richb@sunaus.oz (Rich Burridge) (12/27/89)
popi is a program for manipulating digital images. It was posted to
comp.sources.misc earlier this month.
**Note that popi was released to comp.sources.misc at patchlevel #2**
This is the second and final part of official patch #3.
Rich Burridge & Stephen Frede.
Rich Burridge, DOMAIN: richb@sunaus.oz.au
PHONE: +61 2 413 2666 UUCP: {uunet,mcvax,ukc}!munnari!sunaus.oz!richb
Stephen Frede, DOMAIN: stephenf@softway.oz.au
PHONE: +61 2 698 2322 UUCP: {uunet,mcvax,ukc}!munnari!softway.oz!stephenf
---- Cut Here and unpack ----
#!/bin/sh
# this is part 2 of a multipart archive
# do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
# file patch.3 continued
#
CurArch=2
if test ! -r s2_seq_.tmp
then echo "Please unpack part 1 first!"
exit 1; fi
( read Scheck
if test "$Scheck" != $CurArch
then echo "Please unpack part $Scheck next!"
exit 1;
else exit 0; fi
) < s2_seq_.tmp || exit 1
echo "x - Continuing file patch.3"
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> patch.3
X+
X+ tmp = CurOld->pix;
X+ CurOld->pix = img->pix;
X+ img->pix = tmp;
X+ }
X+ }
X+
X+ static void
X writeimg()
X {
X! struct SRC *img;
X
X if (parsefname() == 0)
X return;
X
X! if ((img = parseimg()) == (struct SRC *) 0)
X return;
X
X! putpix(img, text);
X }
X
X static void
X***************
X*** 743,749 ****
X if ((srcp = parseimg()) == (struct SRC *) 0)
X return;
X
X! if (srcp == &src[CUROLD] || srcp == &src[CURNEW])
X {
X SPRINTF(ErrBuf, "Cannot free 'old' or 'new'");
X error(0);
X--- 795,801 ----
X if ((srcp = parseimg()) == (struct SRC *) 0)
X return;
X
X! if (srcp == CurOld || srcp == CurNew)
X {
X SPRINTF(ErrBuf, "Cannot free 'old' or 'new'");
X error(0);
X***************
X*** 775,786 ****
X if (lat == '\n')
X {
X pushback(lat);
X! img = src[CUROLD].pix;
X }
X else if (lat == INAME)
X! img = src[lexval + 1].pix;
X else if (lat == NEW)
X! img = src[CURNEW].pix;
X else
X {
X SPRINTF(ErrBuf, "Expected +, - or image name");
X--- 827,838 ----
X if (lat == '\n')
X {
X pushback(lat);
X! img = CurOld->pix;
X }
X else if (lat == INAME)
X! img = Images[lexval].pix;
X else if (lat == NEW)
X! img = CurNew->pix;
X else
X {
X SPRINTF(ErrBuf, "Expected +, - or image name");
X***************
X*** 857,862 ****
X--- 909,934 ----
X }
X
X static void
X+ doparse()
X+ {
X+ FILE *RunStr;
X+
X+ if (parsefname() == 0)
X+ return;
X+
X+ if ((RunStr = fopen(text, "r")) == NULL)
X+ {
X+ SPRINTF(ErrBuf, "Can't open run file '%s'", text);
X+ error(ERR_SYS);
X+ return;
X+ }
X+
X+ parse(RunStr);
X+
X+ FCLOSE(RunStr);
X+ }
X+
X+ static void
X debug()
X {
X static char *buf = (char *) 0;
X***************
X*** 969,974 ****
X--- 1041,1048 ----
X { "help", help },
X { "free", freeimg },
X { "logfile", dolog },
X+ { "run", doparse },
X+ { "create", newimg },
X { (char *) 0, (void (*) P((void)) ) 0 }
X };
X
X
X------- atariterm.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1972 Wed Dec 27 12:13:51 1989
X--- atariterm.c Wed Dec 27 10:41:25 1989
X***************
X*** 47,53 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 47,52 ----
X***************
X*** 127,141 ****
X {
X return(getchar());
X }
X-
X-
X- void
X- disp_ungetc(c) /* Put back the last character typed. */
X- char c ;
X- {
X- UNGETC(c, stdin);
X- }
X-
X
X
X disp_prompt() /* Display popi prompt and clear input line. */
X--- 126,131 ----
X
X------- graphics.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1975 Wed Dec 27 12:13:52 1989
X--- graphics.c Wed Dec 27 10:43:30 1989
X***************
X*** 62,68 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype, pos) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 62,67 ----
X***************
X*** 148,162 ****
X tptr = 0 ;
X }
X return(nextline[tptr++]) ;
X- }
X-
X-
X- /*ARGSUSED*/
X- void
X- disp_ungetc(c) /* Put back the last character typed. */
X- char c ;
X- {
X- tptr-- ;
X }
X
X
X--- 147,152 ----
X
X------- nulldev.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1978 Wed Dec 27 12:13:53 1989
X--- nulldev.c Wed Dec 27 10:48:18 1989
X***************
X*** 30,36 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 30,35 ----
X***************
X*** 71,76 ****
X--- 70,76 ----
X }
X
X
X+ int
X disp_getchar() /* get next user typed character. */
X {
X return(getchar());
X***************
X*** 77,94 ****
X }
X
X
X! /*ARGSUSED*/
X! void
X! disp_ungetc(c) /* put back the last character typed. */
X! char c;
X! {
X! UNGETC(c, stdin);
X! }
X!
