eric@snark.thyrsus.com (Eric S. Raymond) (12/16/90)
---- Cut Here and unpack ---- #!/bin/sh # This is a shell archive (shar 3.10) # made 12/16/1990 02:58 UTC by eric@snark.thyrsus.com # Source directory /usr2/eric/jargon # # existing files WILL be overwritten # # This shar contains: # length mode name # ------ ---------- ------------------------------------------ # 53809 -rw-r--r-- jsplit.ad # touch 2>&1 | fgrep '[-amc]' > /tmp/s3_touch$$ if [ -s /tmp/s3_touch$$ ] then TOUCH=can else TOUCH=cannot fi rm -f /tmp/s3_touch$$ # ============= jsplit.ad ============== sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > jsplit.ad && X { X case GREEN: X do_green(); X break; X case PINK: X do_pink(); X X case RED: X do_red(); X break; X default: X do_blue(); X break; X } X X The effect of this code is to do_green() when color is GREEN, X do_red() when color is RED, do_blue() on any other color than PINK, X and (this is the important part) do_pink() and *then* do_red() when X color is PINK. It is considered good practice to include a comment X highlighting the fall through, at ytje point one would normally X expect a break. X XFANDANGO ON CORE [UNIX/C hackers, from the Mexican dance] n. In C, a X wild pointer that runs out of bounds causing a CORE DUMP, or X corrupts the malloc(3) ARENA in such a way as to cause mysterious X failures later on, is sometimes said to have `done a fandango on X core'. On low-end personal machines without an MMU this can X corrupt the OS itself, causing massive lossage. Other third-world X dances such as the rhumba, cha-cha or watusi may be substituted. X See ALIASING BUG, PRECEDENCE LOSSAGE, SMASH THE STACK, MEMORY LEAK, X OVERRUN SCREW, CORE. X XFAQ LIST /ef-ay-kyoo list/ [Usenix] n. Compendium of accumulated lore, X posted periodically to high-volume newsgroups in an attempt to X forestall Frequently Asked Questions. X The jargon file itself serves as a good example of a collection X of one kind of lore, although it is far too big for a regular X posting. Several extant FAQ lists do (or should) make reference X to the jargon file. "How do you pronounce `char'?" and "What's X that funny name for the `#' character?" are, for example, both X Frequently Asked Questions. X XFASCIST adj. Said of a computer system with excessive or annoying X security barriers, usage limits or access policies. The X implication is that said policies are preventing hackers from X getting interesting work done. The variant "fascistic" seens to X have been preferred at MIT, poss. by analogy with TOURISTIC. X XFAULTY adj. Non-functional; buggy. Same denotation as "bagbiting", X "bletcherous", "losing", q.v., but the connotation is much X milder. X XFD LEAK /ef dee leek/ n. A kind of programming bug analogous to a CORE X LEAK, in which a program fails to close file descriptors ("fd"s) X after file operations are completed, and thus eventually runs out. X See LEAK. X XFEAR AND LOATHING [from Hunter Thompson] n. State inspired by the X prospect of dealing with certain REAL WORLD systems and standards X which are totally BRAIN DAMAGED but ubiquitous --- Intel 8086s, or X COBOL, or any IBM machine except the Rios (aka the RS/6000). "Ack. X They want PCs to be able to talk to the AI machine. Fear and X loathing time!" See also IBM. X XFEATURE n. 1. An intended property or behavior (as of a program). X Whether it is good or not is immaterial. 2. A good property or X behavior (as of a program). Whether it was intended or not is X immaterial. 3. A surprising property or behavior; in particular, X one that is purposely inconsistent because it works better that X way. For example, in some versions of the EMACS text editor, the X "transpose characters" command exchanges the two characters on X either side of the cursor on the screen, *except* when the cursor X is at the end of a line, in which case the two characters before X the curspor are exchanged. While this behavior is perhaps X surprising, and certainly inconsistent, it has been found through X extensive experimentation to be what most users want; the X inconsistency is therefore a FEATURE and not a BUG. 4. A property X or behavior that is gratuitous or unnecessary, though perhaps also X impressive or cute. For example, one feature of the MACLISP X language is the ability to print numbers as Roman numerals. See X BELLS AND WHISTLES. 5. A property or behavior that was put in to X help someone else but that happens to be in your way. 6. A BUG that X has been documented. To call something a feature sometimes means X the author of the program did not consider the particular case, and X the program responded in a way that was unexpected, but not X strictly incorrect. A standard joke is that a BUG can be turned X into a FEATURE simply by documenting it (then theoretically no one X can complain about it because it's in the manual), or even by X simply declaring it to be good. "That's not a bug, that's a X feature!" See also FEETCH FEETCH. X XFEATURECTOMY /fee`ch@r-ek'to-mee/ n. The act of removing a feature X from a program. Featurectomies generally come in two varieties, X the RIGHTEOUS and the RELUCTANT. Righteous featurectomies are X performed because the remover believes the program would be more X elegant without the feature, or there is already an equivalent and X "better" way to achieve the same end. (This is not quite the X same thing as removing a MISFEATURE.) Reluctant featurectomies are X performed to satisfy some external constraint such as code size or X execution speed. X XFEEP /feep/ 1. n. The soft bell of a display terminal (except for a X VT-52!); a beep. 2. vi. To cause the display to make a feep sound. X TTY's do not have feeps; they have mechanical bells that ring. X Alternate forms: BEEP, BLEEP, or just about anything suitably X onomatopoeic. (Jeff Macnelly, in his comic strip `Shoe', uses the X word `eep' for sounds made by computer terminals and video games; X this is perhaps the closest written approximation yet.) The term X BREEDLE was sometimes heard at SAIL, where the terminal bleepers X are not particularly "soft" (they sound more like the musical X equivalent of a raspberry or Bronx cheer; for a close X approximation, imagine the sound of a Star Trek communicator's beep X lasting for five seconds.). The "feeper" on a VT-52 has been X compared to the sound of a '52 Chevy stripping its gears. See also X DING. X XFEEPER /fee'pr/ n. The device in a terminal or workstation (usually a X loudspeaker of some kind) that makes the FEEP sound. X XFEEPING CREATURITIS /fee'ping kree`ch@r-ie'tis/ n. Deliberate X spoonerization of CREEPING FEATURITIS, meant to imply that the X system or program in question has become a misshapen