx\fP (\fBXTRACE\fP)
XPrint commands and their arguments as they are executed.
X.TP
X\-\fBy\fP (\fBSH_WORD_SPLIT\fP)
XSee \fIParameter Expansion\fP.
X.TP
X\-\fB1\fP (\fBNO_CLOBBER\fP)
XPrevents \fB>\fP redirection from truncating existing files.
X\fB>!\fP may be used to truncate a file instead.
XAlso prevents \fB>>\fP from creating files.
X\fB>>!\fP may be used instead.
X.TP
X\-\fB2\fP (\fBNO_BAD_PATTERN\fP)
XIf a pattern for filename generation is badly formed,
Xleave it unchanged in the argument list instead of
Xprinting an error.
X.TP
X\-\fB3\fP (\fBNO_NOMATCH\fP)
XIf a pattern for filename generation has no matches,
Xleave it unchanged in the argument list instead of
Xprinting an error.
X.TP
X\-\fB4\fP (\fBGLOB_DOTS\fP)
XDo not require a leading . in a filename to be matched explicitly.
X.TP
X\-\fB5\fP (\fBNOTIFY\fP)
XReport the status of background jobs immediately, rather than
Xwaiting until just before printing a prompt.
X.TP
X\-\fB6\fP (\fBBGNICE\fP)
XRun all background jobs at a lower priority. This option
Xis set by default.
X.TP
X\-\fB7\fP (\fBIGNOREEOF\fP)
XDo not exit on end-of-file. Require the use
Xof \fBexit\fP or \fBlogout\fP instead.
X.TP
X\-\fB8\fP (\fBMARKDIRS\fP)
XAppend a trailing / to all directory
Xnames resulting from filename generation.
X.TP
X\-\fB9\fP (\fBAUTOLIST\fP)
XAutomatically list choices on an ambiguous completion.
X.TP
X\-\fB0\fP (\fBCORRECT\fP)
XTry to correct the spelling of commands.
X.TP
X\-\fBB\fP (\fBNOBEEP\fP)
XDo not beep.
X.TP
X\-\fBC\fP (\fBPRINT_EXIT_VALUE\fP)
XPrint the exit value of programs with non-zero exit status.
X.TP
X\-\fBD\fP (\fBPUSHD_TO_HOME\fP)
XHave \fBpushd\fP with no arguments act like
X\fBpushd\fP $HOME.
X.TP
X\-\fBE\fP (\fBPUSHD_SILENT\fP)
XDo not print the directory stack after \fBpushd\fP
Xor \fBpopd\fP.
X.TP
X\-\fBF\fP (\fBNOGLOB\fP)
XDisable filename generation.
X.TP
X\-\fBG\fP (\fBNULLGLOB\fP)
XIf a pattern for filename generation has no matches,
Xdelete the pattern from the argument list instead
Xof reporting an error. Overrides \fBNONOMATCH\fP.
X.TP
X\-\fBH\fP (\fBRMSTARSILENT\fP)
XDo not query the user before executing "rm *".
X.TP
X\-\fBI\fP (\fBIGNORE_BRACES\fP)
XDo not perform brace expansion.
X.TP
X\-\fBJ\fP (\fBAUTO_CD\fP)
XIf a command is not in the hash table, and there exists an
Xexecutable directory by that name, perform the \fBcd\fP
Xcommand to that directory.
X.TP
X\-\fBK\fP (\fBNO_BANG_HIST\fP)
XDo not perform textual history substitution. Do not
Xtreat the ! character specially.
X.TP
X\-\fBL\fP (\fBSUN_KEYBOARD_HACK\fP)
XIf a line ends with a backquote, and there are an odd number
Xof backquotes on the line, ignore the trailing backquote.
XThis is useful on some keyboards where the return key is
Xtoo small, and the backquote key lies annoyingly close to it.
X.TP
X\-\fBM\fP (\fBSINGLE_LINE_ZLE\fP)
XUse single-line command line editing instead of multi-line.
