dvadura@watdragon.waterloo.edu (Dennis Vadura) (06/30/91)
Submitted-by: Dennis Vadura <dvadura@watdragon.waterloo.edu>
Posting-number: Volume 20, Issue 79
Archive-name: dmake/patch02d
Patch-To: dmake: Volume 19, Issue 22-58
#!/bin/sh
# this is dp2.03 (part 3 of a multipart archive)
# do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
# file dm37p2 continued
#
if test ! -r _shar_seq_.tmp; then
echo 'Please unpack part 1 first!'
exit 1
fi
(read Scheck
if test "$Scheck" != 3; then
echo Please unpack part "$Scheck" next!
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
) < _shar_seq_.tmp || exit 1
if test ! -f _shar_wnt_.tmp; then
echo 'x - still skipping dm37p2'
else
echo 'x - continuing file dm37p2'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> 'dm37p2' &&
XX ddmmaakkee defines a number of special macros. They are divided
XX into three classes: control macros, run-time macros, and
XX function macros. The control macros are used by ddmmaakkee to
XX configure its actions, and are the preferred method of doing
XX so. In the case when a control macro has the same function
XX as a special target or attribute they share the same name as
XX the special target or attribute. The run-time macros are
XX defined when ddmmaakkee makes targets and may be used by the user
XX inside recipes. The function macros provide higher level
XX functions dealing with macro expansion and diversion file
XX processing.
XX
XCCOONNTTRROOLL MMAACCRROOSS
XX To use the control macros simply assign them a value just
XX like any other macro. The control macros are divided into
XX three groups: string valued macros, character valued macros,
XX and boolean valued macros.
XX
XX The following are all of the string valued macros. This
XX list is divided into two groups. The first group gives the
XX string valued macros that are defined internally and cannot
XX be directly set by the user.
XX
XX DDIIRRBBRRKKSSTTRR Contains the string of chars used to terminate
XX the name of a directory in a pathname. Under
XX UNIX its value is "/", under MSDOS its value
XX is "/\:".
XX
XX IINNCCDDEEPPTTHH This macro's value is a string of digits
XX representing the current depth of makefile
XX inclusion. In the first makefile level this
XX value is zero.
XX
XX MMFFLLAAGGSS Is the list of flags that were given on the
XX command line including a leading switch char-
XX acter. The -f flag is not included in this
XX list.
XX
XX MMAAKKEECCMMDD Is the name with which ddmmaakkee was invoked.
XX
XX MMAAKKEEDDIIRR Is the full path to the initial directory in
XX which ddmmaakkee was invoked.
XX
XX MMAAKKEEFFIILLEE Contains the string "-f _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e" where,
XX _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e is the name of initial user makefile
XX that was first read.
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 25
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX MMAAKKEEFFLLAAGGSS Is the same as $(MFLAGS) but has no leading
XX switch character. (ie. MFLAGS = -$(MAKEFLAGS))
XX
XX MMAAKKEEMMAACCRROOSS Contains the complete list of macro expres-
XX sions that were specified on the command line.
XX
XX MMAAKKEETTAARRGGEETTSS Contains the name(s) of the target(s), if any,
XX that were specified on the command line.
XX
XX MMAAXXPPRROOCCEESSSSLLIIMMIITT
XX Is a numeric string representing the maximum
XX number of processes that ddmmaakkee can use when
XX making targets using parallel mode.
XX
XX NNUULLLL Is permanently defined to be the NULL string.
XX This is useful when comparing a conditional
XX expression to an NULL value.
XX
XX PPWWDD Is the full path to the current directory in
XX which make is executing.
XX
XX TTMMPPFFIILLEE Is set to the name of the most recent tem-
XX porary file opened by ddmmaakkee. Temporary files
XX are used for text diversions and for group
XX recipe processing.
XX
XX TTMMDD Stands for "To Make Dir", and is the path from
XX the present directory (value of $(PWD)) to the
XX directory that ddmmaakkee was started up in (value
XX of $(MAKEDIR)). This macro is modified when
XX .SETDIR attributes are processed.