creature of X hacks.This term isn't really well-defined, but it sounds so neat X that most hackers have said or heard it. It probably derives from X an image of terminals prowling about in the dark making their X customary noises. X XFEETCH FEETCH interj. If someone tells you about some new improvement X to a program, you might respond, "Feetch, feetch!" The meaning X of this depends critically on vocal inflection. With enthusiasm, X it means something like, "Boy, that's great! What a great hack!" X Grudgingly or with obvious doubt, it means "I don't know; it X sounds like just one more unnecessary and complicated thing." X With a tone of resignation, it means, "Well, I'd rather keep it X simple, but I suppose it has to be done." X XFENCEPOST ERROR n. 1. The discrete equivalent of a boundary condition. X Often exhibited in programs by iterative loops. From the following X problem: "If you build a fence 100 feet long with posts ten feet X apart, how many posts do you need?" (Either 9 or 11 is a better X answer than the obvious 10.) For example, suppose you have a long X list or array of items, and want to process items m through n; how X many items are there? The obvious answer is n - m, but that is off X by one; the right answer is n - m + 1. A program that used the X "obvious" formula would have a fencepost error in it. See also X OFF-BY-ONE ERROR, and note that not all off-by-one errors are X fencepost errors. The game of Musical Chairs involves an X off-by-one problem where N people try to sit in N-1 chairs, but X it's not a fencepost error. Fencepost errors come from counting X things rather than the spaces between them, or vice versa, or by X neglecting to consider whether one should count one or both ends of X a row. 2. Occasionally, an error induced by unexpectedly regular X spacing of inputs, which can (for instance) screw up your hash X table. X XFIELD CIRCUS [a derogatory pun on "field service"] n. The field X service organization of any hardware manufacturer, but especially X DEC. There is an entire genre of jokes about DEC field circus X engineers: X X Q: How can you recognize a DEC field circus engineer with a flat X tire? X A: He's swapping tires to see which one is flat. X X Q: How can you recognize a DEC field circus engineer who is out X of gas? X A: He's swapping tires to see which one is flat. X XFILK /filk/ [from SF fandom, where a typo for "folk" was adopted as X a new word] n.,v. A "filk" is a popular or folk song with lyrics X revised or completely new lyrics, intended for humorous effect when X read and/or to be sung late at night at SF conventions. There is a X flourishing subgenre of these called "computer filks", written by X hackers and often containing technical humor of quite sophisticated X nature. See DOUBLE BUCKY for an example. X XFILM AT 11 [MIT, in parody of TV newscasters], interj. Used in X conversation to announce ordinary events, with a sarcastic X implication that these events are earth-shattering. "ITS crashes; X film at 11." "Bug found in scheduler; film at 11." X XFILTER [orig. UNIX, now also in MS-DOS] n. A program which processes X an input text stream into an output text stream in some X well-defined way, and does no I/O to anywhere else except possibly X on error conditions; one designed to be used as a stage in a X PIPELINE (q.v.). X XFINE [WPI] adj. Good, but not good enough to be CUSPY. The word FINE X is used elsewhere, of course, but without the implicit comparison X to the higher level implied by CUSPY. X XFINGER [SAIL's ITS, via BSD UNIX] 1. n. A program that displays a X particular user or all users logged on the system or a remote X system. Typically shows full name, last login time, idle time, X terminal line and terminal location. May also display a "plan X file" left by the user. 2. vt. To apply finger to a username. 3. X v. By extension, to check a human's current state by any means. X "Foodp?" "T!" "OK, finger Lisa and see if she's idle". X XFIREBOTTLE n. A large, primitive, power-hungry active electrical X device, similar to an FET constructed out of glass, metal, and X vacuum. Characterized by high cost, low density, low reliability, X high-temperature operation, and high power dissipation. Sometimes X mistakenly called a "tube" in the U.S. or a "valve" in England. X XFIREFIGHTING n. The act of throwing lots of manpower and late nights X at a project to get it out before deadline. X XFIREWALL MACHINE n. A dedicated gateway machine with special security X precautions on it, used to service outside network/mail/news X connections and/or accept remote logins for (read only) X shared-file-system access via FTP. The idea is to protect a X cluster of more loosely administered machines `hidden' behind it X from crackers. The typical `firewall' is an inexpensive X micro-based UNIX box kept clean of critical data, with a bunch of X modems and public network ports on it but just one carefully X watched connection back to the rest of the cluster. The special X precautions may include threat monitoring, callback, and even a X complete IRON BOX keyable to particular incoming IDs or activity X patterns. Syn. FLYTRAP, VENUS FLYTRAP. X XFIRMWARE n. Software installed into a computer-based piece of X equipment on ROM. So-called because it's harder to change than X software but easier than hardware. X XFLAG n. A variable or quantity that can take on one of two values; a X bit, particularly one that is used to indicate one of two outcomes X or is used to control which of two things is to be done. Examples: X "This flag controls whether to clear the screen before printing X the message." "The program status word contains several flag X bits." See also BIT. X XFLAG DAY n. A software change which is neither forward nor backward X compatible, and which is costly to make and costly to revert. X "Can we install that without causing a flag day for all users?" X This term has nothing to do with the use of the word FLAG to mean a X variable that has two values. It came into use when a massive X change was made to the MULTICS timesharing system to convert from X the old ASCII code to the new one; this was scheduled for Flag Day, X June 14, 1966. X XFLAKEY, FLAKY adj. Subject to frequent lossages. See LOSSAGE. This X use is of course related to the common slang use of the word, to X describe a person as eccentric or crazy. A system that is flakey X is working, sort of, enough that you are tempted to try to use it, X but it fails frequently enough that the odds in favor of finishing X what you start are low. Commonwealth hackish prefers DODGY (q.v.). X XFLAMAGE /flay'm@j/ n. High-noise, low-signal postings to USENET or X other electronic fora. Often in the phrase "the usual flamage". X XFLAME 1. vi. To speak incessantly and/or rabidly on some relatively X uninteresting subject or with a patently ridiculous attitude. When X a discussion degenerates into useless controversy, one might tell X the participants, "Now you're just flaming" or "Stop all that X flamage!" to try to get them to cool down (so to speak). 