X.TP
X\-\fBN\fP (\fBAUTO_PUSHD\fP)
XMake \fBcd\fP act like \fBpushd\fP.
X.TP
X\-\fBO\fP (\fBCORRECT_ALL\fP)
XTry to correct the spelling of all arguments in a line.
X.TP
X\-\fBP\fP (\fBRC_EXPAND_PARAM\fP)
XSee \fIParameter Expansion\fP.
X.TP
X\-\fBQ\fP (\fBPATH_DIRS\fP)
XPerform a path search even on command names with slahses in them.
XThus if "/usr/local/bin" is in the user's path, and he types
X"X11/xinit", the command "/usr/local/bin/X11/xinit" will be executed
X(assuming it exists).
X.TP
X\-\fBR\fP (\fBLONG_LIST_JOBS\fP)
XList jobs in the long format by default.
X.TP
X\-\fBS\fP (\fBRECEXACT\fP)
XIn completion, recognize exact matches even
Xif they are ambiguous.
X.TP
X\-\fBT\fP (\fBCDABLEVARS\fP)
XIf the argument to a \fBcd\fP command is not a directory,
Xbut a parameter exists by the same name whose value
Xbegins with a /, try to change to the directory
Xspecified by the parameter's value.
X.TP
X\-\fBU\fP (\fBMAIL_WARNING\fP)
XPrint a warning message if a mail file has been
Xaccessed since the shell last checked.
X.TP
X\-\fBW\fP (\fBAUTO_RESUME\fP)
XTreat single word simple commands without redirection
Xas candidates for resumption of an existing job.
X.TP
X\-\fBX\fP (\fBLIST_TYPES\fP)
XWhen listing files possible completions, show the
Xtype of each file with a trailing identifying mark.
X.TP
X\-\fBY\fP (\fBMENU_COMPLETE\fP)
XOn an ambiguous completion, instead of listing possibilities,
Xinsert the first match. Then when completion is requested
Xagain, remove the first match and insert the second match, etc.
XWhen there are no more matches, go back to the first one again.
X\fBreverse-menu-complete\fP may be used to loop through the list
Xin the other direction.
X.TP
X\-\fBZ\fP (\fBUSE_ZLE\fP)
XUse the zsh line editor.
X.RE
X.PD
X.SH "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
X.TP
X\fB\&.\fP \fIfile\fP [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XRead and execute commands from \fIfile\fP in the current shell
Xenvironment.
XIf \fIfile\fP does not contain a slash, the shell
Xlooks in the components of \fBpath\fP to find the directory
Xcontaining \fIfile\fP.
XIf any arguments \fIarg\fP are given,
Xthey become the positional parameters; the old positional
Xparameters are restored when the \fIfile\fP is done executing.
XThe exit status is the exit status of the last command executed.
X.TP
X\fB:\fP \fIfile\fP [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XThis command only expands parameters. A zero exit code is returned.
X.TP
X\fBalias\fP [ \-\fBg\fP ] [ \fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ] ...
XWith no arguments, print the list of aliases in the form
X\fIname\fP=\fBvalue\fP on the standard output.
XFor each \fIname\fP with a corresponding \fIvalue\fP, define an alias
Xwith that value.
XA trailing space in \fIvalue\fP causes the next
Xword to be checked for alias substitution.
XIf the \-\fBg\fP flag is present, define a global alias; global aliases
Xare expanded even if they do not occur in command position.
XFor each \fIname\fP with no \fIvalue\fP, print the value of \fIname\fP,
Xif any.
XThe exit status is nonzero if a \fIname\fP (with no \fIvalue\fP)
Xgiven for which no alias has been defined.
X.TP
X\fBautoload\fP [ \fIname\fP ... ]
XFor each of the \fIname\fPs (which are names of functions),
Xcreate a function marked undefined.
XThe \fBfpath\fP variable will be searched to find the
Xactual function definition when the function is first referenced.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBbg\fP [ \fIjob\fP ... ]
X.TP
X\fIjob\fP ... \fB&\fP
X.PD
XPut each specified \fIjob\fP in the background,
Xor the current job if none is specified.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBbindkey\fP \-\fBevd
X.TP
X\fBbindkey\fP \-\fBr\fP \fIin-string\fP ...