X!
X disp_prompt() /* display popi prompt. */
X {
X! char *prompt = "-> ";
X
X PRINTF(prompt);
X return sizeof prompt - 1;
X--- 77,86 ----
X }
X
X
X! int
X disp_prompt() /* display popi prompt. */
X {
X! static char prompt[] = "-> ";
X
X PRINTF(prompt);
X return sizeof prompt - 1;
X
X------- kerterm.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1981 Wed Dec 27 12:13:53 1989
X--- kerterm.c Wed Dec 27 10:45:58 1989
X***************
X*** 64,70 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 64,69 ----
X***************
X*** 201,215 ****
X {
X return(getchar());
X }
X-
X-
X- void
X- disp_ungetc(c) /* Put back the last character typed. */
X- char c ;
X- {
X- UNGETC(c, stdin);
X- }
X-
X
X
X disp_prompt() /* Display popi prompt and clear input line. */
X--- 200,205 ----
X
X------- graphics.h -------
X*** /tmp/da1984 Wed Dec 27 12:13:54 1989
X--- graphics.h Wed Dec 27 10:44:04 1989
X***************
X*** 17,22 ****
X--- 17,25 ----
X * (see README file) then an attempt will be made to fix them.
X */
X
X+ #define WRITE (void) write
X+ #define IOCTL (void) ioctl
X+
X /* External declarations for the variables declared in graphics.c. */
X
X extern char geometry[] ; /* X11 geometry information. */
X
X------- apollo.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1987 Wed Dec 27 12:13:55 1989
X--- apollo.c Wed Dec 27 10:40:40 1989
X***************
X*** 39,45 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 39,44 ----
X***************
X*** 175,189 ****
X disp_getchar() /* get next user typed character. */
X {
X return(getchar());
X- }
X-
X-
X- /*ARGSUSED*/
X- void
X- disp_ungetc(c) /* put back the last character typed. */
X- char c;
X- {
X- UNGETC(c, stdin);
X }
X
X
X--- 174,179 ----
X
X------- amiga.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1990 Wed Dec 27 12:13:55 1989
X--- amiga.c Wed Dec 27 10:39:50 1989
X***************
X*** 40,46 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 40,45 ----
X***************
X*** 138,152 ****
X disp_getchar() /* get next user typed character. */
X {
X return(getchar());
X- }
X-
X-
X- /*ARGSUSED*/
X- void
X- disp_ungetc(c) /* put back the last character typed. */
X- char c;
X- {
X- UNGETC(c, stdin);
X }
X
X
X--- 137,142 ----
X
X------- ibmpc.c -------
X*** /tmp/da1993 Wed Dec 27 12:13:56 1989
X--- ibmpc.c Wed Dec 27 10:44:40 1989
X***************
X*** 98,104 ****
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X- * disp_ungetc(c) - put back the last character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype,pos) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X--- 98,103 ----
X***************
X*** 115,120 ****
X--- 114,122 ----
X #define PAL_GETPALBLOCK 0x09 /* read all palette registers */
X #define PAL_GETDACBLOCK 0x17 /* read current VGA DAC values */
X #define PAL_SETDACBLOCK 0x12 /* set new VGA DAC values */
X+ #define VID_SETPIXEL 0x0C /* store pixel value */
X+ #define VID_DISPLAY 0x1A /* video display combination */
X+ #define VID_SUBSYSTEM 0x12 /* video subsystem configuration */
X
X /*
X * Arguments to the vid_vgapalette and vid_setpalette functions
X***************
X*** 180,192 ****
X {
X 0x06, 640, 200, 0xB800, 2, 0x2000, 8,
X },
X! #define VID_STD 2 /* Last standard adapter */
X /* From here on, adapters have no bios support. The bios
X * number will be stored in the appropriate place in the video
X * bios data area (this is useful eg if a mouse is being used,
X * so it gets the graphics cursor correct).
X */
X! #define VID_HGC 3
X {
X 0x06, 720, 348, 0xB000, 4, 0x2000, 8,
X },
X--- 182,202 ----
X {
X 0x06, 640, 200, 0xB800, 2, 0x2000, 8,
X },
X! #define VID_MDA 3
X! {
X! 0x06, 640, 200, 0xB800, 2, 0x2000, 8,
X! },
X! #define VID_MCGA 4
X! {
X! 0x06, 640, 200, 0xB800, 2, 0x2000, 8,
X! },
X! #define VID_STD 4 /* Last standard adapter */
X /* From here on, adapters have no bios support. The bios
X * number will be stored in the appropriate place in the video
X * bios data area (this is useful eg if a mouse is being used,
X * so it gets the graphics cursor correct).