XX
XX UUSSEESSHHEELLLL The value of this macro is set to "yes" if the
XX current recipe is forced to use a shell for
XX its execution via the .USESHELL or '+' direc-
XX tives, its value is "no" otherwise.
XX
XX
XX The second group of string valued macros control ddmmaakkee
XX behavior and may be set by the user.
XX
XX ..NNOOTTAABBSS When set to non-NULL enables the use of
XX spaces as well as <tabs> to begin recipe
XX lines. By default a non-group recipe is
XX terminated by a line without any leading
XX white-space or by a line not beggining with
XX a <tab> character. Enabling this mode modi-
XX fies the first condition of the above termi-
XX nation rule to terminate a non-group recipe
XX with a line that contains only white-space.
XX This mode does not effect the parsing of
XX group recipes bracketed by [].
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 26
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX ..SSEETTDDIIRR If this macro is assigned a value then ddmmaakkee
XX will change to the directory given by that
XX value before making any targets.
XX
XX AAUUGGMMAAKKEE If set to a non NULL value will enable the
XX transformation of special meta targets to
XX support special AUGMAKE inferences (See the
XX COMPATIBILITY section).
XX
XX DDIIRRSSEEPPSSTTRR Contains the string that is used to separate
XX directory components when path names are
XX constructed. It is defined with a default
XX value at startup.
XX
XX DDIIVVFFIILLEE Is defined in the startup file and gives the
XX name that should be returned for the diver-
XX sion file name when used in $(mktmp ...)
XX expansions, see the TEXT DIVERSION section
XX for details.
XX
XX ..KKEEEEPP__SSTTAATTEE Assigning this macro a value tells ddmmaakkee the
XX name of the state file to use and turns on
XX the keeping of state information for any
XX targets that are brought up to date by the
XX make.
XX
XX GGRROOUUPPFFLLAAGGSS This macro gives the set of flags to pass to
XX the shell when invoking it to execute a
XX group recipe. The value of the macro is the
XX list of flags with a leading switch indica-
XX tor. (ie. `-' under UNIX)
XX
XX GGRROOUUPPSSHHEELLLL This macro defines the full path to the exe-
XX cutable image to be used as the shell when
XX processing group recipes. This macro must
XX be defined if group recipes are used. It is
XX assigned a default value in the startup
XX makefile. Under UNIX this value is /bin/sh.
XX
XX GGRROOUUPPSSUUFFFFIIXX If defined, this macro gives the string to
XX use as a suffix when creating group recipe
XX files to be handed to the command inter-
XX preter. For example, if it is defined as
XX .sh, then all temporary files created by
XX ddmmaakkee will end in the suffix .sh. Under
XX MSDOS if you are using command.com as your
XX GROUPSHELL, then this suffix must be set to
XX .bat in order for group recipes to function
XX correctly. The setting of GROUPSUFFIX and
XX GROUPSHELL is done automatically for
XX command.com in the startup.mk files.
XX
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 27
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX MMAAKKEE Is defined in the startup file by default.
XX The string $(MAKE) is recognized when using
XX the -n option for single line recipes. Ini-
XX tially this macro is defined to have the
XX value "$(MAKECMD) $(MFLAGS)".
XX
XX MMAAKKEESSTTAARRTTUUPP This macro defines the full path to the ini-
XX tial startup makefile. Use the --VV command
XX line option to discover its initial value.
XX
XX MMAAXXLLIINNEELLEENNGGTTHH This macro defines the maximum size of a
XX single line of makefile input text. The
XX size is specified as a number, the default
XX value is defined internally and is shown via
XX the --VV option. A buffer of this size plus 2
XX is allocated for reading makefile text. The
XX buffer is freed before any targets are made,
XX thereby allowing files containing long input
XX lines to be processed without consuming
XX memory during the actual make.
