francois@welch.jhu.edu (Francois Schiettecatte) (04/25/91)
I am currently building up bibliographies in the areas of HCI, Hypertext and CSCW. I was wondering if anybody out there have any bibliographies they can share with me. I can receive them through email in any standard format. ( if there is interest I can post a summary back to the net ) thanks francois francois@welch.jhu.edu
perlman@poppy.cis.ohio-state.edu (Gary Perlman) (04/26/91)
In article <1991Apr25.133812.7163@welch.jhu.edu> francois@welch.jhu.edu (Francois Schiettecatte) writes: > > I am currently building up bibliographies in the >areas of HCI, Hypertext and CSCW. I was wondering if anybody >out there have any bibliographies they can share with me. >I can receive them through email in any standard >format. > We have been doing this for about a year and have over 1500 entries, including many complete abstracted conferences. We are trying for about 2500 entries by the end of this calendar year. I will be discussing our HCI bibliography project at CHI'91 in a poster and in a SIG. We already have CHI'91 online and abstracted along with all ACM CHI', Hypertext', and CSCW conferences. Instead of doing a lot of work that had already been done, let me urge you to volunteer to be part of a coordinated effort. The HCI Bibliography is free, and available via anonymous ftp, email, and (ughh) even on floppies. I regret to say that I was unable to set up the email server before CHI'91 but will get to it sometime soon after I return. Here is a full description of the project with access instructions. You can also see the list of contributors and volunteers to date. The HCI Bibliography Project Gary Perlman Department of Computer and Information Science The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA 614-292-2566 Office, 614-292-9021 Fax perlman@cis.ohio-state.edu ABSTRACT The HCI Bibliography project has just released its first collections of a free-access online extended bibliography on Human-Computer Interaction. The basic goal of the project is to put an online bibliography for most of HCI on the screens of all researchers and developers in the field through anonymous ftp access, mail servers, and Mac and DOS floppy disks. Through the efforts of volunteers, the bibliography has passed 1000 entries, with abstracts and/or tables of contents; eventually, citation information and hypertext access will be added. The first release contains the complete contents of all the ACM CHI conferences, the complete journal Human-Computer Interaction, and several other important sources. Eventually, all of HCI will be online and freely accessible around the world. Keywords: Human-computer interaction, Bibliographic information, Research Aids, Distributed group work, Networks, Cooperative Research, Information sharing, Hypertext, Information retrieval 1. Introduction 1.1. Goals of the HCI Bibliography Project: The HCI Bibliography Project is an initiative to provide unrestricted access to online versions of extended bibliographic information on the subject of Human-Computer Interaction. The result of the project will be a database of several thousand bibliographic records, freely accessible to researchers around the world, first by anonymous ftp, then by electronic mail servers, and as a last resort, on Macintosh and DOS floppy disks. Longer-term goals include developing more effective ways of accessing information in bibliographies. 1.2. Philosophy of the HCI Bibliography Project: The primary reason for compiling the HCI Bibliography is to improve the accessibility of information used as a resource for research and development. Online access is a major step in that direction because it allows keywords searching in selected fields of records. Full-text versions of records (i.e., abstracts and tables of contents) provide auxiliary targets for search, and additional information to help a researcher decide if the original source (e.g., journal, book, proceedings) should be approached. Although some abstracted information is available from some commercial sources, the expense of access and the low quality of user interfaces make them unattractive to many researchers, particularly students. One unfortunate result is the duplication of effort by researchers to create their own online bibliographies. The HCI Bibliography addresses those issues by being non-commercial, providing free-access to its information bases, and by performing basic research to produce better tools for accessing extended bibliographic information. 1.3. Coordination of Cooperation: The HCI Bibliography Project is designed to be a cooperative venture to coordinate the efforts of dozens or even hundreds of people to benefit hundreds or even thousands of others interested in HCI. The project began with a whimsical thought: ``If we wanted to get a corpus of data online, and we had hundreds of volunteers connected to a network, then with the right organization, this distributed system could enter data at a rate of hundreds of pages per hour. In an afternoon, all of Shakespeare could be available.'' 