X.TP
X\fBbindkey\fP [ \-\fBa\fP ] \fIin-string\fP [ \fIcommand\fP ] ...
X.TP
X\fBbindkey\fP \-\fBs\fP [ \-\fBa\fP ] \fIin-string\fP \fIout-string\fP ...
X.PD
XIf one of the \-\fBe\fP, \-\fBv\fP, or \-\fBd\fP options is given,
Xreset the keymaps for emacs mode, vi mode, or the default mode,
Xrespectively.
XIf the \-\fBr\fP option is given, remove any binding for each \fIin-string\fP.
XIf the \-\fBs\fP option is not specified, bind each \fIin-string\fP
Xto a specified \fIcommand\fP. If no \fIcommand\fP is specified,
Xprint the binding of \fIin-string\fP if it is bound, or return
Xa nonzero exit code if it is not bound.
XIf the \-\fBs\fP option is specified, bind each \fIin-string\fP
Xto each specified \fIout-string\fP. When \fIin-string\fP is typed,
X\fIout-string\fP will be pushed back and treated as input to the
Xline editor.
XIf the \-\fBa\fP option is specified, bind the \fIin-string\fPs in the
Xalternative keymap instead of the standard one. The alternative
Xkeymap is used in vi command mode.
X.RS
X.PP
XFor either \fIin-string\fP or \fIout-string\fP, control characters
Xmay be specified in the form \fB^X\fP, and the backslash may
Xbe used to introduce one of the following escape sequences:
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B \ea
Xbell character
X.TP
X.B \en
Xlinefeed (newline)
X.TP
X.B \eb
Xbackspace
X.TP
X.B \et
Xhorizontal tab
X.TP
X.B \ev
Xvertical tab
X.TP
X.B \ef
Xform feed
X.TP
X.B \er
Xcarriage return
X.TP
X.B \ee
Xescape
X.TP
X.B \ennn
Xcharacter code in octal
X.TP
X.B \eM\-xxx
Xcharacter or escape sequence with meta bit set
X.PD
X.PP
X.RE
XIn all other cases, \e escapes the following character. Delete is
Xwritten as `\fB^?\fP'.
X.RE
X.TP
X\fBbreak\fP [ \fIn\fP ]
XExit from an enclosing \fBfor\fP, \fBwhile\fP,
X\fBuntil\fP, \fBselect\fP, or \fBrepeat\fP loop. If \fIn\fP
Xis specified, then break \fIn\fP levels instead of just one.
X.TP
X\fBbye\fP
XSame as \fBexit\fP.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBcd\fP [ \fIarg\fP ]
X.TP
X\fBcd\fP \fIold\fP \fInew\fP
X.TP
X\fBcd\fP \(+-\fBn\fP
X.PD
XChange the current directory. In the first form, change the
Xcurrent directory to \fIarg\fP, or to the value of \fBHOME\fP if
X\fIarg\fP is not specified. If \fIarg\fP is \-, change to the
Xvalue of \fBOLDPWD\fP, the previous directory.
XIf a directory named \fIarg\fP is not found in the current directory
Xand \fIarg\fP does not contain a slash,
Xsearch each component of the shell parameter \fBcdpath\fP.
XIf the option \fBCDABLEVARS\fP is set, and a parameter named \fIarg\fP
Xexists whose value begins with a slash, treat its value as
Xthe directory.
X.RS
X.PP
XThe second form of \fBcd\fP substitutes the string \fInew\fP
Xfor the string \fIold\fP in the name of the current directory,
Xand tries to change to this new directory.
X.PP
XThe third form of \fBcd\fP is equivalent to \fBpopd\fP.
X.RE
X.TP
X\fBchdir\fP
XSame as \fBcd\fP.
