[net.news] Engineering Usenet

jdd (12/09/82)

Let's consider ways to improve the engineering of the Usenet.  Here's one.

As we have all seen, news can take an awfully long time to get from one side
of the net to the other.  This can (help to) cause such unpleasant features
as a dozen broadcast responses to the same query, followed by two dozen
broadcast flames about the duplication.  Increasing the speed with which
messages percolate through the network would increase its usability.

Usenet has grown up in a distributed fashion, with sites mostly adding
themselves to locally convenient places in the net without considering the
global topology of the net.  This results in a semi-random topology, which
we can improve on for the purpose of, say, improving its speed.

I've done a simple study to try to understand the topology of the Usenet.
All my information comes from the Hortons' 12/1/82 map (hopelessly obsolete
by now, of course).  This study considers only the pure topology, ignoring
different speeds or frequencies of connections; it is also slightly
simplistic about the resolution of multiple routing.

And now, the results.  The farthest corners of the Usenet are (in decreasing
order of remoteness):

	az70, kpno
	ecn-ed, pucc-i, pur-phy, uiuceml
	avsdF, avsdS, avsdT
	princeton
	win

The longest paths through the Usenet are:
>
>From az70
or kpno:	arizona!gi!sytek!zehntel!teklabs!ucbcad!ucbvax!decvax!
			harpo!ihps3!stolaf!minn-ua!pur-ee!ecn-pa!ecn-pb!
			ecn-ed!

		arizona!gi!sytek!zehntel!teklabs!ucbcad!ucbvax!decvax!
			harpo!ihps3!stolaf!minn-ua!pur-ee!purdue!pucc-h!
			pucc-i!

		arizona!gi!sytek!zehntel!teklabs!ucbcad!ucbvax!decvax!
			harpo!ihps3!stolaf!minn-ua!pur-ee!purdue!pucc-h!
			pur-phy!

		arizona!gi!sytek!zehntel!teklabs!ucbcad!ucbvax!decvax!
			harpo!ihps3!stolaf!minn-ua!pur-ee!uiucdcs!
			uicsovax!uiuceml!
>
>From ecn-ed:	ecn-pb!ecn-pa!pur-ee!inuxc!ixn5c!ihps3!harpo!decvax!
			ucbvax!ucbcad!teklabs!zehntel!sytek!gi!arizona!
			(az70|kpno)!
>
>From pucc-i: 	pucc-h!purdue!pur-ee!inuxc!ixn5c!ihps3!harpo!decvax!
			ucbvax!ucbcad!teklabs!zehntel!sytek!gi!arizona!
			(az70|kpno)!

From: pur-phy	pucc-h!purdue!pur-ee!inuxc!ixn5c!ihps3!harpo!decvax!
			ucbvax!ucbcad!teklabs!zehntel!sytek!gi!arizona!
			(az70|kpno)!
>
>From uiuceml:	uicsovax!uiucdcs!pur-ee!inuxc!ixn5c!ihps3!harpo!decvax!
			ucbvax!ucbcad!teklabs!zehntel!sytek!gi!arizona!

These are all 16-hop paths.

The most central machine on the net is decvax (at most 8 hops to anywhere,
which is why 16 hops will get you from anywhere to anywhere).  A second
center is ucbvax (at most 9 hops to anywhere, a property shared with
decvax's other immediate neighbors, although ucbvax can do a lot of this
without going through decvax).

Now: what next?  Well, if we were to try to remedy the particular problems
shown above by adding links between, say, arizona and pur-ee (to make a
simple and undoubtedly nonoptimal choice), the furthest corners would become:

	avsdF, avsdS, avsdT
	princeton
	ecn-ed
	pucc-i, pur-phy, uiuceml
	win
	hlexa
	uofm-cv
	psi

The longest path would now be 15 hops.  There would now be a three-way tie
between decvax, duke and harpo for most central site, each at most 8 hops
from anywhere.

Keeping in mind the limitations of these particular results, I think that it
suggests that a lot can be done with this sort of approach.  I would welcome
discussion on this topic.

Cheers,
John DeTreville
Bell Labs, Murray Hill

mclure (03/09/83)

#R:allegra:-67400:sri-unix:8200007:000:320
sri-unix!mclure    Dec  9 03:34:00 1982

The obvious problem with this, of course, is that cross-country phone
calls are expensive and transferring kilobytes per day, even at 1200
baud will run up a large phone bill which many people are unwilling to
pay, especially if they feel that Usenet is more of a convenience than
a necessity (heaven forbid!).

	Stuart