2. Contents of the HCI Bibliography The bibliography will contain most publications on HCI dating back to 1980; for publications before 1980, we will be more selective. The publications to be compiled include major journals in HCI, major conference proceedings, and selected publications from other sources. At first, we sought donations of any bibliographic information, but a large collection of multiple-format overlapping records presented problems. Our current strategy is to gather complete sets from published units like books, journals, and conference proceedings. 2.1. Structure of Records: Extended bibliographic records consist of four categories of information: key information identifiers, data entry/modification dates, ... basic information author, title, date, ... summary information keywords, abstract, (table of) contents, annotations, ... link information references, citations, containments, republication, ... In addition to common summary information such as keywords and abstracts, many records will include tables of contents of section headings. Another extension that will allow interesting hypertext access is that records will (eventually) include a section containing the identifiers of referenced publications. 2.2. Current/Planned Coverage: Index of the HCI Bibliography Project (4/24/91) Special Files: index the current contents of the HCI Bibliography confer.bib extended information about conference proceedings; includes order numbers, editors, number of entries/pages, etc. publish.txt extended information about copyrights, with ordering details; this file should be read carefully by all HCI Bibliography users! Key to STATE Information in the Following Tables: B=Basic, A=Abstracted, C=Table of Contents, V=Validated, R=Released (lower-case means that only some are included/completed) * abstracts and/or contents release permission from publisher is pending Conference Proceedings: FILE SIZE CNT STATE VER DESCRIPTION CHI82.bib 25867 76 BAVR 1.4 Gaithersburg Conference CHI83.bib 57759 58 BAVR 1.9 ACM CHI'83, Boston, MA CHI85.bib 39091 41 BAVR 1.9 ACM CHI'85, San Francisco, CA CHI86.bib 53219 59 BAVR 1.8 ACM CHI'86, Boston, MA CHI87.bib 62996 59 BAVR 1.4 ACM CHI+GI'87, Toronto, Canada CHI88.bib 50812 51 BAVR 1.10 ACM CHI'88, Washington, DC CHI89.bib 68447 76 BAVR 1.6 ACM CHI'89, Austin, TX CHI90.bib 64104 72 BAVR 1.6 ACM CHI'90, Seattle, WA CHI91.bib 85947 130 BAVR 1.5 ACM CHI'91, New Orleans, LA video.bib 7961 17 BCR 1.2 CHI' Conference Video Reviews/Demos INTACT84.bib 35527 153 BaVR 1.3 INTERACT'84, London, England INTACT87.bib - 164 B --- INTERACT'87, Stuttgart, Germany INTACT90.bib - --- --- INTERACT'90, Cambridge, England CSCW86.bib - 33 BAv --- Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW88.bib 26479 32 BAVR 1.3 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work CSCW90.bib 27499 32 BAVR 1.5 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work HYPER87.bib 28602 29 BAVR 1.5 ACM Hypertext'87, Chapel Hill, NC HYPER89.bib 25080 37 BAVR 1.7 ACM Hypertext'89, Pittsburgh, PA ECHT90.bib 8531 31 BAVR* 1.3 European Conf. on Hypertext, Paris UIST88.bib - 21 --- UI Software & Technology, Banff, Canada UIST89.bib - -- --- UI Software & Technology, Williamsburg, VA UIST90.bib 19179 19 BAVR 1.3 UI Software & Technology 90, Snowbird, UT Journals: HCI.bib 88347 63 BAcVR 1.7 Human-Computer Interaction IJHCI.bib 7927 35 BaVR 1.1 Int'l Jl. of Human-Computer Interaction TOIS.bib 33501 161 BVR 1.3 ACM Trans. Information Systems IWC.bib - -- --- Interacting with Computers Books: books.bib 55967 137 BcR 1.5 Books and Reports on HCI helander.bib 7911 53 BaCVR* 1.6 Helander's Handbook of HCI salvendy.bib 16180 69 BCVR* 1.3 Salvendy's Handbook of Human Factors baecker.bib 11731 60 BvR 1.1 Baecker & Buxton's Readings in HCI 2.3. Planned Coverage: Some summary information for materials will not be available until permissions are obtained from publishers (e.g., the Handbooks edited by Helander and Salvendy). We expect that, within a year, the bibliography will grow to about 2500 extended records, levelling off after another year to about 5000, with 500-1000 records being added each year. We would welcome suggestions about what sources should be included in the bibliography, with priorities of what should be done in the short term. Some current priorities include: (all) Hypertext and CSCW Conference Proceedings (all) IFIP INTERACT and HCI Conference Proceedings (all) Interacting with Computers (all) International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (much) International Journal of Man-Machine Studies (all?) Behaviour and Information Technology (all?) ACM SIGCHI Bulletin (all?) ACM SIGLINK and SIGCSCW Newsletters (all) ACM Transactions on Information Systems (all) publications highly cited by the ``core'' HCI Bibliography (some) ACM SIGOIS Newsletter, OIS Conference (some) ACM SIGGRAPH Newsletter, Conference, & TOGS (some) AAAI, IJCAI, AI Journal (some) BYTE & other Magazines (some) CACM (some) Cognitive Science (some) Ergonomics (some) Human Factors Journal and Conference Proceedings (some) IEEE Computer and IEEE Software (some) IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Transactions and Conference (few) Journal of Applied Psychology (few) Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers We would welcome publishers to provide us with this and other information and for volunteers to provide large chunks of these resources. Potential donors should check with the HCI Bibliography project before making a large time investment; a chunk may be in construction by another party. 