X.TP
X\fBcontinue\fP [ \fInum\fP ]
XResume the next iteration of the enclosing
X\fBfor\fP, \fBwhile\fP, \fBuntil\fP, \fBselect\fP, or
X\fBrepeat\fP loop. If \fIn\fP is specified, break out of
X\fIn\fP \- 1 loops and resume at the \fIn\fPth enclosing loop.
X.TP
X\fBdeclare\fP [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XSame as \fBtypeset\fP.
X.TP
X\fBdirs\fP [ \-\fBv\fP ] [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XWith no arguments, print the contents of the directory stack.
XIf the \-\fBv\fP option is given, number the directories
Xin the stack when printing.
XDirectories are added to this stack with the \fBpushd\fP command,
Xand removed with the \fBcd\fP or \fBpopd\fP commands.
XIf arguments are specified, load them onto the directory stack,
Xreplacing anything that was there, and push the current directory
Xonto the stack.
X.TP
X\fBdisable\fP \fIarg\fP ...
XDisable the builtin \fIarg\fP temporarily. This allows you to use
Xan external command with the same name as a shell builtin.
XActually the same as \fBunhash\fP.
XBuiltins can be enabled with the \fBenable\fP command.
X.TP
X\fBdisown\fP \fIjob\fP ...
XRemove the specified jobs from the job table; the shell will
Xno longer report their status, and will not complain if you
Xtry to exit an interactive shell with them running or stopped.
X.TP
X\fBecho\fP [ \-\fBn\fP ] [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XWrite each \fIarg\fP on the standard output, with a space separating
Xeach one.
XIf the \-\fBn\fP flag is not present, print a newline at the end.
X\fBecho\fP recognizes the following escape sequences:
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B \eb
Xbackspace
X.TP
X.B \ec
Xdon't print an ending newline
X.TP
X.B \ef
Xform feed
X.TP
X.B \en
Xnewline
X.TP
X.B \er
Xcarriage return
X.TP
X.B \et
Xhorizontal tab
X.TP
X.B \ev
Xvertical tab
X.TP
X.B \e\e
Xbackslash
X.TP
X.B \exxx
Xcharacter code in octal
X.PD
X.RE
X.TP
X\fBechotc\fP \fIcap\fP [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XOutput the termcap string corresponding to the capability
X\fIcap\fP, with optional arguments.
X.TP
X\fBenable\fP \fIarg\fP ...
XEnable the specified builtin commands, presumably disabled earlier
Xwith \fBdisable\fP.
X.TP
X\fBeval\fP [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XRead the arguments as input to the shell and execute the resulting
Xcommand(s) in the current shell process.
X.TP
X\fBexit\fP [ \fIn\fP ]
XExit the shell with the exit code specified by \fIn\fP; if none
Xis specified, use the exit code from the last command executed.
XAn EOF condition will also cause the shell to exit, unless
Xthe \fBIGNOREEOF\fP option is set.
X.TP
X\fBexport\fP [ \fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ... ]
XThe specified \fIname\fPs are marked for automatic export
Xto the environment of subsequently executed commands.
X.TP
X\fBfalse\fP
XDo nothing and return an exit code of 1.
X.TP
X\fBfc\fP [ \-\fBe\fP \fIename\fP ] [ \-\fBnlr\fP ] [ \fIold\fP=\fInew\fP ... ] [ \fIfirst\fP [ \fIlast\fP ] ]
XSelect a range of commands from \fIfirst\fP to \fIlast\fP from the
Xhistory list.
XThe arguments \fIfirst\fP and \fIlast\fP may be specified as a
Xnumber or as a string. A negative number is used as an offset
Xto the current history event number.
XA string specifies the most recent event
Xbeginning with the given string.
XAll substitutions \fIold\fP=\fInew\fP, if any, are then performed
Xon the commands.
XIf the \-\fBl\fP flag is given, the resulting commands are listed on
Xstandard output.
XOtherwise the editor program \fIename\fP is invoked on a file containing
Xthese history events. If \fIename\fP is not given, the value
Xof the parameter \fBFCEDIT\fP is used. If \fIename\fP is "\-",
Xno editor is invoked. When editing is complete, the edited
Xcommand(s) is executed.