XX
XX MMAAXXPPRROOCCEESSSS Specify the maximum number of child
XX processes to use when making targets. The
XX default value of this macro is "1" and its
XX value cannot exceed the value of the macro
XX MAXPROCESSLIMIT. Setting the value of MAX-
XX PROCESS on the command line or in the
XX makefile is equivalent to supplying a
XX corresponding value to the -P flag on the
XX command line.
XX
XX PPRREEPP This macro defines the number of iterations
XX to be expanded automatically when processing
XX % rule definitions of the form:
XX
XX % : %.suff
XX
XX See the sections on PERCENT(%) RULES for
XX details on how PREP is used.
XX
XX SSHHEELLLL This macro defines the full path to the exe-
XX cutable image to be used as the shell when
XX processing single line recipes. This macro
XX must be defined if recipes requiring the
XX shell for execution are to be used. It is
XX assigned a default value in the startup
XX makefile. Under UNIX this value is /bin/sh.
XX
XX SSHHEELLLLFFLLAAGGSS This macro gives the set of flags to pass to
XX the shell when invoking it to execute a sin-
XX gle line recipe. The value of the macro is
XX the list of flags with a leading switch
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 28
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX indicator. (ie. `-' under UNIX)
XX
XX SSHHEELLLLMMEETTAASS Each time ddmmaakkee executes a single recipe
XX line (not a group recipe) the line is
XX searched for any occurrence of a character
XX defined in the value of SHELLMETAS. If such
XX a character is found the recipe line is
XX defined to require a shell to ensure its
XX correct execution. In such instances a
XX shell is used to invoke the recipe line. If
XX no match is found the recipe line is exe-
XX cuted without the use of a shell.
XX
XX
XX There is only one character valued macro defined by ddmmaakkee:
XX SSWWIITTCCHHAARR contains the switch character used to introduce
XX options on command lines. For UNIX its value is `-', and
XX for MSDOS its value may be `/' or `-'. The macro is inter-
XX nally defined and is not user setable. The MSDOS version of
XX ddmmaakkee attempts to first extract SWITCHAR from an environment
XX variable of the same name. If that fails it then attempts
XX to use the undocumented getswitchar system call, and returns
XX the result of that. Under MSDOS version 4.0 you must set
XX the value of the environment macro SWITCHAR to '/' to obtain
XX predictable behavior.
XX
XX All boolean macros currently understood by ddmmaakkee correspond
XX directly to the previously defined attributes. These macros
XX provide a second way to apply global attributes, and
XX represent the preferred method of doing so. They are used
XX by assigning them a value. If the value is not a NULL
XX string then the boolean condition is set to on. If the
XX value is a NULL string then the condition is set to off.
XX There are five conditions defined and they correspond
XX directly to the attributes of the same name. Their meanings
XX are defined in the ATTRIBUTES section above. The macros
XX are: ..EEPPIILLOOGG, ..IIGGNNOORREE, ..MMKKSSAARRGGSS, ..NNOOIINNFFEERR, ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS, ..PPRROO----
XX LLOOGG, ..SSEEQQUUEENNTTIIAALL, ..SSIILLEENNTT, ..SSWWAAPP, and ..UUSSEESSHHEELLLL. Assigning
XX any of these a non NULL value will globally set the
XX corresponding attribute to on.
XX
XRRUUNN__TTIIMMEE MMAACCRROOSS
XX These macros are defined when ddmmaakkee is making targets, and
XX may take on different values for each target. $$@@ is defined
XX to be the full target name, $$?? is the list of all out of
XX date prerequisites, $$&& is the list of all prerequisites, $$>>
XX is the name of the library if the current target is a
XX library member, and $$<< is the list of prerequisites speci-
XX fied in the current rule. If the current target had a
XX recipe inferred then $$<< is the name of the inferred prere-
XX quisite even if the target had a list of prerequisites sup-
XX plied using an explicit rule that did not provide a recipe.
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 29
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX In such situations $$&& gives the full list of prerequisites.