X */
X! #define VID_HGC 5
X {
X 0x06, 720, 348, 0xB000, 4, 0x2000, 8,
X },
X***************
X*** 394,400 ****
X
X regs.h.ah = 0;
X regs.h.al = mode;
X! int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
X }
X
X static void
X--- 404,410 ----
X
X regs.h.ah = 0;
X regs.h.al = mode;
X! int86(BIOS_VIDFN, ®s, ®s);
X }
X
X static void
X***************
X*** 405,417 ****
X union REGS regs;
X
X regs.h.al = value;
X! regs.h.ah = 0x0C;
X! regs.h.bh = 0;
X regs.x.cx = (unsigned) x;
X regs.x.dx = (unsigned) y;
X! int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
X }
X
X /*
X * Detect installed graphics hardware.
X */
X--- 415,433 ----
X union REGS regs;
X
X regs.h.al = value;
X! regs.h.ah = VID_SETPIXEL;
X! regs.h.bh = 0; /* video page */
X regs.x.cx = (unsigned) x;
X regs.x.dx = (unsigned) y;
X! int86(BIOS_VIDFN, ®s, ®s);
X }
X
X+ static unsigned char
X+ vid_chkherc()
X+ {
X+ return VID_MDA;
X+ }
X+
X /*
X * Detect installed graphics hardware.
X */
X***************
X*** 418,426 ****
X static unsigned char
X vid_detect()
X {
X! /* Yes, well, when I get a chance I'll do this.
X! * Wait for the next release.
X! */
X return VID_NONE;
X }
X
X--- 434,483 ----
X static unsigned char
X vid_detect()
X {
X! union REGS regs;
X!
X! regs.h.ah = VID_DISPLAY;
X! regs.h.al = 0; /* get video display combination */
X! int86(BIOS_VIDFN, ®s, ®s);
X! if (regs.h.al == 0x1a)
X! {
X! /* VGA or MCGA present - what is the active display? */
X! switch(regs.h.bl)
X! {
X! case 1:
X! /* MDA or hercules */
X! return vid_chkherc();
X!
X! case 2:
X! return VID_CGA;
X!
X! case 4:
X! case 5:
X! return VID_EGA;
X!
X! case 7:
X! case 8:
X! return VID_VGA;
X!
X! case 10:
X! case 11:
X! case 12:
X! return VID_MCGA;
X!
X! default:
X! return VID_NONE;
X! }
X! }
X!
X! /* System doesn't have a VGA or MCGA - check for EGA */
X! regs.h.ah = VID_SUBSYSTEM;
X! regs.h.bl = 0x10; /* get video configuration information */
X! int86(BIOS_VIDFN, ®s, ®s);
X! if (regs.h.bl != 0x10)
X! {
X! /* EGA BIOS present */
X! return VID_EGA;
X! }
X return VID_NONE;
X }
X
X***************
X*** 782,799 ****
X }
X
X
X- /*ARGSUSED*/
X- void
X- disp_ungetc(c) /* put back the last character typed. */
X- int c;
X- {
X- UNGETC(c, stdin);
X- }
X-
X int
X disp_prompt() /* display popi prompt. */
X {
X! char *prompt = "-> ";
X
X PRINTF(prompt);
X return sizeof prompt - 1;
X--- 839,848 ----
X }
X
X
X int
X disp_prompt() /* display popi prompt. */
X {
X! static char prompt[] = "-> ";
X
X PRINTF(prompt);
X return sizeof prompt - 1;
SHAR_EOF
echo "File patch.3 is complete"
chmod 0644 patch.3 || echo "restore of patch.3 fails"
set `wc -c patch.3`;Sum=$1
if test "$Sum" != "60414"
then echo original size 60414, current size $Sum;fi
echo "x - extracting hp.c (Text)"
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > hp.c &&
X/*LINTLIBRARY*/
X
X/* @(#)hp.c 1.1 89/12/27
X *
X * Popi device driver for an HP display.
X * Written by Eric Haines - 3D/Eye Inc, Ithaca, NY
X *
X * Popi was originally written by Gerard J. Holzmann - AT&T Bell Labs.
X * This version is based on the code in his Prentice Hall book,
X * "Beyond Photography - the digital darkroom," ISBN 0-13-074410-7,
X * which is copyright (c) 1988 by Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.
X *
X * Permission is given to distribute these extensions, as long as these
X * introductory messages are not removed, and no monies are exchanged.
X *
X * No responsibility is taken for any errors or inaccuracies inherent
X * either to the comments or the code of this program, but if reported
X * (see README file) then an attempt will be made to fix them.
X */
X
X#include "popi.h"
X#include "graphics.h"
X#include <starbase.c.h>
X
X/* There are ten exportable routines used by the popi program.
X *
X * These are:
X *
X * disp_init(argc, argv) - called from main at the start.
X * disp_finish() - called from main prior to exit.
X * disp_imgstart() - called prior to drawing an image.
X * disp_imgend() - called after drawing an image.
X * disp_putline(line, y) - to draw an image scanline.
X * disp_getchar() - to get the next character typed.
X * disp_prompt() - display popi prompt and clear input buffer.
X * disp_error(errtype) - display error message.
X * disp_percentdone(n) - display percentage value of conversion.