XIf \fIfirst\fP is not specified, it will be set to \-1 (the most recent
Xevent), or to -16 if the \-\fBl\fP flag is given.
XIf \fIlast\fP is not specified, it will be set to \fIfirst\fP,
Xor to \-1 if the \-\fBl\fP flag is given.
XThe flag \-\fBr\fP reverses the order of the commands and the
Xflag \-\fBn\fP suppresses command numbers when listing.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBfg\fP [ \fIjob\fP ... ]
X.TP
X\fIjob\fP ...
X.PD
XBring the specfied \fIjob\fPs to the foreground.
XIf no \fIjob\fP is specified, use the current job.
X.TP
X\fBfunctions\fP [ \(+-\fBtu\fP ] [ \fIname\fP ... ]
XEquivalent to \fBtypeset\fP \-\fBf\fP.
X.TP
X\fBgetln\fP \fIname\fP ...
XRead the top value from the buffer stack and put it in
Xthe shell parameter \fIname\fP. Equivalent to
X\fBread\fP \-\fBzr\fP.
X.TP
X\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XChecks \fBarg\fP for legal options. If \fIarg\fP is omitted,
Xuse the positional parameters. A valid option argument
Xbegins with a + or a \-. An argument not beginning with
Xa + or a \-, or the argument \-\-, ends the options.
X\fIoptstring\fP contains the letters that \fBgetopts\fP
Xrecognizes. If a letter is followed by a `:', that option
Xis expected to have an argument. The options can be
Xseparated from the argument by blanks.
X.RS
X.PP
XEach time it is invoked, \fBgetopts\fP places the option letter it finds
Xin the shell parameter \fIname\fP, prepended with a + when
X\fIarg\fP begins with a +. The index of the next \fIarg\fP
Xis stored in \fBOPTIND\fP. The option argument, if any,
Xis stored in \fBOPTARG\fP.
X.PP
XA leading : in \fIoptstring\fP causes \fBgetopts\fP to store the
Xletter of the invalid option in \fBOPTARG\fP, and to set \fIname\fP
Xto `?' for an unknown option and to `:' when a required option
Xis missing. Otherwise, \fBgetopts\fP prints an error
Xmessage. The exit status is nonzero when there are no more options.
X.RE
X.TP
X\fBhash\fP \fIname\fP \fIpath\fP
XPuts \fIname\fP in the command hash table, associating it with
Xthe pathname \fIpath\fP. Whenever \fIname\fP is used as a command
Xargument, the shell will try to execute the file given by \fIpath\fP.
X.TP
X\fBhistory\fP [ \-\fBnr\fP ] [ \fIfirst\fP [ \fIlast\fP ] ]
XSame as \fBfc\fP \-\fBl\fP.
X.TP
X\fBinteger\fP
XSame as \fBtypeset\fP \-\fBi\fP.
X.TP
X\fBjobs\fP [ \-\fBlp\fP ] [ \fIjob\fP ... ]
XLists information about each given job, or all jobs
Xif \fIjob\fP is omitted. The \-\fBl\fP flag lists process
Xids, and the \-\fBp\fP flag lists process groups.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBkill\fP [ \-\fIsig\fP ] \fIjob\fP ...
X.TP
X\fBkill\fP \-\fBl\fP
X.PD
XSends either SIGTERM or the specified signal to the given
Xjobs or processes.
XSignals are given by number or by names
X(with the prefix "SIG" removed).
XIf the signal being sent is not KILL or CONT, then the job
Xwill be sent a CONT signal if it is stopped.
XThe argument \fIjob\fP can be the process id of a job
Xnot in the job list.
XIn the second form, \fBkill\fP \-\fBl\fP, the signal names
Xare listed.
X.TP
X\fBlet\fP \fIarg\fP ...
XEvaluate each \fIarg\fP as an arithmetic expression.