XX
XX $$** is defined as $$((@@::ddbb)) when making targets with explicit
XX recipes and is defined as the value of % when making targets
XX whose recipe is the result of an inference. In the first
XX case $$** is the target name with no suffix, and in the second
XX case, is the value of the matched % pattern from the associ-
XX ated %-rule. $$^^ expands to the set of out of date prere-
XX quisites taken from the current value of $$<<. In addition to
XX these, $$$$ expands to $, {{{{ expands to {, }}}} expands to },
XX and the strings <<++ and ++>> are recognized as respectively
XX starting and terminating a text diversion when they appear
XX literally together in the same input line.
XX
XX The difference between $? and $^ can best be illustrated by
XX an example, consider:
XX
XX fred.out : joe amy hello
XX rules for making fred
XX
XX fred.out : my.c your.h his.h her.h # more prerequisites
XX
XX Assume joe, amy, and my.c are newer then fred.out. When
XX ddmmaakkee executes the recipe for making fred.out the values of
XX the following macros will be:
XX
XX $@ --> fred.out
XX $* --> fred
XX $? --> joe amy my.c # note the difference between $? and $^
XX $^ --> joe amy
XX $< --> joe amy hello
XX $& --> joe amy hello my.c your.h his.h her.h
XX
XX
XFFUUNNCCTTIIOONN MMAACCRROOSS
XX ddmmaakkee supports a full set of functional macros. One of
XX these, the $(mktmp ...) macro, is discussed in detail in the
XX TEXT DIVERSION section and is not covered here.
XX
XX
XX $(nnuullll,_t_e_x_t ttrruuee ffaallssee)
XX expands the value of _t_e_x_t_. If it is NULL then the
XX macro returns the value of the expansion of ttrruuee
XX and the expansion of ffaallssee otherwise. The terms
XX ttrruuee, and ffaallssee must be strings containing no
XX white-space.
XX
XX $(!!nnuullll,_t_e_x_t ttrruuee ffaallssee)
XX Behaves identically to the previous macro except
XX that the ttrruuee string is chosen if the expansion of
XX _t_e_x_t is not NULL.
XX
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 30
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX $(eeqq,_t_e_x_t___a,_t_e_x_t___b ttrruuee ffaallssee)
XX expands _t_e_x_t___a and _t_e_x_t___b and compares their
XX results. If equal it returns the result of the
XX expansion of the ttrruuee term, otherwise it returns
XX the expansion of the ffaallssee term.
XX
XX $(!!eeqq,_t_e_x_t___a,_t_e_x_t___b ttrruuee ffaallssee)
XX Behaves identically to the previous macro except
XX that the ttrruuee string is chosen if the expansions
XX of the two strings are not equal
XX
XX $(sshheellll ccoommmmaanndd)
XX Runs _c_o_m_m_a_n_d as if it were part of a recipe and
XX returns, separated by a single space, all the
XX non-white space terms written to stdout by the
XX command. For example:
XX
XX $(shell ls *.c)
XX
XX will return _"_a_._c _b_._c _c_._c _d_._c_" if the files exist
XX in the current directory. The recipe modification
XX flags [[++@@%%--]] are honored if they appear as the
XX first characters in the command. For example:
XX
XX $(shell +ls *.c)
XX
XX will run the command using the current shell.
XX
XX $(ssoorrtt lliisstt)
XX Will take all white-space separated tokens in _l_i_s_t
XX and will return their sorted equivalent list.
XX
XX $(ssttrriipp ddaattaa)
XX Will replace all strings of white-space in data by
XX a single space.
XX
XX $(ssuubbsstt,_p_a_t,_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t ddaattaa)
XX Will search for _p_a_t in ddaattaa and will replace any
XX occurrence of _p_a_t with the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t string.