3. Storage/Interchange Format of the Bibliography Choosing a format for the bibliography has been a problem, with UNIX refer format being selected because of its widespread use, its simple format that eases exchange, and the ability of programs like EndNote to import it. Eventually, we expect that the master copy of the bibliography will be in SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language, because it can represent all the types of information we need, and because we will provide tools to convert it (as best as can be done) to other formats, such as Scribe, TeX, troff, ProCite, and refer. We also plan to provide first a basic set of software tools for searching and viewing bibliographic records, but the release date has not been set. 3.1. Standard and Extended Refer Codes: The refer format is limited to single-character field descriptors. This means that some of the field descriptors are non-mnemonic, and that realistically, we are limited to 26 field names, even though refer programs are case-sensitive. There are several fields that serve no general bibliographic purpose, but are used for computational purposes or for obscure information: %F %G %H %M, and %U is not mentioned in the documentation for addbib, a program for `interactive' addition of entries. Extended bibliographic entries with single-character field-names require unused or little-used fields to represent extended information. Re-allocating fields is at best controversial and still non- mnemonic, and at worst may cause problems for some users of existing refer tools. In the worst case, it is always possible to rename problematic fields to make programs ignore them. The representation of formatting is another problem for the HCI Bibliography. The refer manual suggests using troff codes, but this would create search problems for all users and display problems for non-troff users. Formatting information such as filling, bold, italic, underline, subscript, superscript, and paragraph indentation are all problems that should be addressed, but there are no conventions. As is discussed elsewhere, the eventual representation of the materials in SGML will allow much greater accommodation of different formats/formatters. The following table describes the standard codes used by the refer system and extensions used in the HCI Bibliography. The description of the refer code is based on UNIX documentation, while the comments discuss current and future conventions for the HCI Bibliography. If a comment begins with an equal sign, then it means that the HCI Bibliography is redefining the meaning of that field. If a comment begins with a plus sign, then it means that the HCI Bibliography is augmenting the meaning of that field. CODE DESCRIPTION OF REFER CODE COMMENTS %A Author's name pointer to author record %B Book containing article referenced %T of edited book, proceedings %C City (place of publication) could be place of presentation %D Date of publication %E Editor of book containing article one preformatted line in refer %F Footnote number or label (computed) USELESS but must be kept clear %G Government order number =HCIBib ISBN or other number %H Header commentary, printed before ref. USELESS? %I Issuer (publisher) pointer to pub. record, imply %C %J Journal containing article pointer to journal record %K Keywords to use in locating reference init. upper-case, comma separated %L Label field used by refer -k should be kept clear %M Bell Labs Memorandum (undefined) =HCIBib modification/id %N Number within volume +HCIBib chapt/sect/rept #, # ents. %O Other commentary, printed after ref. the last resort %P Page number(s) +HCIBib book/conf/rept # pages %Q Corporate or Foreign Author unreversed author name %R Report, paper, thesis (unpublished) %T of report, thesis %S Series title +HCIBib book/jour/conf sect. title %T Title of article or book mixed case title format %U not listed in addbib manual entry =HCIBib user annotations, separate %V Volume number with %N %X Abstract filled text, matching line-by-line %Y ignored by refer =HCIBib Contents, unfilled %Z ignored by refer =HCIBib references (ids) %* copyright accompanies extended fields %$ purchase price =HCIBib member/other cost %^ contained parts or containing doc book of papers, inherited fields 4. Compilation of the Bibliography 4.1. Donations of