[net.unix-wizards] length of day.

hstrop (11/05/82)

For those people who couldn't live without this info:

one day(earth rotation) = 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds

Nothing for the guy on the street to worry about, but now
you know why the days seem shorter than when you were a kid.

z (11/05/82)

	From decvax!harpo!eagle!mhuxt!hstrop Thu Nov  4 18:45:52 1982
	Subject: length of day
	Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards

	For those people who couldn't live without this info:

	one day(earth rotation) = 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds

	Nothing for the guy on the street to worry about, but now
	you know why the days seem shorter than when you were a kid.

How could this be true?  If this were so, after about 100 days
everybody's clock would be six hours off, the sun would be rising at
midnight, etc.

Actually, the earth's rotation is somewhat variable, but it's so close
to 24 hours that over the period of a year, clocks are off by only a
second or two.  To compensate for this, a "leap second" is added or
subtracted at the end of June and the end of December, when necessary.

thomas (11/05/82)

Once and for all:
	The 'sidereal day' is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds.  This is
the period of the Earth's rotation with respect to the Universe (whatever that
means).
	The 'mean solar day' is 24 hours exactly (with the exception of those
leap seconds, which get stuck in because the second is defined relative to the
mean solar day of 1900, and the day is slowly lengthening).

Is that clear?

=Spencer

djb (11/08/82)

It's true nonetheless - a single rotation of Mother Earth takes
23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds.  How come our clocks stay
close, and the Sun doesn't rise at midnight?  What we mean by
period of rotation is the time it takes to rotate through a full
360 degrees.  Go outside and look up.  After 23h 56m 4s, you've 
been rotated back and are facing outward into the universe in the 
same direction.

While the Earth was rotating, however, it was also orbiting the Sun,
processing around the Sun a tiny bit each day.  (Moving almost a degree
in its orbit while you were being rotated).  This movement leaves the
Sun slightly behind (in an angular sense).  It takes almost four more
minutes of rotating to compensate for this incremental daily precession
of the Sun.  This combination (23h 56m 4s rotation period plus ~4
minutes extra to return the Sun to its position of the day before)
produces a 24 hour solar day.  Well almost.  There's enough error there
to require an additional day be inserted into our calendar every four
years.

					David Bryant
					 cbosg!djb

colbert (11/10/82)

Rotation of the day with respect to an inertial reference frame or
to the sun?
I believe that 23 hours 56 minutes is with respect to an inertial frame
(actualy to some stars drifting in space), and 24 hours is measured against the
relative position of the sun.  Remember that the Earth is moving in it's orbit
about the sun, so the sun has shifted it's position relative to us.

Remember this next time you are trying to land a spaceship with it's autopilot
blown away.
				Charles Colbert
				pyuxjj!colbert
				pyuxww!colbert