XSee \fBARITHMETIC EVALUATION\fP above for a description
Xof arithmetic expressions. The exit status is 0 if the
Xvalue of the last expression is nonzero, and 1 otherwise.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBlimit\fP [ \-\fBh\fP ] [ \fIresource\fP [ \fIlimit\fP ] ] ...
X.TP
X\fBlimit\fP \-\fBs\fP
X.PD
XLimit the resource consumption of children of the current shell.
XIf \fIlimit\fP is not specified, print the current limit placed
Xon \fIresource\fP; otherwise
Xset the limit to the specified value. If the \-\fBh\fP flag
Xis given, use hard limits instead of soft limits.
XIf no \fIresource\fP is given, print all limits.
X.RS
X.PP
X\fIresource\fP is one of:
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.TP
X.B cputime
XMaximum CPU seconds per process.
X.TP
X.B filesize
XLargest single file allowed.
X.TP
X.B datasize
XMaximum data size (including stack) for each process.
X.TP
X.B stacksize
XMaximum stack size for each process.
X.TP
X.B coredumpsize
XMaximum size of a core dump.
X.TP
X.B resident
XMaximum resident set size.
X.TP
X.B descriptors
XMaximum value for a file descriptor.
X.PD
X.PP
X\fIlimit\fP is a number, with an optional scaling factor, as follows:
X.PP
X.PD 0
X.TP
X\fIn\fPh
Xhours.
X.TP
X\fIn\fPk
Xkilobytes.
XThis is the default for all but cputime.
X.TP
X\fIn\fPm
Xmegabytes or minutes.
X.TP
X\fImm\fP:\fBss\fP
Xminutes and seconds.
X.PD
X.RE
X.TP
X\fBlocal\fP
XSame as \fBtypeset\fP.
X.TP
X\fBlog\fP
XList all users currently logged in who are affected by
Xthe current setting of the \fBwatch\fP parameter.
X.TP
X\fBlogout\fP
XExit the shell, if this is a login shell.
X.TP
X\fBpopd\fP [ \(+-\fIn\fP ]
XRemoves entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
Xremoves the top directory from the stack, and performs a \fBcd\fP
Xto the new top directory. With an argument of the form +\fIn\fP,
Xremove the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list
Xshown by the \fBdirs\fP command, starting with zero, and change
Xto that directory. With an argument of the form \-\fIn\fP,
Xremove the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right.
X.TP
X\fBprint\fP [ \-\fBRnrslz0\fP ] [ \fIarg\fP ... ]
XWith no flags or with flag \-, the arguments are printed on
Xthe standard output as described by \fBecho\fP. With the
X\-\fBR\fP or \-\fBr\fP flag, the escape conventions of \fBecho\fP
Xare ignored. The \-\fBR\fP option will print all subsequent
Xarguments and options. The \-\fBs\fP option causes the results
Xto be placed in the history list instead of on the standard output.
XIf the \-\fBn\fP flag is given, no newline is added to the output.
XWith the \-\fBl\fP flag, the arguments are printed separated
Xby newlines instead of spaces.
XWith the \-\fB0\fP flag, the arguments are separated and terminated
Xby nulls.
XWith the \-\fBz\fP flag, the arguments are pushed onto the editing buffer
Xstack, separated by spaces; no escape sequences are recognized.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBpushd\fP [ \fIarg\fP ]
X.TP
X\fBpushd\fP \fIold\fP \fInew\fP
X.TP
X\fBpushd\fP \(+-\fBn\fP
X.PD
XChange the current directory, and push the old current directory
Xonto the directory stack. In the first form, change the
Xcurrent directory to \fIarg\fP.
XIf \fIarg\fP is not specified, change to the second directory
Xon the stack (that is, exchange the top two entries), or
Xchange to the value of \fBHOME\fP if the \fBPUSHD_TO_HOME\fP
Xoption is set or if there is only one entry on the stack.
XIf \fIarg\fP is \-, change to the
Xvalue of \fBOLDPWD\fP, the previous directory.
XIf a directory named \fIarg\fP is not found in the current directory
Xand \fIarg\fP does not contain a slash,
Xsearch each component of the shell parameter \fBcdpath\fP.