X */
X
Xextern char *getenv();
X
X/* Default device names. To change, set the environment variables
X * OUTDEV and OUTDRIVER appropriately. See code in "devopen".
X */
Xchar default_indev[] = "/dev/hil2" ;
Xchar default_indriver[] = "hp-hil" ;
Xchar default_outdev[] = "/dev/hp98721" ;
Xchar default_outdriver[] = "hp98721" ;
X
Xint fd ;
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_init(argc,argv) /* called from main at the start. */
Xint argc;
Xchar *argv[];
X{
X fd = devopen(OUTDEV,INIT) ;
X if ( fd == -1 ) {
X printf("error opening output device\n" ) ;
X exit(1) ;
X }
X vdc_extent( fd, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.25, 1.0, 1.0 ) ;
X shade_mode( fd, CMAP_MONOTONIC | INIT ) ;
X make_picture_current( fd ) ;
X}
X
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_finish() /* called from main prior to exit. */
X{
X gclose( fd ) ;
X}
X
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_imgstart() /* called prior to drawing an image. */
X{
X}
X
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_imgend() /* called after drawing an image. */
X{
X}
X
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_putline(line, y) /* called to draw image scanline y. */
Xpixel_t *line;
Xint y;
X{
X dcblock_write( fd, 0,y,Xsize,1,line,0) ;
X}
X
X
Xdisp_getchar() /* get next user typed character. */
X{
X return(getchar());
X}
X
X
Xdisp_prompt() /* display popi prompt. */
X{
X PRINTF("-> ");
X return 3;
X}
X
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_error(errtype, pos) /* display error message. */
Xint errtype,
X pos;
X{
X extern int errno;
X extern char *sys_errlist[];
X
X if (errtype & ERR_PARSE)
X {
X int i;
X
X for (i=1; i < pos; ++i)
X PUTC('-', stderr);
X PUTC('^', stderr);
X PUTC('\n', stderr);
X }
X
X fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", ErrBuf);
X /* we assume errno hasn't been reset by the preceding output */
X if (errtype & ERR_SYS)
X fprintf(stderr, "\t(%s)\n", sys_errlist[errno]);
X}
X
Xvoid
Xdisp_percentdone(percent)
Xint percent;
X{
X static int lastpercent = 100;
X
X if (!Verbose)
X return;
X if (percent == 100)
X {
X printf("\r \n");
X return;
X }
X if (percent != lastpercent && percent % 5 == 0)
X {
X printf("\r%2d%% ", percent);
X fflush(stdout);
X lastpercent = percent;
X }
X}
X
Xint devopen(dev_kind,init_mode)
Xint dev_kind,init_mode;
X{
Xchar *dev, *driver;
Xint fildes ;
X
X if ( dev_kind == OUTDEV ) {
X dev = getenv("OUTDEV");
X if (!dev) dev = default_outdev ;
X driver = getenv("OUTDRIVER");
X if (!driver) driver = default_outdriver ;
X } else {
X dev = getenv("INDEV");
X if (!dev) dev = default_indev ;
X driver = getenv("INDRIVER");
X if (!driver) driver = default_indriver ;
X }
X
X fildes = gopen(dev,dev_kind,driver,init_mode);
X
X return(fildes) ;
X}
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0444 hp.c || echo "restore of hp.c fails"
set `wc -c hp.c`;Sum=$1
if test "$Sum" != "4087"
then echo original size 4087, current size $Sum;fi
echo "x - extracting popi.man (Text)"
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > popi.man &&
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
XNAME
X popi - perform interactive digital image transformations
X
XSYNOPSIS
X popi [option] ... [file] ...
X
XDESCRIPTION
X Popi is a program which allows arbitrary transformations to
X be interactively applied to digital images. It is based on
X the program described in "Beyond Photography - The Digital
X Darkroom" by Gerald J. Holzmann. The meanings of the avail-
X able command line options are as follows:
X
X -V Print program version identification message and exit.
X
X -xWidth
X Set the image width (number of pixels per scanline) to
X Width .
X
X -yHeight
X Set the image height (number of scanlines) to Height .
X
X -v+ Set the verbose flag on. Be chatty about a number of
X things.
X
X -v- Turn the verbose flag off. Be silent about everything
X except error messages.
X
X -a+ Turn auto-display on. After each image transformation,
X the image will be displayed. Equivalent to the
X #display + command.
X
X -a- Turn auto-display off. Equivalent to the #display -
X command. Images can still be displayed explicitly with
X the #display image command.
X
X -p[ncpus]
X On a Sequent multiprocessor, use the specified number
X of cpus to perform the transform. If this option is
X given without a number, the maximum number available is
X used. This option has no effect on uniprocessor com-
X puters.
X
X -l[logfile]
X Enables logging of all input, error messages, and some
X responses. Logging is done on the named file, or the
X file "popi.log" if no name is given. The #logfile com-
X mand may also be used to turn logging on and off. An
X image transform is described by a transform statement.