2. To X post an email message intended to insult and provoke. FLAME ON: vi. X To continue to flame. See RAVE, BURBLE. The punning reference to X Marvel comics's Human Torch has been lost as recent usage completes X the circle: "Flame on" now usually means "beginning of flame". X X A USENETter who was at WPI from 1972 to 1976 adds: I am 99% certain X that the use of "FLAME" originated at WPI. Those who made a X nuisance of themselves insisting that they needed to use a TTY for X "real work" came to be known as "flaming asshole lusers". Other, X particularly annoying people became "flaming asshole ravers", which X shortened to "flaming ravers", and ultimately "flamers". I X remember someone picking up on the Human Torch pun, but I don't X think "FLAME ON/OFF" was ever much used at WPI. X XFLAME WAR n. Acrimonious dispute, especially when conducted on a X public electronic forum such as USENET. X XFLAMER v. One who habitually flames others. Said esp. of obnoxious X USENET personalities. X XFLAP vt. To unload a DECtape (so it goes flap, flap, flap...). Old X hackers at MIT tell of the days when the disk was device 0 and X microtapes were 1, 2,... and attempting to flap device 0 would X instead start a motor banging inside a cabinet near the disk! X XFLAVOR n. 1. Variety, type, kind. "DDT commands come in two X flavors." "These lights come in two flavors, big red ones and X small green ones." See VANILLA. 2. The attribute that causes X something to be FLAVORFUL. Usually used in the phrase "yields X additional flavor." "This convention yields additional flavor by X allowing one to print text either right-side-up or upside-down." X See VANILLA. X XFLAVORFUL adj. Aesthetically pleasing. See RANDOM and LOSING for X antonyms. See also the entries for TASTE and ELEGANT. X XFLIPPY /flip'ee/ n. A single-side floppy disk altered for double-sided X use by addition of a second write-notch, so called because it must X be flipped over for the second side to be accessible. No longer X common. X XFLUSH v. 1. To delete something, usually superfluous. "All that X nonsense has been flushed." Standard ITS terminology for aborting X an output operation (but note sense 4 below!); one speaks of the X text that would have been printed, but was not, as having been X flushed. Under ITS, if you asked to have a file printed on your X terminal, it was printed a page at a time; at the end of each page, X it asked whether you want to see more, and if you said no, it X replied "FLUSHED". (It is speculated that this term arose from a X vivid image of flushing unwanted characters by hosing down the X internal output buffer, washing the characters away before they can X be printed.) 2. To leave at the end of a day's work (as opposed to X leaving for a meal). "I'm going to flush now." "Time to X flush." 3. To exclude someone from an activity. 4. [UNIX/C] To X force buffered I/O to disk, as with an fflush(3) call. This is X *not* an abort as in sense 1 but a demand for early completion! X UNIX hackers find the ITS usage confusing and vice versa. X XFLYTRAP n. See FIREWALL. X XFOAF [USENET] n. Written-only acronym for Friend Of A Friend. The X source of an unverified, possibly untrue story. X XFOO /foo/ 1. [from Yiddish "feh" or the Anglo-Saxon "fooey!"] X interj. Term of disgust. 2. [from FUBAR (Fucked Up Beyond All X Recognition), from WWII, often seen as FOOBAR] Name used for X temporary programs, or samples of three-letter names. Other X similar words are BAR, BAZ (Stanford corruption of BAR), and rarely X RAG. These have been used in Pogo as well. 3. Used very generally X as a sample name for absolutely anything. The old `Smokey Stover' X comic strips often included the word FOO, in particular on license X plates of cars. 4. First on the standard list of metasyntactic X variables used in syntax examples. See also: BAR, BAZ, QUX, QUUX, X QUUUX, CORGE, GRAULT, GARPLY, WALDO, FRED, PLUGH, XYZZY. MOBY FOO: X See MOBY. It is possible that hacker usage of FOO actually springs X from the title "FOO, Lampoons and Parody" of a comic book first X issued in September 1958; the byline read "C. Crumb" but this may X well have been a sort-of pseudonym for noted weird-comix artist X Robert Crumb. The title FOO was featured in large letters on the X front cover. X XFOOL n. As used by hackers, specifically describes a person who X habitually reasons from obviously or demonstrably incorrect X premises and cannot be persuaded to do otherwise by evidence; it is X not generally used in its other senses, i.e. to describe a person X with a native incapacity to reason correctly, or a clown. Indeed, X in hackish experience many fools are capable of reasoning all too X effectively in executing their errors. See also CRETIN, LOSER. X XFOOTPRINT n. 1. The floor or desk area taken up by a piece of X hardware. 2. [IBM] The audit trail (if any) left by a crashed X program (often in plural, `footprints'). X XFOREGROUND [UNIX] adj.v. On a time-sharing system, a task executing in X foreground is one able to accept input from and return output to X the user; oppose BACKGROUND. Normally, there is only one X foreground task per terminal (or terminal window); having multiple X processes simultaneously reading the keyboard is a good way to X LOSE. By extension, "to foreground" a task is to bring it to the X top of one's PDL or STACK for immediate processing, and in this X sense hackers often use it for non-computer tasks. X XFORKED [UNIX] adj. Terminally slow, or dead. Originated when the X system slowed to incredibly bad speeds due to a process recursively X spawning copies of itself (using the Unix system command fork(2)) X and taking up all the process table entries. X XFORTUNE COOKIE [UNIX] n. A random quote, item of trivia, joke or maxim X printed to the user's tty at login time or (less commonly) at X logout time. Items from this jargon file have often been used as X fortune cookies. X XFOSSIL n. 1. In software, a misfeature that becomes understandable X only in historical context, as a remnant of times past retained so X as not to break compatibility. Example: the retention of octal as X default base for string escapes in C in spite of the better match X of hexadecimal to modern byte-addressible architectures. See DUSTY X DECKS. 