XIf the option \fBCDABLEVARS\fP is set, and a parameter named \fIarg\fP
Xexists whose value begins with a slash, treat its value as
Xthe directory.
XIf the option \fBPUSHD_SILENT\fP is not set, the directory
Xstack will be printed after a \fBpushd\fP is performed.
X.RS
X.PP
XThe second form of \fBpushd\fP substitutes the string \fInew\fP
Xfor the string \fIold\fP in the name of the current directory,
Xand tries to change to this new directory.
X.PP
XThe third form of \fBpushd\fP is equivalent to \fBpopd\fP.
X.RE
X.TP
X\fBpwd\fP
XEquivalent to \fBprint \-R $PWD\fP.
X.TP
X\fBr\fP
XEquivalent to \fBfc \-e \-\fP.
X.TP
X\fBread\fP [ \-\fBr\fP ] [ \fIname\fP?\fIprompt\fP ] [ \fIname\fP ... ]
XRead one line and break it into fields using the characters
Xin \fBIFS\fP as separators. In raw mode, \-\fBr\fP, a \e
Xat the end of a line does not signify line continuation.
XThe first field is assigned to the first \fIname\fP, the second field
Xto the second \fIname\fP, etc., with leftover
Xfields assigned to the last \fIname\fP.
XIf \fIname\fP is omitted then \fBREPLY\fP is used.
XThe exit status is 0 unless end-of-file is encountered.
XIf the first argument contains a \fB?\fP, the remainder of this
Xword is used as a \fIprompt\fP on standard error when the shell
Xis interactive. The exit status is 0 unless an end-of-file
Xis encountered.
X.TP
X\fBreadonly\fP [ \fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ] ...
XThe given \fInames\fP are marked readonly; these names
Xcannot be changed by subsequent assignment.
X.TP
X\fBrehash\fP
XRescan the command path, rebuilding the hash table of commands.
X.TP
X\fBreturn\fP [ \fIn\fP ]
XCauses a shell function or \fB\&.\fP script to return to
Xthe invoking script
Xwith the return status specified by \fIn\fP. If \fIn\fP
Xis omitted then the return status is that of the last command
Xexecuted.
X.TP
X.PD 0
X\fBsched\fP [+]\fIhh\fP:\fImm\fP \fIcommand\fP ...
X.TP
X\fBsched\fP [ \-\fIitem\fP ]
X.PD
XMake an entry in the scheduled list of commands to execute.
XThe time may be specified in either absolute or relative time.
XWith no arguments, prints the list of scheduled commands.
XWith the argument \-\fIitem\fP, removes the given item
Xfrom the list.
X.TP
X\fBset\fP [ \(+-\fIoptions\fP ] [ \(+-\fBo\fP \fIoption name\fP ] ... [ \-\fBA\fP \fIname\fP ] [ \fIarg\fP ] ...
XSet the options for the shell and/or set the positional parameters, or
Xdeclare an array. For the meaning of the flags, see
X\fBOPTIONS\fP above.
XFlags may be specified by name using the \-\fBo\fP option.
XIf the \-\fBA\fP flag is specified, \fIname\fP is set to an
Xarray containing the given \fIarg\fPs.
XOtherwise the positional parameters are set.
XIf no arguments are given, then the names and values
Xof all parameters are printed on the standard output.
XIf the only argument is +, the names of all parameters are printed.
X.TP
X\fBsetopt\fP [ \(+-\fIoptions\fP ] [ \fIname\fP ... ]
XSet the options for the shell. All options specified either
Xwith flags or by name are set. If no arguments are supplied,
Xthe names of all options currently set are printed.
XIn option names, case is insignificant, and all underscore
Xcharacters are ignored.
X.TP
X\fBshift\fP [ \fIn\fP ]
XThe positional parameters from $\fIn\fP+\fB1\fP ... are renamed
X$\fB1\fP, where \fIn\fP is an arithmetic expression that
Xdefaults to 1.
X.TP
X\fBsource\fP
XSame as \fB.\fP.