X The statement basically takes the form
X
X dest = expression
X
X
X
X
X Sun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X POPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X where dest indicates the new image and expression
X describes a transformation. This statement is executed
X over the range of image coordinates. For a 512 x 512
X image, it will be executed 262144 times. An image is
X normally referenced in a statement by its name and an
X index. A cartesian index is specified by using the x
X and y coordinates in square brackets after the image
X name. Thus dmr[0,0] is the top left pixel in the image
X named dmr. Polar coordinates may be specified by giving
X a radius and angle (in degrees) in curly brackets.
X Thus dmr{0,0} refers to the centre pixel in the image.
X The symbols x and y may appear in the transform state-
X ment. These take on values corresponding to a dif-
X ferent pixel each time the transform is executed.
X Internally the algorithm is as follows
X
X for y varying from 0 to Y
X for x varying from 0 to X
X execute transform statement
X
X where Y is the maximum y coordinate and X is the max-
X imum x coordinate. The image size can be set on the
X command line as described later. The value of a pixel
X varies from 0 to 255 in the current implementation.
X Any value outside this range is treated as modulo 256
X when being stored in an image (ie. it wraps around).
X Low numeric values represent dark colours, while large
X values represent light colours. A simple transform
X statement to set an image to completely black would be
X
X new[x,y] = 0 ; set image to black
X
X The name new is one of the two default images always
X maintained internally. The other is old. The images
X referred to by these names are swapped after each
X operation, so a succession of transforms may modify the
X "old" image to produce a "new" image. Thus the state-
X ment
X
X new[x,y] = old[x,y] / 2 ; darken image
X
X will reduce all the pixel intensity values by a half,
X darkening the existing image. The semicolon (`;')
X character introduces a comment. Anything from this to
X the end of the line is ignored. All the standard
X arithmetic, relational and boolean operators from the C
X language are available, with precedence generally as
X per the C language. Some additional operators, prede-
X fined variables and math functions are also available.
X Here is a listing of the available symbols and their
X meanings.
X
X name Refers to an image name. If not followed by index
X brackets, the index [x,y] is assumed. The currently
X available names are those shown by the #list display,
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 2
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X and also old and new.
X
X $n Where n is a digit, this is an alternative method of
X referring to an image. In fact this may be the only
X method if the image name contains punctuation charac-
X ters. The #list command shows the correspondence
X between image names and this form of reference.
X
X X The maximum x coordinate value. This is one less than
X the number of pixels per scanline (image width), which
X may be set with the -x command line option.
X
X Y The maximum y coordinate value. This is one less than
X the number of scanlines (the height of the image),
X which may be set with the -y command line option.
X
X x The current cartesian x coordinate. Varies from 0
X (left of image) to X (right of image).
X
X y The current cartesian y coordinate. Varies from 0 (top
X of image) to Y (bottom of image).
X
X r The radius component of the polar coordinate which
X corresponds to the current cartesian (x,y) coordinate.
X This is equivalent to sqrt(x*x + y*y) with a transla-
X tion of the origin.
X
X a The angle component of the polar coordinate which
X corresponds to the current cartesian (x,y) coordinate.
X This is equivalent to (and a shorthand for) atan(y/x).
X
X Note that the first time in a popi session you use an
X expression with either r or a in it, you may notice an
X extra delay before the image transformation begins.
X This is due to precalculation of an array of polar
X coordinates that happens the first time you use one.
X
X R The maximum radius value of a polar coordinate.
X
X A The maximum angle value of a polar coordinate (this is
X just 360).
X
X Z The maximum intensity value of a pixel (corresponding
X to white). Currently, this is always 255.
X
X ** The exponentiation (raise to the power) operator. The
X expression x ** 2 means x squared (x * x).
X
X * The multiplication operator. This has a higher pre-
X cedence than division to avoid underflow in expressions
X with multiplication and division, since normally
X expressions are evaluated as integers.
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 3
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X / Integer division. If the divisor is 0, the result is
X set to Z.
X
X % Modulo. If the divisor (right hand operand) is 0, the
X result is set to 0.
X
X + Addition.
X
X - Subtraction. This may be a unary or a binary operator.
X
X << Left shift. The left operand is shifted left the
X number of bits specified by the right operand.
X
X >> Right shift. The left operand is shifted right the
X number of bits specified by the right operand.
X
X > Greater than. As with all the relational operators, if
X the specified relation between the operands is true,
X the result is 1, otherwise the result is 0.
X
X < Less than.
X
X >= Greater than or equal to.
X
X <= Less than or equal to.
X
X == Test for equality.
X
X != Not equal to.
X
X & Bitwise (arithmetic) AND operator.
X
X ^ Bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) operator.
X
X | Bitwise (arithmetic) OR operator.
X
X && Logical AND operator. The result is 1 if both of the
X operands are true (non-zero); otherwise the result is
X 0. Unlike the && operator of the C language, this
X operator is currently not conditional. Both operands
X are always evaluated.
X
X || Logical OR operator. The result is 1 if both either
X (or both) of the operands are true (non-zero); other-
X wise the result is 0. Unlike the || operator of the C
X language, this operator is currently not conditional.
X Both operands are always evaluated.
X
X sin(expr)
X This gives the value of the trigonometric sine of the
X expression, multiplied by Z. This is required because
X all operations are performed with integers.