XX The expansion
XX
XX $(subst,.o,.c $(OBJECTS))
XX
XX is equivalent to:
XX
XX $(OBJECTS:s/.o/.c/)
XX
XX
XDDYYNNAAMMIICC PPRREERREEQQUUIISSIITTEESS
XX ddmmaakkee looks for prerequisites whose names contain macro
XX expansions during target processing. Any such prerequisites
XX are expanded and the result of the expansion is used as the
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 31
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX prerequisite name. As an example the line:
XX
XX fred : $$@.c
XX
XX causes the $$@ to be expanded when ddmmaakkee is making fred, and
XX it resolves to the target _f_r_e_d. This enables dynamic prere-
XX quisites to be generated. The value of @ may be modified by
XX any of the valid macro modifiers. So you can say for exam-
XX ple:
XX
XX fred.out : $$(@:b).c
XX
XX where the $$(@:b) expands to _f_r_e_d. Note the use of $$
XX instead of $ to indicate the dynamic expansion, this is due
XX to the fact that the rule line is expanded when it is ini-
XX tially parsed, and $$ then returns $ which later triggers
XX the dynamic prerequisite expansion. If you really want a $
XX to be part of a prerequisite name you must use $$$$.
XX Dynamic macro expansion is performed in all user defined
XX rules, and the special targets .SOURCE*, and .INCLUDEDIRS.
XX
XBBIINNDDIINNGG TTAARRGGEETTSS
XX This operation takes a target name and binds it to an exist-
XX ing file, if possible. ddmmaakkee makes a distinction between
XX the internal target name of a target and its associated
XX external file name. Thus it is possible for a target's
XX internal name and its external file name to differ. To per-
XX form the binding, the following set of rules is used.
XX Assume that we are trying to bind a target whose name is of
XX the form _X_._s_u_f_f, where _._s_u_f_f is the suffix and _X is the stem
XX portion (ie. that part which contains the directory and the
XX basename). ddmmaakkee takes this target name and performs a
XX series of search operations that try to find a suitably
XX named file in the external file system. The search opera-
XX tion is user controlled via the settings of the various
XX .SOURCE targets.
XX
XX 1. If target has the .SYMBOL attribute set then look
XX for it in the library. If found, replace the tar-
XX get name with the library member name and continue
XX with step 2. If the name is not found then
XX return.
XX
XX 2. Extract the suffix portion (that following the
XX `.') of the target name. If the suffix is not
XX null, look up the special target .SOURCE.<suff>
XX (<suff> is the suffix). If the special target
XX exists then search each directory given in the
XX .SOURCE.<suff> prerequisite list for the target.
XX If the target's suffix was null (ie. _._s_u_f_f was
XX empty) then perform the above search but use the
XX special target .SOURCE.NULL instead. If at any
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 32
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX point a match is found then terminate the search.
XX If a directory in the prerequisite list is the
XX special name `.NULL ' perform a search for the
XX full target name without prepending any directory
XX portion (ie. prepend the NULL directory). (a
XX default target of '.SOURCE : .NULL' is defined by
XX ddmmaakkee at startup, and is user redefinable)
XX
XX 3. The search in step 2. failed. Repeat the same
XX search but this time use the special target
XX .SOURCE.
XX
XX 4. The search in step 3. failed. If the target has
XX the library member attribute (.LIBMEMBER) set then
XX try to find the target in the library which was
XX passed along with the .LIBMEMBER attribute (see
XX the MAKING LIBRARIES section). The bound file
XX name assigned to a target which is successfully
XX located in a library is the same name that would
XX be assigned had the search failed (see 5.).
XX
XX 5. The search failed. Either the target was not
XX found in any of the search directories or no
XX applicable .SOURCE special targets exist. If
XX applicable .SOURCE special targets exist, but the
XX target was not found, then ddmmaakkee assigns the first
XX name searched as the bound file name. If no
XX applicable .SOURCE special targets exist, then the
XX full original target name becomes the bound file
XX name.