X.TP
X\fBsuspend\fP [ \-\fBf\fP ]
XSuspend the execution of the shell (send it a \fBSIGTSTP\fP)
Xuntil it receives a \fBSIGCONT\fP.
XIf the \-\fBf\fP option is not given, complain if this is a login shell.
X.TP
X\fBtimes\fP
XPrint the accumulated user and system times for the shell
Xand for processes run from the shell.
X.TP
X\fBtrap\fP [ \fIarg\fP ] [ \fIsig\fP ] ...
X\fIarg\fP is a command to be read and executed when the shell
Xreceives \fIsig\fP. Each \fIsig\fP can be given as a number
Xor as the name of a signal.
XIf \fIarg\fP is \-, then all traps \fIsig\fP are reset to their
Xdefault values. If \fIarg\fP is the null string, then this signal
Xis ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
XIf \fIsig\fP is \fBERR\fP then \fIarg\fP will be executed
Xafter each command.
XIf \fIsig\fP is \fB0\fP or \fBEXIT\fP
Xand the \fBtrap\fP statement is executed inside the body of a function,
Xthen the command \fIarg\fP is executed after the function completes.
XIf \fIsig\fP is \fB0\fP or \fBEXIT\fP
Xand the \fBtrap\fP statement is not executed inside the body of a function,
Xthen the command \fIarg\fP is executed when the shell terminates.
XThe \fBtrap\fP command with no arguments prints a list of commands
Xassociated with each signal.
X.TP
X\fBtrue\fP
XDo nothing and return an exit code of 0.
X.TP
X\fBtype\fP
XSame as \fBwhence\fP \-\fBv\fP.
X.TP
X\fBtypeset\fP [ \(+-\fBLRZfilrtux [\fIn\fP]] [ \fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ] ...
XSet attributes and values for shell parameters.
XWhen invoked inside a function, if \fIname\fP is not already
Xdefined, a new parameter is created which will be unset when the
Xfunction completes.
XThe following attributes are valid:
X.RS
X.PD 0
X.TP
X\-\fBL\fP
XLeft justify and remove leading blanks from \fIvalue\fP.
XIf \fIn\fP is nonzero, it defines the width of the field;
Xotherwise it is determined by the width of the value of the first
Xassignment.
XWhen the parameter is printed, it is filled on the right with
Xblanks or truncated if necessary to fit the field.
XLeading zeros are removed if the \-\fBZ\fP flag is also set.
X.TP
X\-\fBR\fP
XRight justify and fill with leading blanks. If \fIn\fP is nonzero
Xif defines the width of the field;
Xotherwise it is determined by the width of the value of the first
Xassignment.
XWhen the parameter is printed, the field is left filled with
Xblanks or truncated from the end.
X.TP
X\-\fBZ\fP
XRight justify and fill with leading zeros if the first non-blank
Xcharacter is a digit and the \-\fBL\fP flag has not been set.
XIf \fIn\fP is nonzero it defines the width of the field;
Xotherwise it is determined by the width of the value of the
Xfirst assignment.
X.TP
X\-\fBf\fP
XThe names refer to functions rather than parameters. No assignments
Xcan be made, and the only other valid flags are \-\fBt\fP
SHAR_EOF
true || echo 'restore of zsh2.00/src/zsh.1 failed'
fi
echo 'End of zsh2.00.00 part 14'
echo 'File zsh2.00/src/zsh.1 is continued in part 15'
echo 15 > _shar_seq_.tmp
exit 0
--
Paul Falstad pfalstad@phoenix.princeton.edu
And on the roads, too, vicious gangs of KEEP LEFT signs!
If Princeton knew my opinions, they'd have expelled me long ago.
exit 0 # Just in case...
--
Kent Landfield INTERNET: kent@sparky.IMD.Sterling.COM
Sterling Software, IMD UUCP: uunet!sparky!kent
Phone: (402) 291-8300 FAX: (402) 291-4362
Please send comp.sources.misc-related mail to kent@uunet.uu.net.