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 4
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X cos(expr)
X This gives the value of the trigonometric cosine of the
X expression, multiplied by Z. This is required because
X all operations are performed with integers.
X
X atan(y-expr,x-expr)
X This returns the trigonometric arctangent (inverse
X tangent) of y-expr/x-expr in degrees (ie the value
X returned will be between 0 and 360).
X
X log(expr)
X Returns the natural logarithm of the expression.
X
X sqrt(expr)
X Returns the square root of the expression.
X
X rand()
X Returns a positive random number. This will usually be
X used with the modulo or bitwise AND operator to res-
X trict the range of the result. For example,
X
X new[x,y] = old[x,y] + rand() % 20 - 10
X
X will adjust the brightness levels of each pixel in the
X old image by a random amount (up to 10 levels brighter
X or darker). As well as allowing transformation state-
X ments, a number of special commands, each starting with
X a # character, are allowed. These are described here.
X
X #read "filename" [image-name]
X Read a raw data file into the named image. If no image
X name is specified, the name is derived from the base
X name component of the filename. If the name already
X exists, that image is overwritten in memory, otherwise
X a new image is created. If the filename does not
X exist, but the same name with a ".Z" suffix does exist,
X it is assumed that the file is compressed and the
X "zcat" program is used to read the compressed image.
X Note that when the image name defaults to the file
X name, only the basename (portion after the last '/'
X character, if any) is used to name the image. If this
X resulting name starts with a digit, or contains any
X characters other than alphabetic, digits and the under-
X score, you will not be able to reference the image by
X name, but will have to use the alternative "$n" syntax.
X
X #write "filename" [image-name]
X Write a raw data file from the named image. The image
X name is optional, and if not specified, image "old" is
X used. If the first character of the filename is `|',
X the rest of the filename is interpreted as a command to
X be run, with the raw image data being fed to it as
X standard input.
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 5
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X #list
X All the named images (other than "old" and "new" are
X listed).
X
X #genps "filename" [image-name]
X Generate postscript to produce the image. The image
X name is optional, and if not specified, image "old" is
X used. The image will be scaled to fit whatever paper
X size is being used. As with the #write command, if the
X first character of the filename is a `|' symbol, the
X rest of the string will be treated as a command to be
X executed, with the postscript being piped to its stan-
X dard input. This is convenient for printing images on
X a PostScript printer.
X
X #undo
X The old and new images are swapped. This has the
X effect of restoring the image that existed before the
X last transformation.
X
X #genepson "filename" [image-name]
X Generate data for an Epson (or compatible) printer to
X produce the image. The image name is optional, and if
X not specified, image "old" is used. Under MSDOS, the
X device name can be used directly (eg "PRN").
X
X The existing code is for a 24-pin printer such as the
X LQ-500. To generate data for an 8-pin printer requires
X a couple of minor modifications to function genepson()
X in file special.c.
X
X #undo
X The old and new images are swapped. This has the
X effect of restoring the image that existed before the
X last transformation.
X
X #display image-name
X The named image will be displayed. This is the fastest
X way to display an image, and works regardless of the
X state of auto-display.
X
X #display +
X Turn auto-display on (equivalent to the command-line
X option -a+ ).
X
X #display -
X Turn auto-display off (equivalent to the command-line
X option -a- ).
X
X #truncate +
X All assignments to an image with values outside the
X range 0 to Z will be truncated to the appropriate
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 6
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X boundary, instead of wrapping as described in the book.
X An example of using this feature would be for a
X simplistic lightening of an image by adding a constant
X value. Normally, very white areas would wrap around
X and become black, but enabling truncation prevents
X this.
X
X #truncate -
X All assignments to an image will be done modulo (Z+1).
X This is the default.
X
X #truncate
X Report whether truncation is currently in effect or
X not.
X
X #verbose +
X Turn on verbose mode. Equivalent to the -v+command
X Certain warning messages will be printed. This turns
X on the "percent done" feature of some drivers (on oth-
X ers it is always active).
X
X #verbose -
X Turn off verbose mode. Equivalent to the -v-command
X
X #verbose
X Report the state of the verbose flag.
X
X #logfile +
X Enable logging on the current log file (default
X "popi.log"). If logging is already enabled, the file
X is closed and re-opened with a new timestamp appended.
X
X #logfile -
X Disable logging"
X
X #logfile "filename"
X Enable logging on the specified file.
X
X Whenever a log file is opened, it is always opened in
X append mode, so existing data is never truncated. Upon
X opening a log file, a timestamp is written. All user
X input is logged, along with error messages and some
X program responses.
X
X #create imagename
X Memory is allocated for a new image. This image is then
X swapped with the current image (the result of the last
X transformation).
X
X #run "filename"
X Commands are read and executed from the given filename.
X
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 7
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X #free imagename
X The memory associated with the named image is freed.
X Any further access to this image becomes impossible.
X This command may be useful in situations where memory
X is very limited, such as a PC. The remaining special
X commands are used to obtain special built-in transfor-
X mations, as described in Chapter 6 of "Beyond Photogra-
X phy". In each of these cases, the image name is
X optional, and defaults to "old". In each case (except
X for #melt), the result is stored in "new", and then
X "old" and "new" are swapped as usual. In the case of
X #melt, the transformation is done in place and no swap
X occurs.