2. More restrictively, a feature with past but no present X utility. Example: the force-all-caps (LCASE) bits in the V7 and X BSD UNIX tty driver, designed for use with monocase terminals. In X a perversion of the usual backwards compatibility goal, this X functionality has actually been expanded and renamed in some later X USG UNIX releases as the IUCLC and OLCUC bits. X XFRED n. The personal name most frequently used as a metasyntactic X variable (see FOO). Allegedly popular because it's easy to type on X a standard QWERTY keyboard. X XFREEWARE n. Free software, often written by enthusiasts and usually X distributed by electronic mail, local bulletin boards, USENET, or X other electronic media. See SHAREWARE. X XFRIED adj. 1. Non-working due to hardware failure; burnt out. X Especially used of hardware brought doen by a power glitch, short, X or other electrical event. (Sometimes this literally happens to X electronic circuits! In particular, resistors can burn out and X transformers can melt down, emitting terribly-smelling smoke. X However, this term is also used metaphorically.) 2. Of people, X exhausted. Said particularly of those who continue to work in such X a state. Often used as an explanation or excuse. "Yeah, I know X that fix destroyed the file system, but I was fried when I put it X in." X XFROB /frob/ 1. n. [MIT] The official Tech Model Railroad Club X definition is "FROB = protruding arm or trunnion", and by X metaphoric extension any somewhat small thing; an object that you X can comfortably hold in one hand; something you can frob. See X FROBNITZ. 2. v. Abbreviated form of FROBNICATE. X XFROBNICATE /frob'ni-kayt/ v. To manipulate or adjust, to tweak. Thus: X "Please frob the light switch." (That is, flip the light X switch.), but also "Stop frobbing that clasp; you'll break it." X Poss. derived from FROBNITZ (q.v.). Usually abbreviated to FROB, X but FROBNICATE is recognized as the official full form. Thus one X has the saying "to frob a frob". See TWEAK and TWIDDLE. Usage: X FROB, TWIDDLE, and TWEAK sometimes connote points along a X continuum. FROB connotes aimless manipulation; TWIDDLE connotes X gross manipulation, often a coarse search for a proper setting; X TWEAK connotes fine-tuning. If someone is turning a knob on an X oscilloscope, then if he's carefully adjusting it he is probably X tweaking it; if he is just turning it but looking at the screen he X is probably twiddling it; but if he's just doing it because turning X a knob is fun, he's frobbing it. X XFROBNITZ /frob'nits/, pl. FROBNITZEM (frob'nitsm) n. An unspecified X physical object, a widget. Also refers to electronic black boxes. X This rare form is usually abbreviated to FROTZ, or more commonly to X FROB. Also used are FROBNULE and FROBULE. Starting perhaps in X 1979, FROBOZZ (fruh-bahz'), plural FROBBOTZIM (fruh-bot'z@m) has X also become very popular, largely due to its exposure as a name via X ZORK. These can also be applied to nonphysical objects, such as X data structures. X XFROG alt. PHROG 1. interj. Term of disgust (we seem to have a lot of X them). 2. Used as a name for just about anything. See FOO. 3. n. X Of things, a crock. Of people, somewhere inbetween a turkey and a X toad. 4. FROGGY: adj. Similar to BAGBITING (q.v.), but milder. X "This froggy program is taking forever to run!" X XFRONT END n. 1. A subsidiary computer that doesn't do much. 2. What X you're talking to when you have a conversation with someone who is X making replies without paying attention. "Look at the dancing X elephants!" "Uh-huh" "Do you know what I just said?" X "Sorry, you were talking to the front end". X XFROTZ /frotz/ 1. n. See FROBNITZ. 2. MUMBLE FROTZ: An interjection of X very mild disgust. X XFROTZED /frotzt/ adj. DOWN due to hardware problems. X XFRY 1. vi. To fail. Said especially of smoke-producing hardware X failures. More generally, to become non-working. Usage: never X said of software, only of hardware and humans. See FRIED, MAGIC X SMOKE. 2. vt. To cause to fail; to ROACH, TOAST or HOSE a piece of X hardware (never used of software or humans). X XFTP /ef-tee-pee/, *not* /fit'ip/ 1. n. The File Transfer Protocol for X transmitting files between systems on the Internet. 2. vt. To X transfer a file using the File Transfer Protocol. 3. Sometimes used X as a generic even for file transfers not using FTP. "Lemme get X this copy of Wuthering Heights FTP'd from uunet." X XFUCK ME HARDER excl. Sometimes uttered in response to egregious X misbehavior, esp. in software, and esp. of those which seem X unfairly persistent (as though designed in< by the imp of the X perverse). Often theatrically elaborated: "Aiighhh! Fuck me with X a piledriver and sixteen feet of curare-tipped wrought-iron fence X *and no lubricants!*" The phrase is sometimes heard abbreviated X FMH in polite company. X XFUD WARS /fud worz/ n. [from `Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt'] Political X posturing engaged in by hardware and software vendors ostensibly X committed to standardization but actually willing to fragment the X market to protect their own share. The OSF vs. UNIX International X conflict, for example. X XFUDGE 1. v. To perform in an incomplete but marginally acceptable way, X particularly with respect to the writing of a program. "I didn't X feel like going through that pain and suffering, so I fudged it." X 2. n. The resulting code. X XFUDGE FACTOR n. A value or parameter that is varied in an ad hoc way X to produce the desired result. The terms "tolerance" and X "slop" are also used, though these usually indicate a one-sided X leeway, such as a buffer which is made larger than necessary X because one isn't sure exactly how large it needs to be, and it is X better to waste a little space than to lose completely for not X having enough. A fudge factor, on the other hand, can often be X tweaked in more than one direction. A good example is the FUZZ X typically needed in floating-point calculations: two numbers being X compared for equality must be allowed to differ by a small amount; X if that amount is too small, a computation may never terminate, X while if it is too large, results will be needlessly inaccurate. X Fudge factors are frequently adjusted incorrectly by programmers X who don't fully understand their import. X XFUEL UP vi. To eat or drink hurriedly in order to get back to hacking. X "Food-p?" "Yeah, let's fuel up." "Time for a GREAT-WALL!". X See also ORIENTAL FOOD. X XFUGGLY /fuhg'lee/ adj. Emphatic form of FUNKY; funky + ugly (or X possibly a contraction of "fuckin' ugly"). Unusually for hacker X slang, this may actually derive from black street-jive. To say it X properly, the first syllable should be growled rather than