XX
XX There is potential here for a lot of search operations. The
XX trick is to define .SOURCE.x special targets with short
XX search lists and leave .SOURCE as short as possible. The
XX search algorithm has the following useful side effect. When
XX a target having the .LIBMEMBER (library member) attribute is
XX searched for, it is first searched for as an ordinary file.
XX When a number of library members require updating it is
XX desirable to compile all of them first and to update the
XX library at the end in a single operation. If one of the
XX members does not compile and ddmmaakkee stops, then the user may
XX fix the error and make again. ddmmaakkee will not remake any of
XX the targets whose object files have already been generated
XX as long as none of their prerequisite files have been modi-
XX fied as a result of the fix.
XX
XX When defining .SOURCE and .SOURCE.x targets the construct
XX
XX .SOURCE :
XX .SOURCE : fred gery
XX
XX is equivalent to
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 33
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX .SOURCE :- fred gery
XX
XX ddmmaakkee correctly handles the UNIX Make variable VPATH. By
XX definition VPATH contains a list of ':' separated direc-
XX tories to search when looking for a target. ddmmaakkee maps
XX VPATH to the following special rule:
XX
XX .SOURCE :^ $(VPATH:s/:/ /)
XX
XX Which takes the value of VPATH and sets .SOURCE to the same
XX set of directories as specified in VPATH.
XX
XPPEERRCCEENNTT((%%)) RRUULLEESS AANNDD MMAAKKIINNGG IINNFFEERREENNCCEESS
XX When ddmmaakkee makes a target, the target's set of prerequisites
XX (if any) must exist and the target must have a recipe which
XX ddmmaakkee can use to make it. If the makefile does not specify
XX an explicit recipe for the target then ddmmaakkee uses special
XX rules to try to infer a recipe which it can use to make the
XX target. Previous versions of Make perform this task by
XX using rules that are defined by targets of the form
XX .<suffix>.<suffix> and by using the .SUFFIXES list of suf-
XX fixes. The exact workings of this mechanism were sometimes
XX difficult to understand and often limiting in their useful-
XX ness. Instead, ddmmaakkee supports the concept of _%_-_m_e_t_a rules.
XX The syntax and semantics of these rules differ from standard
XX rule lines as follows:
XX
XX _<_%_-_t_a_r_g_e_t_> [_<_a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s_>] _<_r_u_l_e_o_p_> [_<_%_-_p_r_e_r_e_q_u_i_s_i_t_e_s_>] [;_<_r_e_c_i_p_e_>]
XX
XX where _%_-_t_a_r_g_e_t is a target containing exactly a single `%'
XX sign, _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s is a list (possibly empty) of attributes,
XX _r_u_l_e_o_p is the standard set of rule operators, _%_-_p_r_e_r_e_-
XX _q_u_i_s_i_t_e_s , if present, is a list of prerequisites containing
XX zero or more `%' signs, and _r_e_c_i_p_e_, if present, is the first
XX line of the recipe.
XX
XX The _%_-_t_a_r_g_e_t defines a pattern against which a target whose
XX recipe is being inferred gets matched. The pattern match
XX goes as follows: all chars are matched exactly from left to
XX right up to but not including the % sign in the pattern, %
XX then matches the longest string from the actual target name
XX not ending in the suffix given after the % sign in the pat-
XX tern. Consider the following examples:
XX
XX %.c matches fred.c but not joe.c.Z
XX dir/%.c matches dir/fred.c but not dd/fred.c
XX fred/% matches fred/joe.c but not f/joe.c
XX % matches anything
XX
XX In each case the part of the target name that matched the %
XX sign is retained and is substituted for any % signs in the
XX prerequisite list of the %-meta rule when the rule is
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 34
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX selected during inference and ddmmaakkee constructs the new
XX dependency. As an example the following %-meta rules
XX describe the following:
XX
XX %.c : %.y ; recipe...
XX
XX describes how to make any file ending in .c if a correspond-
XX ing file ending in .y can be found.
XX
XX foo%.o : fee%.k ; recipe...
