[comp.dcom.telecom] Modems and LD Carriers

gould@pilot.njin.net (Brian Jay Gould) (05/10/89)

I have seen numerous comparisons by carriers, of their noise levels (dropping
pins and such).  The modem manufacturers specify data rates based upon
noise free lines.

So...  has anyone ever attempted to chart data rate versus carrier?
(for several modem types)

If not, I may have some funding for someone interested in doing some
research.
--

- Brian Jay Gould  :: INTERNET gould@pilot.njin.net   BITNET gould@jvncc  -
-                     UUCP rutgers!njin!gould    Telephone (201) 329-9616 -

dave@rutgers.edu (Dave Levenson) (05/13/89)

In article <telecom-v09i0160m03@vector.dallas.tx.us>, gould@pilot.njin.net
(Brian Jay Gould) writes:
> I have seen numerous comparisons by carriers, of their noise levels (dropping
> pins and such).  The modem manufacturers specify data rates based upon
> noise free lines.
>
> So...  has anyone ever attempted to chart data rate versus carrier?
> (for several modem types)


We have used three different LD carriers in recent years.  Our
experience is that each of these (SBS Skyline, MCI, and AT&T) shows
significant variation between different calls to the same place,
using the same carrier.  The variation in data transmission quality
varies even more among calls placed over the same carrier to
different destinations.  The variation between these carriers was no
more than the variation between different calls using the same
carrier.

We also find plenty of noisey intra-lata calls.  If the local
carrier cannot deliver a clean dial-up circuit across town, how can
they be expected to provide a uniformly clean interface to any of
the inter-lata carriers?   It doesn't matter much how good the toll
carrier is if the local carrier is bad.  A given circuit is as good
as its weakest link, isn't it?

--
Dave Levenson
{uunet | rutgers | att}!westmark!dave
...the man in the mooney

INTERMAIL@a.isi.edu (Robert Gutierrez / MCI ID: 367-9829) (05/17/89)

From: westmark!dave@rutgers.edu (Dave Levenson)
>In article <telecom-v09i0160m03@vector.dallas.tx.us>,
gould@pilot.njin.net
>(Brian Jay Gould) writes:
> I have seen numerous comparisons by carriers, of their noise levels
>(dropping pins and such).  The modem manufacturers specify data rates based
>upon noise free lines.

> So...  has anyone ever attempted to chart data rate versus carrier?
> (for several modem types)

>We have used three different LD carriers in recent years.  Our
>experience is that each of these (SBS Skyline, MCI, and AT&T) shows
>significant variation between different calls to the same place,
>using the same carrier.  The variation in data transmission quality
>varies even more among calls placed over the same carrier to
>different destinations.  The variation between these carriers was no
>more than the variation between different calls using the same
>carrier.

I could not agree more.  Even at MCI, the circut quality could even depend
on the time of day you call. Scenaro: You call from San Francisco to New
York. If you called at 9pm, your call would travel over our backbone fiber
that runs between San Francisco and Washington DC, then via digital radio
to New York (over-simplification here), but it is possible that you try at
9AM instead, and all trunks are busy on that fiber route, then we have to
find an alternate route for you call to terminate in New York. So, lets see,
we send you to Los Angeles first, then Phoenix, Arizona, then Dallas, Texas,
then St. Louis, Missouri, then......you get the picture.  Then there is
unexpected problems that can contribute, like "backhoe fade"....:-)

>We also find plenty of noisey intra-lata calls.  If the local
>carrier cannot deliver a clean dial-up circuit across town, how can
>they be expected to provide a uniformly clean interface to any of
>the inter-lata carriers?   It doesn't matter much how good the toll
>carrier is if the local carrier is bad.  A given circuit is as good
>as its weakest link, isn't it?

Ahhh yes, the local carrier lines.  I have a problem in that regard. I
am on Portal (cup.portal.com) in Cupertino, California.  I call from
Hayward, California, so, it is intralata.  I am calling from a 1AESS to
a DMS-100, distance: 25 miles.  I would hope to think that there are
directs between HYWRCA11CG0 (Hayward C.O.) and SNJSCA12CG0 (San Jose C.O.
serving Cupertino). When I call Cupertino at 2400 baud, I always get a bunch
of curly characters at the beginning of the transmission, usually
going away after repeated <cr>'s (or, during retraining/equalization).
This usually points towards frame errors/slips on a T-1 carrier, a common
problem on the DMS-100, but I have also gotten this while calling through MCI
which we have direct circuts to that C.O., but not from work, where we
route through San Francisco instead (I think it's San Francisco 10 or 12
were on).  I searched my own calls from work, and they terminate directly
into SNJS/12, but I have no way of searching my intralata calls to see
if I hit the tandem on their end (Santa Clara) or my end (Oakland), and see
if one of the tandems is screwing this up.

Of course, trying to explain all this to repair (611), and they usually
say "huh?".

Let us know if you do proceed with the modem experiments, and the results
and problems you encounter.

     Robert Gutierrez
     MCI Telecommuncations
     Western Region Trouble Management Center
     Hayward, California.

gould@pilot.njin.net (Brian Jay Gould) (05/19/89)

I agree that the quality of call to call will vary.  Certainly, location
choices will have a significant effect upon results.  However, I have the
feeling that some trends can be realized.