Bibliographic Materials: The HCI Bibliography project would greatly appreciate the contribution of large chunks of HCI bibliographies, with or without abstracts and/or tables of contents. We are still not sure what to do with individuals' collections, but we may eventually be able to make good use of them. Bibliographies on specific topics (e.g., menus, hypertext) will be representable as a list of identifiers, with which it will be possible to merge separately stored annotations. Ideally, a group of people at a site would volunteer to provide a complete set of records for a journal or series of conferences. If ten to twenty sites (e.g., with graduate students) each took on one journal, it would be easy to keep the bibliography up to date. Potential contributors should write to hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Contribution: 4.2. Quality Assurance of Records: To try to provide accurate records, the HCI Bibliography project puts each collection of records (e.g., proceedings from a conference, or several volumes of a journal) through a data validation process. A series of scripts look for easily-detected formatting and spelling errors. Volunteers, usually responding to requests over networks, are given validation instructions and collections to validate over a period of a few weeks. To estimate the quality of data validation, a set of `bugs' are placed in the records to see what percentage of such known problems are detected. Results suggest that it is not possible to remove all problems from such collections, but the number of errors can be reduced to one in every 5-10 abstracted records. Typical missed errors include commas, incorrect plurals, and unfortunately, the occasional missing word, like ``not,'' but fortunately, such omissions are unlikely data entry errors. Any errors in records should be brought to the attention of the HCI Bibliography Project for correction of master files. Send corrections via electronic mail to hcibib@cis.ohio- state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Correction: followed by the corrected entry. 4.3. Permissions from Publishers: We are sensitive to the rights and needs of publishers, and we intend that materials will be included in the HCI Bibliography only if their publishers (i.e., copyright holders) permit it. Certain publishers automatically grant free non-commercial use of even extended bibliographic information (e.g., IEEE and ACM, publishers of journals and conference proceedings). Other publishers have graciously granted royalty-free non-commercial use of their copyrighted material: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Human-Computer Interaction (journal) Ablex Publishing International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Cognitive Science (journal) Human Factors Society Human Factors (journal) proceedings of the annual HFS meetings Butterworth & Co. Publishers Ltd. Interacting with Computers (journal) The contents of the HCI Bibliography can be copied and distributed free of charge, and only copied and distributed free of charge. We request that publishers grant the HCI Bibliography Project the royalty-free non-exclusive license to distribute and provide free-access to, on a non- commercial basis, extended bibliographic entries of their copyrighted publications. In return for this license, the HCI Bibliography Project will: + include a copyright statement with each collection or record, as the publisher prefers; + include a notice that any republication or commercial use of the copyrighted material requires written permission from the publisher; + provide detailed information about the source of each record, including publisher address and publication cost; + provide to the publisher online versions of records of its publications, with no restrictions on any commercial uses. Although the HCI Bibliography project cannot pay fees for these rights, we think that distributing this information will promote the purchase of all included works. We have heard of some research that supported this conclusion, but ironically we have been unable to locate a published source. We hope that the free dissemination of online bibliographic information will increase the subscription or purchase and use of the cited materials. On the other hand, exclusion from a resource that we think will be used by thousands of researchers and developers might diminish the popularity of published works, even if they are of the highest quality and importance. 5. Procedures for Accessing the HCI Bibliography 5.1. Registration: To allow us to inform users of additions and corrections, and to keep track of who uses the HCI Bibliography, we request that users register with us. Send electronic mail and/or postal address to hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Register: followed by a line with electronic mail address, followed by lines with other identifying information (e.g., a mailing label, in electronic form). 