XX
XX is used to describe how to make fooxxxx.o from feexxxx.k.
XX
XX %.a :; recipe...
XX
XX describes how to make a file whose suffix is .a without
XX inferring any prerequisites.
XX
XX %.c : %.y yaccsrc/%.y ; recipe...
XX
XX is a short form for the construct:
XX
XX %.c : %.y ; recipe...
XX %.c : yaccsrc/%.y ; recipe...
XX
XX ie. It is possible to specify the same recipe for two
XX %-rules by giving more than one prerequisite in the prere-
XX quisite list. A more interesting example is:
XX
XX % : RCS/%,v ; co $@
XX
XX which describes how to take any target and check it out of
XX the RCS directory if the corresponding file exists in the
XX RCS directory. The equivalent SCCS rule would be:
XX
XX % : s.% ; get $@
XX
XX
XX The previous RCS example defines an infinite rule, because
XX it says how to make _a_n_y_t_h_i_n_g from RCS/%,v, and _a_n_y_t_h_i_n_g also
XX includes RCS/fred.c,v. To limit the size of the graph that
XX results from such rules ddmmaakkee uses the macro variable PREP
XX (stands for % repetition). By default the value of this
XX variable is 0, which says that no repetitions of a %-rule
XX are to be generated. If it is set to something greater than
XX 0, then that many repetitions of any infinite %-rule are
XX allowed. If in the above example PREP was set to 1, then
XX ddmmaakkee would generate the dependency graph:
XX
XX % --> RCS/%,v --> RCS/RCS/%,v,v
XX
XX Where each link is assigned the same recipe as the first
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 35
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX link. PREP should be used only in special cases, since it
XX may result in a large increase in the number of possible
XX prerequisites tested. ddmmaakkee further assumes that any target
XX that has no suffix can be made from a prerequisite that has
XX at least one suffix.
XX
XX ddmmaakkee supports dynamic prerequisite generation for prere-
XX quisites of %-meta rules. This is best illustrated by an
XX example. The RCS rule shown above can infer how to check
XX out a file from a corresponding RCS file only if the target
XX is a simple file name with no directory information. That
XX is, the above rule can infer how to find _R_C_S_/_f_r_e_d_._c_,_v from
XX the target _f_r_e_d_._c, but cannot infer how to find
XX _s_r_c_d_i_r_/_R_C_S_/_f_r_e_d_._c_,_v from _s_r_c_d_i_r_/_f_r_e_d_._c because the above
XX rule will cause ddmmaakkee to look for RCS/srcdir/fred.c,v; which
XX does not exist (assume that srcdir has its own RCS directory
XX as is the common case).
XX
XX A more versatile formulation of the above RCS check out rule
XX is the following:
XX
XX % : $$(@:d)RCS/$$(@:f),v : co $@
XX
XX This rule uses the dynamic macro $@ to specify the prere-
XX quisite to try to infer. During inference of this rule the
XX macro $@ is set to the value of the target of the %-meta
XX rule and the appropriate prerequisite is generated by
XX extracting the directory portion of the target name (if
XX any), appending the string _R_C_S_/ to it, and appending the
XX target file name with a trailing _,_v attached to the previous
XX result.
XX
XX ddmmaakkee can also infer indirect prerequisites. An inferred
XX target can have a list of prerequisites added that will not
XX show up in the value of $< but will show up in the value of
XX $? and $&. Indirect prerequisites are specified in an
XX inference rule by quoting the prerequisite with single
XX quotes. For example, if you had the explicit dependency:
XX
XX fred.o : fred.c ; rule to make fred.o
XX fred.o : local.h
XX
XX then this can be inferred for fred.o from the following
XX inference rule:
XX
XX %.o : %.c 'local.h' ; rule to make a .o from a .c
XX
XX You may infer indirect prerequisites that are a function of
XX the value of '%' in the current rule. The meta-rule:
XX
XX %.o : %.c '$(INC)/%.h' ; rule to make a .o from a .c
XX
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 36
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX infers an indirect prerequisite found in the INC directory
XX whose name is the same as the expansion of $(INC), and the
XX prerequisite name depends on the base name of the current
XX target. The set of indirect prerequisites is attached to
XX the meta rule in which they are specified and are inferred
XX only if the rule is used to infer a recipe for a target.