We are still discussing whether to fund this research or not.  We also need
to find someone with the talent to lead the effort at a university if we
are to proceed.
--

- Brian Jay Gould  :: INTERNET gould@pilot.njin.net   BITNET gould@jvncc  -

jimmy@seas.ucla.edu (Jim Gottlieb) (05/19/89)

In article <telecom-v09i0168m02@vector.dallas.tx.us> INTERMAIL@a.isi.edu
(Robert Gutierrez / MCI ID: 367-9829) writes:

>From: westmark!dave@rutgers.edu (Dave Levenson)
>>In article <telecom-v09i0160m03@vector.dallas.tx.us>,
>gould@pilot.njin.net
>>(Brian Jay Gould) writes:

>>using the same carrier.  The variation in data transmission quality
>>varies even more among calls placed over the same carrier to
>>different destinations.  The variation between these carriers was no
>>more than the variation between different calls using the same
>>carrier.

>I could not agree more.

Perhaps.  But certain carriers are bad all of the time.  Certain
resellers use compression to squeeze more voice circuits onto a channel
(i.e. DS1 or DS3).  This tends to send data throughput down the drain.

The company I am most familiar with is Telesphere (10555).  I find that
I consistently get about half the throughput I do with AT&T or Sprint.
The volume on voice calls is also a bit low.

When I confronted them about this, they said, "We are a voice service.
We make no claims about our ability to carry data."

With apologies to Mr. Gutierrez, I find that MCI still has the worst
voice quality of the major carriers.  They are still using way too many
analog microwave hops with the stations farther apart than they should
be (fog in the central California valleys kills connections from
Southern to Northern California for instance).
--
                              Jim Gottlieb
  E-Mail: <jimmy@denwa.uucp> or <jimmy@pic.ucla.edu> or <attmail!denwa!jimmy>
         V-Mail: (213) 551-7702  Fax: 478-3060  The-Real-Me: 824-5454

chip@vector.dallas.tx.us (Chip Rosenthal) (05/21/89)

gould@pilot.njin.net (Brian Jay Gould) writes:
>X-TELECOM-Digest: volume 9, issue 160, message 3 of 8
>So...  has anyone ever attempted to chart data rate versus carrier?

The April 25 issue of |Data Communications| has an article "A quality
comparison: Which carrier tests best?"  They tested AT&T, MCI, and Sprint
with 9600bps V.32 modems (specifically Codex 2264's).

They summarized the results of the tests saying:

    Despite Sprint's new fiber network, AT&T was still the winner in
    terms of error-free data connections over all links.

    Not surprisingly, AT&T also won hands down in terms of call-setup
    time. [...]

    In terms of signal loss, Sprint was the winner, showing an average
    receive signal level of -10dBm [...]  But when comparing link by link,
    there was no clear winner.  Besides, all the carriers fell well within
    the acceptable limits for voice.

In their tests, they compared:  call-setup time, receive-signal level,
and bit and block error rate.  Their overall summary for connections with
data errors (that is at least one error occured during the 1.5 minute
BERT with a 511 pattern) was:

	AT&T	================ 15%

	SPRINT	==================== 19%

	MCI	============================== 29%

		|---------|---------|---------|---------|
		0%        10%       20%       30%       40%

	"Percent of total tested connections with at least one
	block errored in transmission."


However, as others have pointed out, the end-to-end connection is only
as good as every link in the chain.
--
Chip Rosenthal / chip@vector.Dallas.TX.US / Dallas Semiconductor / 214-450-5337

chip@vector.dallas.tx.us (Chip Rosenthal) (05/21/89)

Jim Gottlieb <ucla-an!denwa!jimmy@seas.ucla.edu> writes:
>X-TELECOM-Digest: volume 9, issue 169, message 5 of 8
>Certain resellers use compression to squeeze more voice circuits onto a
>channel (i.e. DS1 or DS3).  This tends to send data throughput down the drain.

The only tariffed service using compression is M44, which uses the 32K
ADPCM speech compression algorithm.  It is so named because the 24 8-bit
channel bandwidth of a T1 line is allocated as 44 4-bit voice channels
and 2 8-bit bundled signalling channels.  The ADPCM algorithm has been
engineered specifically to support modems.  The Europeans had a G.721
ADPCM algorithm months before the ANSI T1Y1 committee approved theirs.
What was the holdup?

They wanted to get modem traffic right!

Turns out that the original algorithm was found to have problems with
V.22bis and some patches were made to account for this.  The CCITT has
since gone back and updated their standard with this same algorithm.

There is no compression done at the DS3 level.  In practice, DS3 is used
in the public network only to multiplex several DS1's.

I don't believe that ADPCM is commonly used by carriers for their normal
public lines.  Even if it were, most modem traffic would be unaffected.
(I'm not sure about PEP or V.32.)  There are lots of reasons for modem
problems, but I don't think this is one of them.

The assertion that compression is a problem is possibly qualified by
mentioning "resellers".  True, there is stuff out there which can make
anybody sound like an old 78-rpm record which went through a car wash.
But I would think you would have to go out of your way to get a super-cheap
economy service to get this kind of stuff.
--
Chip Rosenthal / chip@vector.Dallas.TX.US / Dallas Semiconductor / 214-450-5337

desnoyer@apple.com (Peter Desnoyers) (05/31/89)

In article <telecom-v09i0172m03@vector.dallas.tx.us> chip@vector.dallas.tx.us
writes:

>The only tariffed service using compression is M44, which uses the 32K
>ADPCM speech compression algorithm.
> ...
>They wanted to get modem traffic right!

People who build V.29 modems tell me that they didn't get it right
enough. I've seen a paper on V.29 error performance over cascaded
ADPCM lines, but I forget where.
>--
>Chip Rosenthal / chip@vector.Dallas.TX.US / Dallas Semiconductor /
214-450-5337

				Peter Desnoyers