spoken. X Usage: humorous. "Man, the ASCII-to-EBCDIC code in that printer X driver is *fuggly*." See also WONKY. X XFUNKY adj. Said of something which functions, but in a slightly X strange, klugey way. It does the job and would be difficult to X change, so its obvious non-optimality is left alone. Often used to X describe interfaces. The more bugs something has that nobody has X bothered to fix because workarounds are easier, the funkier it is. X TECO and UUCP are funky. The Intel i860's exception handling is X extraordinarily funky. Most standards acquire funkiness as they X age. "The new mailer is installed, but is still somewhat funky; X if it bounces your mail for no reason, try resubmitting it." X "This UART is pretty funky. The data ready line is active-high in X interrupt mode, and active-low in DMA mode." See FUGGLY. X XFUNNY MONEY n. 1. Notional `dollar' units of computing time and/or X storage handed to students at the beginning of a computer course by X professors; also called "purple money" (in implicit opposition to X real or "green" money). When your funny money ran out, your X account froze and you needed to go to a professor to get more. X Formerly a common practice, this has now been made sufficiently X rare by the plunging cost of timesharing CYCLES that it has become X folklore. The amounts allocated were almost invariably too small, X even for the non-hackers who wanted to slide by with minimum work. X In extreme cases the practice led to small-scale black markets in X bootlegged computer accounts. 2. By extension, phantom money or X quantity tickets of any kind used as a resource-allocation hack X within a system. X XFUZZ n. In floating-point arithmetic, the maximum difference allowed X between two quantities for them to compare equal. Has to be set X properly relative to the FPU's precision limits. See FUDGE FACTOR. X XFUZZBALL [TCP/IP hackers] n. A DEC LSI-11 running a particular suite X of homebrewed software by Dave Mills and assorted co-conspirators, X used in the early 80's for Internet protocol testbedding and X experimentation. These were used as NSFnet backbone sites in its X early 56KB-line days; a few of these are still active on the X Internet as of early 1990, doing odd jobs such as network time X service. X X {= G =} X XGABRIEL /gay'bree-@l/ [for Dick Gabriel, SAIL volleyball fanatic] n. X An unnecessary (in the opinion of the opponent) stalling tactic, X e.g., tying one's shoelaces or hair repeatedly, asking the time, X etc. Also used to refer to the perpetrator of such tactics. Also, X "pulling a Gabriel", "Gabriel mode". X XGAG vi. Equivalent to CHOKE, but connotes more disgust. "Hey, this is X Fortran code. No wonder the C compiler gagged." See also BARF. X XGARBAGE COLLECT vi., GARBAGE COLLECTION n. See GC. X XGARPLY /gar'plee/ n. [Stanford] Another meta-word popular among SAIL X hackers. X XGAS [as in "gas chamber"] interj. 1. A term of disgust and hatred, X implying that gas should be dispensed in generous quantities, X thereby exterminating the source of irritation. "Some loser just X reloaded the system for no reason! Gas!" 2. A term suggesting X that someone or something ought to be flushed out of mercy. "The X system's wedging every few minutes. Gas!" 3. vt. FLUSH (q.v.). X "You should gas that old crufty software." 4. GASEOUS adj. X Deserving of being gassed. Usage: primarily used by Geoff X Goodfellow at SRI, but spreading; became particularly popular after X the Moscone/Milk murders in San Francisco, when it was learned that X Dan White (who supported Proposition 7) would get the gas chamber X under 7 if convicted. X XGC /jee-see/ [from LISP terminology; "Garbage Collect"] 1. vt. To X clean up and throw away useless things. "I think I'll GC the top X of my desk today." When said of files, this is equivalent to GFR X (q.v.). 2. vt. To recycle, reclaim, or put to another use. 3. n. X An instantiation of the garbage collector process. `Garbage X collection' is computer science jargon for a particular class of X strategies for dynamically reallocating computer memory. One such X strategy involves periodically scanning all the data in memory and X determining what is no longer useful; useless data items are then X discarded so that the memory they occupy can be recycled and used X for another purpose. Implementations of the LISP language usually X use garbage collection. In slang, the full phrase is sometimes X heard but the acronym is more frequently used because it's shorter. X Note that there is an ambiguity in usage that has to be resolved by X context: "I'm going to garbage-collect my desk" usually means to X clean out the drawers, but it could also mean to throw away or X recycle the desk itself. X XGCOS n. A quick and dirty clone of System/360 DOS that emerged from GE X about 1970; originally called GECOS (the General Electric X Comprehensive Operating System) and later kluged to support X primitive timesharing and transaction processing. After the buyout X of GE's computer division by Honeywell the name was changed to X General Comprehensive Operating System (GCOS). Other OS groups at X Honeywell began referring to it as `God's Chosen Operating System', X allegedly in reaction to the GCOS crowd's uninformed and snotty X attitude about the superiority of their product. All this might be X of zero interest, except for two facts: 1) the GCOS people won the X political war, resulting in the orphaning and eventual death of X Honeywell MULTICS (q.v.), and 2) GECOS/GCOS left one permanent mark X on UNIX. Some early UNIX systems at Bell Labs were used as front X ends to GCOS machines; the field added to /etc/passwd to carry GCOS X ID information was called `the GECOS field' and survives today as X the pw_gecos member used for the user's full name and other X human-id information. GCOS itself played a major rule in keeping X Honeywell a dismal also-ran in the mainframe market, and was itself X ditched for UNIX in the late 1980s when Honeywell retired its aging X BIG IRON designs. X XGECOS n. See GCOS X XGEDANKEN /g@-dahn'kn/ adj. Wild-eyed; impractical; not X well-thought-out; untried; untested. "Gedanken" is a German word X for "thought". A thought experiment is one you carry out in your X head. In physics, the term "gedanken experiment" is used to X refer to an experiment that is impractical to carry out, but useful X to consider because you can reason about it theoretically. (A X classic gedanken experiment of relativity theory involves thinking X about a man flying through space in an elevator.) Gedanken X experiments are very useful in physics, but you have to be careful. X It was a gedanken experiment that led Aristotle to