5.2. Internet/Anonymous FTP Access: To access files in the HCI Bibliography, internet users can use FTP (file-transfer-protocol) to copy files and programs to their machines. See the file named README for more information about the contents of files and for information about how to contact publishers of the works. To log in to the archive machine, use the login name: "anonymous" and provide your internet account name as your password. The messages provided by ftp are unbelievably cryptic; many users can not distinguish between positive feedback and messages about unrecoverable errors, so ignore them and plod along. In the following example, where much of the output from ftp is left out, the following conventions are used. "$" is your system's prompt text after "#" is a comment you type in text after the ":" and the ">" "ftp>" is the prompt from the file transfer program File transfer rates will vary, so try something small first. $ mkdir mybib # make a directory where you will keep your copy $ cd mybib # set transfer directory before ftp $ ftp cheops.cis.ohio-state.edu # to reach our archive; obscure text will follow Name (...): anonymous # user logs in with standard anon ftp name Password: yourname@yoursite # use your name and your site for identification ftp> cd pub/hcibib # go to HCI Bibliography directory ftp> dir # to get a listing of what's there ftp> get README # to retrieve a file ftp> prompt # to toggle (turn off) interactive prompting ftp> mget * # interactively retrieve all files ftp> quit # to leave ftp when done 5.3. Electronic Mail Server: During the first few months of 1991, access via a mail server will be added. To use this mail server, users will send special formatted messages to a special mail alias that will automatically generate responses. Send your first request to hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Send: index Other requests will be of a similar form, with ``index'' replaced by other file names. 5.4. Floppy Disk: By the middle of 1991, users who do not have internet/ftp or electronic mail access to the bibliography will be able to request Macintosh or DOS floppy formats. The requester will send us (1) a prepaid self-addressed mailer and (2) enough formatted Mac or DOS floppy disks to hold the bibliography; 800K for Macs and 720K for DOS are dangerously low, so consider sending enough floppy disks to hold a megabyte. We will be able to accept any format of DOS diskettes. This setup will allow us to provide the bibliography without charge, while minimizing our own effort. 6. Acknowledgements This is a volunteer project, so there are many people to thank. It is interesting that most of the volunteers have never met face to face. We hope that by having an extensive acknowledgements section, users of the bibliography appreciate their efforts. We hope that we have not left out any people who have contributed, and we apologize to any that we may have overlooked. We hope that by acknowledging contributions, we will encourage others to volunteer as a provider or validator, particularly to work on the priority areas listed above. 6.1. Contributions: The following have contributed large amounts of data, either by typing it, or by independent efforts using unknown methods. Some of the contributions have not yet been put to good use, but we hope that they eventually will be integrated. If you want to contribute data to the project, send an exploratory message to hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Contribution: Most of the HCI Bibliography has been entered by work-study students, including Nghia Pham and Matthew Erickson at OSU. Other information was compiled for the annotated bibliography of the Software Engineering Institute's curriculum module on User Interface Development; it was the utility of this compilation that provided the motivation for the HCI Bibliography project. Some information has been donated (and possibly reformatted) and augmented, including a book list donated by Ben Shneiderman. Many abstracts for the journal Human-Computer Interaction were contributed by the journal's administrative editor, Patricia Sheehan. We have permission to distribute the proceedings of the annual Human Factors Society meetings, for which Craig Hartley has scanned the abstracts for 1987-1989. Large collections of bibliographic information have been contributed by: Alison Lee (Univ. of Toronto) David D. Stubbs (Tektronix) Jakob Nielsen (Bellcore) Liz Sonenberg (Univ. of Melbourne, Australia) Lorraine Normore (Chemical Abstracts Service) Bob Allen (Bellcore) Karen Ward (Oregon Graduate Institute, Beaverton, OR) Ellen Yu (Univ. of Maryland) Fabio Vitali (Univ. of Bologna, Italy) Scott Robertson (Rutgers Univ.) Tami L. Crawford (Canisius College, Buffalo, NY) Deb Galdes (Silicon Graphics) Scott Overmyer (George Mason Univ.) Saul Greenberg (University of Calgary) Patrick Holleran (Apple Computer) and by others at the Ohio State University. 