X
X #oil image-name
X
X #shear image-name
X
X #slice image-name
X
X #tile image-name
X
X #melt image-name
X
X #matte image-name gamma
X In this case, gamma is an optional floating point
X number (defaults to 7.5). See the book for details.
X
XDIFFERENCES
X There are a number of differences between the Pico inter-
X preter, for which the examples in the book are written, and
X the Popi interpreter as implemented here. Integer evalua-
X tion stack. The current version of the interpreter has an
X integer evaluation stack. For this reason, the sin() and
X cos() functions, have their results multiplied by Z automat-
X ically in order to be significant. A future version of the
X interpreter will provide the option for a floating point
X stack, and a syntax which will handle both cases. Polar
X coordinates. In the book, both cartesian and polar coordi-
X nates are specified with square brackets. The decision of
X whether to interpret the indices as polar or cartesian is
X based on context; if the symbols r and a are used in the
X index expressions, the coordinates are interpreted as polar,
X otherwise they are interpreted as rectangular. Thus, in
X order to use a radius or angle in a cartesian coordinate
X expression, it must be cast, as is done on page 48 of the
X book. By providing a separate syntax for polar and carte-
X sian coordinate references, the problem never occurs.
X
XEXAMPLES
X These examples are mainly taken from the book, with syntax
X modifications where required. The images in the book are
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 8
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X usually 1000 x 1000 pixels. To produce the same results on
X a smaller image, you may need to multiply any occurences of
X x, y and r by an appropriate scaling factor. The first
X example image generation in the book is
X
X new[x,y] = x + y ; page 17 (3.1)
X
X which produces a number of diagonal stripes, each fading
X from black to white. On a 512 x 512 image, to get the same
X number of stripes, use the transform
X
X new[x,y] = x*2 + y*2
X
X A series of ripples can be produced with
X
X new[x,y] = (x * y) % (Z + 1) ; page 18 (3.2)
X
X or more simply, because all brightness values are inherently
X modulo (Z + 1) unless truncation is turned on
X
X new[x,y] = x * y
X
X A single smooth transition can be accomplished with
X
X new[x,y] = (Z * x * y) / ((X-1) * (Y-1)) ; page 18 (3.3)
X
X The transformation
X
X new[x,y] = x % y
X
X is the same as new[x,y] = x when x < 0 (ie in the lower left
X triangle of the image, with a different effect in the upper
X right half. The trig functions allow transforms such as
X
X new[x,y] = y + sin(x) / 2 ; page 19 (3.5)
X
X which produce a series of sine waves (remember that the
X range of sin(x) is +-Z. An image reminiscent of a radar
X sweep can be produced by
X
X new[x,y] = atan(y - Y/2, x - X/2) * Z / 360 ; page 19 (3.6)
X
X The atan() function has a range of 0 .. 360, so the *Z/360
X rescales to 0 .. Z. This transform is overall providing an
X intensity relative to the angle of a point in polar coordi-
X nates. The transform language provides the current angle as
X the variable a, so this statement can be rewritten as
X
X new[x,y] = a * Z / 360
X
X Polar coordinates can be used to produce an image which
X varies from black in the centre to white on the outside
X
X new[x,y] = r * Z / R ; page 21 (3.11)
X
X or a spiraling effect
X
X new[x,y] = (((a + r) % 16) - 8) * Z / 16 + Z/2 ; page 21 (3.12)
X
X The conditional operator can be used to provide a filled
X black circle
X
X new[x,y] = r > R/2 ? 0 : Z
X
X
X
X
X Sun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 9
X
X
X
X
X
X
X POPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X or black and white patterns such as
X
X new[x,y] = ((x % (5 + y/25)) > 5) ? 0 : Z ; page 20 (3.9)
X new[x,y] = (Z * abs(x % sin(y)) > 10) ? 0 : Z ; page 20 (3.10)
X
X We can also modify existing images using these transforms.
X The previous image can always be referred to as old, or an
X explicitly named image can be used. We can read an image
X (eg of Dennis Ritchie) using
X
X #read "dmr" ; read the image in the file "dmr" and name it dmr.
X
X and then use it in a transform, such as
X
X new[x,y] = Z - dmr[x,y] ; page 22 (3.13)
X
X This produces a negative, which can be written to a file
X with
X
X #write "dmr neg"
X
X or converted to PostScript and printed with
X
X #genps "| lp -dalw"
X
X Since the new image built during a transformation becomes
X the old image of the following transform, the negative image
X can be re-reversed to produce the original with
X
X new[x,y] = Z - old[x,y] ; reverse the process
X
X In the following examples, we will use old in most of the
X transforms, rather than a particular image name. In prac-
X tice, you would probably use a specifically named image
X instead. Provide a circular frame for an image
X
X new[x,y] = r > R/2 ? 0 : old[x,y]
X
X A solarisation process, that fades in from left to right
X
X new[x,y] = (old[x,y] > (Z*x) / (2 * X)) ? old[x,y] : Z-old[x,y] ; page 22 (3.16)
X
X Generate a relief map
X
X new[x,y] = old[x,y] + (Z/2 - old[x+2,y+2]) ; page 24 (3.19)
X
X Shrink an image
X
X new[x,y] = old[x*2,y*2] ; page 25 (3.24)
X
X An interesting caricature is produced by
X
X new[x,y] = old{sqrt(r * R),a} ; page 34
X
X Note the use of polar coordinates. The reverse transform
X gives a fisheye lens effect:
X
X new[x,y] = old{(r*r)/R, a} ; page 60
X
X The following transform illustrates how an expression can be
X used for the indices of the destination matrix.