conclude that X heavy things always fall faster than light things (he thought about X a rock and a feather); this was accepted until Galileo proved X otherwise. Among hackers, however, the word has a pejorative X connotation. It is said of a project, especially one in artificial X intelligence research, which is written up in grand detail X (typically as a Ph.D. thesis) without ever being implemented to any X great extent. Such a project is usually perpetrated by people who X aren't very good hackers or find programming distasteful or are X just in a hurry. A gedanken thesis is usually marked by an obvious X lack of intuition about what is programmable and what is not, and X about what does and does not constitute a clear specification an X algorithm. X XGEEK OUT vi. To temporarily enter techno-nerd mode while in a X non-hackish context, for example at parties held near computer X equipment. Especially used when you need to do something highly X technical and don't have time to explain: "Pardon me while I geek X out for a moment." X XGENDER MENDER n. (also "gender bender" and "sex changer") A cable X connector shell with either two male or two female connectors on X it, used to correct the mismatches that result when some LOSER X didn't understand the RS232C specification and the distinction X between DTE and DCE. Used esp. for RS-232C parts in either the X original D-25 or the IBM PC's bogus D-9 format. X XGENERAL PUBLIC VIRUS n. Pejorative name for some versions of the GNU X project COPYLEFT (q.v.) or General Public License, which requires X that any tools or apps incorporating copylefted code must be X source-distributed on the same anti-commercial terms as GNU stuff. X Thus it is alleged that the copyleft `infects' software generated X with GNU tools. FSF's official position is that only code X incorporating either the Bison parser skeleton or GNU CC libraries X is so infected. Nevertheless, widespread suspicion that the X COPYLEFT language is `boobytrapped' has caused many developers to X avoid using GNU tools and the GPL license. X XGENERATE vt. To produce something according to an algorithm or program X or set of rules, or as a (possibly unintended) side effect of the X execution of an algorithm or program. The opposite of PARSE. This X term retains its mechanistic connotations (though often humorously) X when used of human behavior. X XGET A LIFE! imp. Hacker-standard way of suggesting that the person to X whom you are speaking has succumbed to terminal geekdom (see X COMPUTER GEEK). Often heard on USENET. It is alleged that this X exhortation was originally uttered by William Shatner to a crowd of X eager trekkies in a speach which ended "Get a job! Get a X *life*!". X XGET A REAL COMPUTER imp. Typical hacker response to news that somebody X is having trouble getting work done on a system that is a) X single-tasking, b) has no Winchester, or c) has an address space X smaller than 4 megabytes. This is as of 1990; note that the X threshold for `real computer' rises with time, and it may well be X (for example) that machines with character-only displays will be X considered `unreal' in a few years. See BITTY BOX and TOY. X XGFR /jee eff ar/ vt. [acronym, ITS] From "Grim File Reaper", an ITS X utility. To remove a file or files according to some X program-automated or semi-automatic manual procedure, especially X one designed to reclaim mass storage space or reduce namespace X clutter. Often generalized to pieces of data below file level. X "I used to have his phone number but I guess I GFRed it." See X also PROWLER, REAPER. X XGIG (gig) n. Short for "gigabyte" (1000 megabytes); esp. used in X describing amounts of CORE or mass storage. "My machine just got X upgraded to a quarter-gig". X XGIGO /gie'goh/ [acronym] 1. Garbage In, Garbage out -- Usually said in X response to lusers who complain that a program didn't complain X about faulty data. Also commonly used to describe failures in X human decision making due to faulty, incomplete or imprecise data. X 2. Garbage In, Gospel Out -- this more recent expansion is a X comment on the tendency human beings have to put excessive trust in X "computerized" data. X XGILLION /jill'yun/ n. 10^9. [From giga, following construction of X mega/million and tera/trillion] Same as an American billion or a X British `myriad'. X XGLARK /glark/ vt. To figure something out from context, taken from an X old Scientific American "Mathematical Games" column. "The System X III manuals are pretty poor, but you can generally glark the X meaning from context". Interestingly, the original sentence was X "This gubblick contains many nonsklarkish English flutzpahs, but X the overall pluggandisp can be glorked [sic] from context." by X David Moser, quoted by Douglas Hofstadter in his "Metamagical X Themas" column in the January 1981 Scientific American. It is X conjectured that hackish usage mutated the verb to `glark' because X GLORK (q.v.) was already an established jargon term. X XGLASS [IBM] n. Synonym for SILICON. X XGLASS TTY /glas tee-tee-wie/ or /glas ti-tee/ n. A terminal which has a X display screen but which, because of hardware or software X limitations, behaves like a teletype or other printing terminal , X thereby combining the disadvantages of both: like a printing X terminal, it can't do fancy display hacks, and like a display X terminal, it doesn't produce hard copy An example is Lear-Siegler X the ADM-3 (without cursor control). See TUBE, TTY. See Appendix A X for an interesting true story about glass TTYs. X XGLITCH /glich/ [from German "glitchen" to slip, via Yiddish X "glitshen", to slide or skid] 1. n. A sudden interruption in X electric service, sanity,, continuity, or program function. X Sometimes recoverable. An interruption in electric service is X specfically called a POWER GLITCH. This is of grave concern X because it usually crashes all the computers. More common in X slang, though, a hacker who got to the middle of a sentence and X then forgotten how he or she intended to complete it might say, X "Sorry, I just glitched". 2. vi. To commit a glitch. See X GRITCH. 3. vt. [Stanford] To scroll a display screen several X lines at a time. This derives from some oddities in the terminal X behavior on the ITS machines formerly used at SAIL. 4. (obs.) Same X as MAGIC COOKIE, sense #2. X XGLOB /glob/, *not* /glohb/ [UNIX, from "glob", the name of a X subprogram that translated wildcards in archaic Bourne Shell X versions] v. To expand special characters in a wildcarded name (the X action is "globbing"). The UNIX conventions for filename X wildcarding have become sufficiently pervasive that many hackers X use some of them in written English, especially in email or news on X technical topics. Those commonly encountered include: X X * wildcard for any string (see UN*X, U*IX). X ? wildcard for any character (generally only read this X way at the beginning or in the middle of a word). X [] wildcard matching one character from a specified set. X X Some examples: "He said his name was [KC]arl" (expresses X ambiguity). "That got posted to talk.politics.