6.2. Validation: The following people have volunteered to validate records, usually in batches of 50 or more. Validating a set of records typically requires a commitment of 5-10 hours, and we are always interested in getting more volunteers. Alan Edmonds (Ohio State Univ.) Deb Galdes (Silicon Graphics) Thom Gillespie (Univ. of California, Berkeley) Jonathan Grudin (Aarhus Univ., Denmark) Sharon Irving (Univ. of Colorado, Boulder) Alison Lee (Univ. of Toronto) Paul M. Mullins (Youngstown State Univ.) Bill Ogden (New Mexico State Univ.) Karen Ward (Oregon Graduate Institute, Beaverton, OR) Virginia Peck (Carnegie-Mellon Univ.) Steve Franks (Texas Instruments) and Gary Perlman. If you would like to volunteer to validate, send a message listing the works you would be able to validate to hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Validate: 6.3. Ideas: We thank the following for their ideas and/or feedback: Don Norman, Darrell Raymond, Jonathan Grudin, and there are probably others we have missed, for which we apologize. To send suggestions to the project, send a mail message to hcibib@cis.ohio-state.edu. The first line of the message should be: Suggestion: -- Name: Gary Perlman | Computer and Information Science Department Email: perlman@cis.ohio-state.edu | Ohio State University, 228 Bolz Hall Phone: 614-292-2566 | 2036 Neil Avenue Mall Fax: 614-785-9837 or 292-9021 | Columbus, OH 43210-1277 USA
francois@welch.jhu.edu (Francois Schiettecatte) (04/26/91)
Dear Netters The response I got was amazing, and almost everybody suggested looking at the bibliography that is currently being built up in Ohio. Below are some details on how to go about accessing it. I have looked at it and it is amazing. All thanks should go to Gary Perlman for his efforts. Francois The first release has over 750 entries and over 500K of text. More is on the way, especially if people volunteer to work on the parts that need data or validation. Gary Perlman, Drone-in-Chief, HCI Bibliography Project Last November 23, 1990, I sent out some mail following up on messages from Dec. 3, 1989 and Aug. 16, 1990 about compiling an HCI bibliography. I am please to say that thanks to many volunteers, the first chunks of a comprehensive bibliography are now available for you to use. In this announcement, I hope to provide you with enough information so that you can get at the current holdings, and to request more volunteers to continue the work of getting materials online and validated. The biggest chunks that we have online, with abstracts, include the complete ACM SIGCHI conference proceedings for 1983-1990, the complete abstracted contents of the journal Human-Computer Interaction, and the contents of several edited handbooks (with release of detailed tables of contents and abstracts pending publisher approval). Also included are over 100 entries on books and major reports on HCI. Although considerable planning has gone into this first release, I assume there will be feedback about problems, so I will warn people who access the bibliography during February that the files and procedures may change. The general description of the bibliography is about 3500 words, so I will not include it here. I will only include directions about how to access the files with ftp. Once on our machine, see the README file for full details, or the "index" file for contents. Send me feedback. And try not to kill a bunch of trees with printouts. INTERNET/ANONYMOUS FTP ACCESS: To access files in the HCI Bibliography, internet users can use FTP (file-transfer-protocol) to copy files and programs to their machines. See the file named README for more information about the contents of files and for information about how to contact publishers of the works. To log in to the archive machine, use the login name: "anonymous" and provide your internet account name as your password. The messages provided by ftp are unbelievably cryptic; many users can not distinguish between positive feedback and messages about unrecoverable errors, so ignore them and plod along. In the following example, where much of the output from ftp is left out, the following conventions are used. "$" is your system's prompt text after "#" is a comment you type in text after the ":" "ftp>" is the prompt from the file transfer program File transfer rates will vary, so try something small first. $ cd mybib # set transfer directory before ftp $ ftp cheops.cis.ohio-state.edu # to reach our archive; obscure text will follow Name (...): anonymous # user logs in with standard anon ftp name Password: yourname@yoursite # anon users identify themselves this way ftp> cd pub/hcibib # go to HCI Bibliography directory ftp> dir # to get a listing of what's there ftp> get README # to retrieve a file ftp> mget * # interactively retrieve all files ftp> quit # to leave ftp when done -- Name: Gary Perlman | Computer and Information Science Department Email: perlman@cis.ohio-state.edu | Ohio State University, 228 Bolz Hall Phone: 614-292-2566 | 2036 Neil Avenue Mall Fax: 614-785-9837 or 292-9021 | Columbus, OH 43210-1277 USA