X
X new[x, y-old[x,y]/4] = old[x,y] ; page 40
X
X An image can be swirled about the centre with
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 10
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X new[x,y] = old{r, a + r/3}
X
X The following transform uses polar coordinate values in a
X cartesian reference, resulting in something that looks like
X what you'd see in a cylindrical mirror
X
X new[x,y] = old[a * X/A, r * Y/R] ; page 48
X
X The image generated by
X
X new[x,y] = old{ (r/16)*16, (a/16)*16 } ; page 72
X
X is very interesting, in that it is completely unrecognisable
X when viewed up close, but from a distance of a few metres it
X will resolve into the original.
X
X new[x,y] = old{r, a + old{r,a}/8} ; page 68
X
X This image is a swirl, but with the skew dependant on the
X brightness of the current point.
X
X new[x,y] = x < X/2 ? old[x,y] : old[X-x,y]
X new[x,y] = x > X/2 ? old[x,y] : old[X-x,y]
X
X These transformations do a horizontal mirror reversal about
X the centre of the image. Because faces are usually close
X to, but not exactly, centered, this transform of a face can
X be interesting.
X
X new[x,y] = old[x+(x%32)-16, y] ; page 58
X new[x,y] = old[x+((a+r/10)%32)-16, y]
X
X These transforms applied to a face produce what looks like
X someone peering through a bathroom window.
X
XDRIVERS
X nulldev
X The null device driver is mainly for people with no
X graphics display device for which a driver exists.
X Using this device, data for a PostScript or Epson
X printer can still be generated.
X
X atariterm
X The atari driver is for use with "TERM", a multiplexing
X terminal program for the Atari ST, written by Peter
X Collinson of the University of Kent at Canterbury. It
X is not a driver for running native on an atari.
X
X kermit
X This is a driver for MS-Kermit 2.32 on an IBM PC, which
X is capable of emulating a Tektronix 4010. This provides
X three levels of contrast (nothing, normal and bold).
X
X MGR This driver is for the Bell Core MGR window system. It
X is visually identical to the SunView version, but is
X currently hardwired to monochrome.
X
X NeWS This is the driver that will work with NeWS v1.1 and
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 11
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X OpenWindows v1.0. It is also visually identical to the
X SunView version.
X
X pcturbo
X This is a driver for running popi native on a PC with
X Borland's Turbo C compiler. It uses the graphics
X library supplied with Turbo C, which auto-detects most
X types of graphics display. No attempt at using a
X colourmap is done - a single display dot is used for
X each image pixel, with simple dithering. Only directly
X accesible memory is used, which drastically restricts
X the size of images that can be handled.
X
X SunView
X This driver is the initial version to work with the
X SunView graphics package available on Sun Workstations.
X There is currently minimal functionality. The output
X is in 256 greyscales on colour machines, and an 8x8
X dither on monochrome screens.
X
X X11 A graphics implementation for use with MIT's X11 window
X system. This driver is visually identical to the Sun-
X View version.
X
X XView
X A conversion of the SunView graphics driver to use the
X XView X11 toolkit. This driver is visually identical to
X the SunView version.
X
XSEE ALSO
X ipscript(1L), imavg(1L).
X
XAUTHOR
X Gerald J. Holzmann, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New
X Jersey.
X
X Modifications and additional functionality, Atari, PC,
X PostScript, Epson and null drivers by Stephen Frede, Softway
X Pty Ltd, Australia.
X Popi maintainance, SunView, X11, NeWS, MGR and XView graph-
X ics drivers by Rich Burridge, Sun Microsystems, Australia.
X Kermit graphics driver by Frank Crawford, Q.H. Tours.
X Amiga graphics driver by Peter Chubb, Softway Pty Ltd, Aus-
X tralia.
X Apollo driver by Tim Lambert, University of New South Wales.
X HP driver by Eric Haines, 3D/Eye Inc, Ithaca, NY.
X
XBUGS
X Functions which require popen() (ie auto reading of
X compressed files and writing to pipes) don't work in the
X sequent multiprocessor version.
X
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 12
X
X
X
X
X
X
XPOPI(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES POPI(1L)
X
X
X
X Probably more - please notify richb@sunaus.oz.au of any
X found.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XSun Release 4.0 Last change: 20 December 1989 13
X
X
X
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0444 popi.man || echo "restore of popi.man fails"
set `wc -c popi.man`;Sum=$1
if test "$Sum" != "28800"
then echo original size 28800, current size $Sum;fi
rm -f s2_seq_.tmp
echo "You have unpacked the last part"
exit 0