*" (all the X talk.politics subgroups on USENET). Other examples are given under X the entry for `X'. GLOB as a noun refers to the act of expanding a X string using these conventions. It is also used as a verb. X XGLORK /glork/ 1. interj. Term of mild surprise, usually tinged with X outrage, as when one attempts to save the results of two hours of X editing and finds that the system has just crashed. 2. Used as a X name for just about anything. See FOO. 3. vt. Similar to GLITCH X (q.v.), but usually used reflexively. "My program just glorked X itself." X XGNARLY adj. Both OBSCURE and HAIRY in the sense of complex. "Yeech X --- the tuned assembler implementation of BitBlt is really gnarly!" X From a similar but less specific usage in surfer slang. X XGNU /gnoo/, *not* /noo/ 1. [acronym for "GNU's Not UNIX!"] A X UNIX-workalike development effort of the Free Software Foundation X headed by Richard Stallman (rms@prep.ai.mit.edu). GNU EMACS and X the GNU C compiler, two tools designed for this project, have X become very popular in hackerdom. See EMACS, COPYLEFT. 2. Noted X UNIX hacker John Gilmore (gnu@hoptoad.com), ironically enough one X of the best-known and most vocal opponents of the "information X should not be property" philosophy behind GNU (sense #1). X XGNUMACS /gnoo'maks/ [contraction of "Gnu Emacs"] Often-heard X abbreviated name for the GNU project's flagship tool, EMACS. Used X esp. in contrast with GOSMACS. X XGO FLATLINE [from cyberpunk SF, refers to flattening of EEG traces X upon brain-death] vi., also adjectival FLATLINED. 1. To die, X terminate, or fail, esp. irreversibly. In hacker parlance this is X used of machines only, human death being considered somewhat too X serious a matter to employ jargon-jokes about. 2. To go completely X quiescent; said of machines undergoing controlled shutdown. "You X can suffer file damage if you shut down UNIX but power off before X the system has gone flatline." 3. A particular failure mode of X video tubes in which vertical scan is lost, so all one sees is a X bright horizontal line bisecting the screen. X XGOBBLE vt. To consume or to obtain. GOBBLE UP tends to imply X "consume", while GOBBLE DOWN tends to imply "obtain". "The X output spy gobbles characters out of a TTY output buffer." "I X guess I'll gobble down a copy of the documentation tomorrow." See X SNARF. X XGONK /gonk/ vt.,n. 1. To prevaricate or to embellish the truth beyond any X reasonable recognition. In German the term is (fictively) X "GONKEN", in spanish the verb becomes "GONKAR." "You're X gonking me. That story you just told me is a bunch of gonk." In X German, "Du Gonkst mir." (You're pulling my leg.) See also X GONKULATOR. 2. [British] To grab some sleep at an odd time. X XGONKULATOR /gon'kyoo-lay-tr/ [from the old "Hogan's Heroes" TV X series] n. A pretentious piece of equipment that actually serves no X useful purpose. Usually used to describe one's least favorite X piece of computer hardware. See GONK. X XGONZO /gon'zo/ [from Hunter S. Thompson] adj. Overwhelming; X outrageous; over the top; very large, esp. used of collections of X source code, source files or individual functions. Has some of the X connotations of MOBY and HAIRY, q.v. X XGOOD THING adj. Always capitalized. 1. Self-evidently wonderful to X anyone in a position to notice: "The Trailblazer's 19.2Kbaud PEP X mode with on-the-fly Lempel-Ziv compression is a Good Thing for X sites relaying netnews." 2. Something which can't possibly have X any ill side effects and may save considerable grief later: X "Removing the self-modifying code from that shared library would X be a Good Thing." 3. When said of software tools or libraries, as X in "YACC is a Good Thing", specifically connotes that the thing X has drastically reduced a programmer's work load. Oppose BAD X THING. X XGORILLA ARM n. The side-effect that destroyed touch-screens as a X mainstream input technology despite a promising start in the early X eighties. It seems the designers of all those SPIFFY touch-menu X systems failed to notice that humans aren't designed to hold their X arms in front of their faces making small motions. After more than X a very few selects the arm begins to feel sore, cramped, and X oversized, hence "gorilla arm". This is now considered a classic X Horrible Example and cautionary tale to human-factors designers; X "remember the gorilla arm" is shorthand for "how's this gonna X fly in *real* use?" X XGORP /gorp/ [CMU, perhaps from a brand of dried hiker's food?] X Another metasyntactic variable, like FOO and BAR. X XGOSMACS /goz'maks/ [contraction of "Gosling Emacs"] n. The first X EMACS-in-C implementation, predating but now largely eclipsed by X GNUMACS (q.v.). Originally freeware; a commercial version is now X modestly popular as "UniPress Emacs". X XGOSPERISM /goss'p@r'iz'm/ A hack, invention, or saying by X arch-hacker R. William (Bill) Gosper. This notion merits its own X term because there are so many of them. Many of the entries in X HAKMEM are Gosperisms; see also LIFE. X XGRAULT /grawlt/ n. Yet another meta-syntactic variable, invented by X Mike Gallaher and propagated by the GOSMACS documentation. See X CORGE. X XGRAY GOO n. A hypothetical substance composed of billions of X sub-micron-sized Von Neumann machines (self-replicating robots) X programmed to make copies of themselves out of whatever is X available. The image that goes with the term is one of the entire X biosphere of Earth being eventually converted to robot goo. This X is the simplest of the NANOTECHNOLOGY (q.v.) disaster scenarios and X is easuky refuted by arguments from energy requirements and X elemental abundances. X XGREAT RENAMING n. The FLAG DAY on which all of the groups on the X USENET had their names changed from the net.* format to the current X multiple-hierarchies scheme. X XGREAT-WALL [from SF fandom] vi.,n. A mass expedition to an oriental X restaurant, esp. one where food is seved family-style and shared. X There is a common heuristic about the amount of food to order X expressed as "For N people, get N - 1 entrees.". See ORIENTAL X FOOD, RAVS, STIR-FRIED RANDOM. X XGREEN BOOK n. 1. The X/Open Compatibility Guide. Defines an X international standard UNIX environment that is a proper superset X of POSIX/SVID; also includes descriptions of a standard utility X toolkit, systems administrations features, and the like. This X grimoire is taken with particular seriousness in Europe. See X PURPLE BOOK. 2. One of the three standard PostScript references X (see also RED BOOK, BLUE BOOK). 