XX They do not play an active role in driving the inference
XX algorithm. The construct:
XX
XX %.o : %.c %.f 'local.h'; recipe
XX
XX is equivalent to:
XX
XX %.o : %.c 'local.h' : recipe
XX %.o : %.f 'local.h' : recipe
XX
XX
XX If any of the attributes .SETDIR, .EPILOG, .PROLOG, .SILENT,
XX .USESHELL, .SWAP, .PRECIOUS, .LIBRARY, .NOSTATE and .IGNORE
XX are given for a %-rule then when that rule is bound to a
XX target as the result of an inference, the target's set of
XX attributes is augmented by the attributes from the above set
XX that are specified in the bound %-rule. Other attributes
XX specified for %-meta rules are not inherited by the target.
XX The .SETDIR attribute is treated in a special way. If the
XX target already had a .SETDIR attribute set then ddmmaakkee
XX changes to that directory prior to performing the inference.
XX During inference any .SETDIR attributes for the inferred
XX prerequisite are honored. The directories must exist for a
XX %-meta rule to be selected as a possible inference path. If
XX the directories do not exist no error message is issued,
XX instead the corresponding path in the inference graph is
XX rejected.
XX
XX ddmmaakkee also supports the old format special target
XX .<suffix>.<suffix> by identifying any rules of this form and
XX mapping them to the appropriate %-rule. So for example if
XX an old makefile contains the construct:
XX
XX .c.o :; cc -c $< -o $@
XX
XX ddmmaakkee maps this into the following %-rule:
XX
XX %.o : %.c; cc -c $< -o $@
XX
XX Furthermore, ddmmaakkee understands several SYSV AUGMAKE special
XX targets and maps them into corresponding %-meta rules.
XX These transformation must be enabled by providing the -A
XX flag on the command line or by setting the value of AUGMAKE
XX to non-NULL. The construct
XX
XX .suff :; recipe
XX
XX
XX
XVersion 3.70 UW 37
XX
XX
XX
XX
XDMAKE(p) Unsupported Free Software DMAKE(p)
XX
XX
XX
XX gets mapped into:
XX
XX % : %.suff; recipe
XX
XX and the construct
XX
XX .c~.o :; recipe
XX
XX gets mapped into:
XX
XX %.o : s.%.c ; recipe
XX
XX In general, a special target of the form .<str>~ is replaced
XX by the %-rule construct s.%.<str>, thereby providing support
XX for the syntax used by SYSV AUGMAKE for providing SCCS sup-
XX port. When enabled, these mappings allow processing of
XX existing SYSV makefiles without modifications.
XX
XX ddmmaakkee bases all of its inferences on the inference graph
XX constructed from the %-rules defined in the makefile. It
XX knows exactly which targets can be made from which prere-
XX quisites by making queries on the inference graph. For this
XX reason .SUFFIXES is not needed and is completely ignored.
XX
XX For a %-meta rule to be inferred as the rule whose recipe
XX will be used to make a target, the target's name must match
XX the %-target pattern, and any inferred %-prerequisite must
XX already exist or have an explicit recipe so that the prere-
SHAR_EOF
true || echo 'restore of dm37p2 failed'
fi
echo 'End of part 3'
echo 'File dm37p2 is continued in part 4'
echo 4 > _shar_seq_.tmp
exit 0
exit 0 # Just in case...
--
Kent Landfield INTERNET: kent@sparky.IMD.Sterling.COM
Sterling Software, IMD UUCP: uunet!sparky!kent
Phone: (402) 291-8300 FAX: (402) 291-4362
Please send comp.sources.misc-related mail to kent@uunet.uu.net.