3. The P1003.1 POSIX Utilities X standard has been dubbed THE UGLY GREEN BOOK. 4. Any of the 1992 X standards which will be issued by the CCIT 10th plenary assembly. X They change color each review cycle (1984 was RED BOOK, 1988 BLUE X BOOK). These include, among other things, the X.400 email spec and X the Group 1 through 4 fax standards. See also BLUE BOOK, RED BOOK, X GREEN BOOK, SILVER BOOK, PURPLE BOOK, ORANGE BOOK, WHITE BOOK, X DRAGON BOOK, PINK-SHIRT BOOK. X XGREEN LIGHTNING [IBM] n. Apparently random flashing streaks on the X face of 3278-9 terminals while a programmable symbol set is being X loaded. This hardware bug was left deliberately unfixed, as some X bright spark suggested that this would let the user know that X `something is happening'. It certainly does. 2. [proposed] Any bug X perverted into an alleged feature by adroit rationalization or X marketing. E.g. "Motorola calls the CISC cruft in the 8800 X architecture `compatibility logic', but I call it green X lightning". X XGREP /grep/ [from the qed/ed editor idiom g/re/p (Global search for X Regular Expression and Print) via UNIX grep(1)] vt. To rapidly scan X a file or file set looking for a particular string or pattern. By X extension, to look for something by pattern. "Grep the bulletin X board for the system backup schedule, would you?" X XGRIND vt. 1. [MIT and Berkeley] To format code, especially LISP code, X by indenting lines so that it looks pretty. This usage was X associated with the MACLISP community and is now rare; PRETTY PRINT X was and is the generic term for such operations. 2. [UNIX] To X generate the formatted version of a document from the nroff, troff, X TeX or Scribe source. 3. To run seemingly interminably, performing X some tedious and inherently useless task. Similar to CRUNCH, X GROVEL. 3. GRIND GRIND excl. "Isn't the machine slow today!" X XGRIND CRANK n. A mythical accessory to a terminal. A crank on the X side of a monitor, which when operated makes a zizzing noise and X causes the computer to run faster. Usually one does not refer to a X grind crank out loud, but merely makes the appropriate gesture and X noise. See GRIND, and WUGGA WUGGA. X X Historical note: At least one real machine actually had a grind X crank --- the R1, a research machine built towards the the end of X the great days of vacuum tube computers in 1959. R1 (also known as X "The Rice Institute Computer" - TRIC, and later as "The Rice X University Computer" - TRUC) had a single step/free run switch for X use when debugging programs. Since single stepping through a large X program was rather tedious, there was also a crank with a cam and X gear arrangement that repeatedly pushed the single step button. X This allowed one to "crank" through a lot of code, then slow down X to single step a bit when you got near the code of interest, poke X at some registers using the "console typewriter", and then keep on X cranking. X XGRITCH /grich/ 1. n. A complaint (often caused by a GLITCH (q.v.)). X 2. vi. To complain. Often verb-doubled: "Gritch gritch". 3. A X synonym for GLITCH (as verb or noun). X XGROK /grok/ [from the novel "Stranger in a Strange Land", by Robert X Heinlein, where it is a Martian verb meaning literally "to drink" X and metaphorically "to be one with"] vt. 1. To understand, X usually in a global sense. Connotes intimate and exhaustive X knowledge. Contrast ZEN, similar supernal understanding as a X single brief flash. 2. Used of programs, may connote merely X sufficient understanding, e.g., "Almost all C compilers grok void X these days." X XGRONK /gronk/ [popularized by the cartoon strip "B.C." by Johnny X Hart, but the word apparently predates that] vt. 1. To clear the X state of a wedged device and restart it. More severe than "to X frob" (q.v.). 2. To break. "The teletype scanner was gronked, X so we took the system down." 3. GRONKED: adj. Of people, the X condition of feeling very tired or sick. Oppose BROKEN, which X means about the same as GRONK used of hardware but connotes X depression or mental/emotional problems in people. 4. GRONK OUT: X vi. To cease functioning. Of people, to go home and go to sleep. X "I guess I'll gronk out now; see you all tomorrow." X XGROVEL vi. 1. To work interminably and without apparent progress. X Often used transitively with "over" or "through". "The file X scavenger has been grovelling through the file directories for ten X minutes now." Compare GRIND and CRUNCH. Emphatic form: GROVEL X OBSCENELY. 2. To examine minutely or in complete detail. "The X compiler grovels over the entire source program before beginning to X translate it." "I grovelled through all the documentation, but I X still couldn't find the command I wanted." X XGRUNGE [Cambridge] n. Code which is `dead' (can never be accessed) due X to changes in other parts of the program. X XGRUNGY /gruhn'jee/ adj. Incredibly dirty, greasy, or grubby. Anything X which has been washed within the last year is not really grungy. X Also used metaphorically; hence some programs (especially crocks) X can be described as grungy. Now (1990) also common in mainstream X slang. X XGUBBISH /guh'bish/ [a portmanteau of "garbage" and "rubbish"?] n. X Garbage; crap; nonsense. "What is all this gubbish?" X XGUILTWARE n. FREEWARE decorated with a message telling one how long X and hard the author worked on this program and intimating that one X is a no-good shit if one does not immediately send the poor X suffering martyr gobs of money. X XGUMBY /guhm'bee/ [from a class of Monty Python characters] n. An act X of minor but conspicuous stupidity, often in GUMBY MANEUVER or PULL X A GUMBY. X XGUN [from the GUN command on ITS] vt. To forcibly terminate a program X or job (computer, not career). "Some idiot left a background X process running soaking up half the cycles, so I gunned it." X Compare CAN. X XGURFLE /ger'fl/ interj. An expression of shocked disbelief. "He said X we have to recode this thing in FORTRAN by next week. Gurfle!" X Compare WEEBLE. X XGURU n. 1. A UNIX expert. Implies not only WIZARD skill but a history X of being a knowledge resource for others. Less often, used (with a X qualifier) for other experts on other systems, as in "VMS guru". X 2. Amiga equivalent of "panic" in UNIX. When the system crashes a SHAR_EOF chmod 0644 jsplit.ad || echo "restore of jsplit.ad fails" if [ $TOUCH = can ] then touch -am 1215215290 jsplit.ad fi exit 0