heintze@grane.enet.dec.com (Siegfried Heintze) (09/10/90)
I would like some examples of using frames or semantic nets. I understand these
two terms
are synonymous.
(1) Can anyone reference me to a text book example I can try out to better
understand
how to use frames? I have "Knowledge Systems and Prolog" By Walker
(et al) which
contains a section on frames, but the examples are trivial and
incomplete.
(2) What tools are available for implementing frames and semantic nets?
Apparently
Prolog is one option. I've heard that ART, Knowledge Craft, KEE are
options.
(a) What other options are there.
(b) Can anybody give me address and phone numbers for ART, Knowledge
craft and KEE
so I can aquire some literature from them?
Siegasa@vall.dsv.su.se (]sa Rudstr|m) (09/11/90)
In article <15260@shlump.nac.dec.com> heintze@grane.enet.dec.com (Siegfried Heintze) writes: >I would like some examples of using frames or semantic nets. I understand >these two terms are synonymous. > > ... WHAT!!! I do not agree at all that "frames" and "semantic nets" are synonymous. If you open any introductory book on AI, you will find that most (all?) authors agree with me. Both are structures for representing knowledge, but... Originally, a frame was a general term denoting a description of some kind of stereotypical situation ("... like being at a child's birthday party...", see "A framework for representing knowledge" by Marvin Minsky, in Winston: The Psychology of Computer Vision,McGraw-Hill, 1975 (Minsky is the one who "invented" the term)). However, the term has now come to denote a kind of record structure, with some extra features (inheritance,procedural attachment...). KEE, for example, uses frames for representing both objects and rules. A semantic network is a more fuzzy term, but one example is John Sowa's conceptual structures (Addison-Wesley, 1984) Aasa Rudstrom
dclark@ncratl.Atlanta.NCR.COM (Dave Clark) (09/11/90)
The Luger & Stubblefield text is a very good introduction to frames and semantic nets although its examples may not be as deep as what you're looking for. Luger, George F. and Stubblefield, William A., Artificial Intelligence and the Design of Expert Systems, Redwood City: Benjamin Cummings, 1989, ISBN 0-8053-0139-9. It has an excellent collection of references for several AI areas. By the way, although frames and semantic nets are both used for knowledge representation, they are not exactly the same thing. Semantic nets organize knowledge using explicit links between objects in the knowledge base. Frames (also, schemas) are single, complex entities that represent complex situations or objects. Frames closely resemble records as in Pascal, and are intimately related to object-oriented systems. -- Dave Clark (404) 623-7367 NCR E&M Atlanta VOICEplus 751-7367 2651 Satellite Blvd. dclark@ncratl.Atlanta.NCR.COM Duluth, GA 30136 (setf (get 'dave 'disclaimer) 'standard)
kumard@acsu.buffalo.edu (Deepak Kumar) (09/12/90)
See papers/articles on SNePS- Semantic Network Processing System. For a detailed bibliography of SNePS papers and information on availability send mail to : snwiz@cs.buffalo.edu See SNePS Considered an Intensional Propositional Semantic Network Shapiro & Rapaport in McCalla and Cercone (Eds) THE KNOWLEDGE FRONTIER also Current Trends in SNePS Volume 437, Lecture Notes in AI D. Kumar (ed) Springer Verlag, 1990 Deepak. -- "I think I know why the dog howls at the moon" - JC kumard@cs.buffalo.EDU kumard%cs.buffalo.edu@ubvm.bitnet Deepak Kumar, Dept. of CS, 226 Bell Hall, SUNY@Buffalo, NY 14260.
rapp@balr.com (Chuck Rapp) (09/12/90)
Aasa brings up an interesting question: does there exist a theory regarding representational power? In computational theory, two different forms of computational are said to have equivalent power if all computations in form one can be done in form two and vice versa. Has anyone studied the equivalence in representational power between semantic nets, frames, and logic or between declarative representation and procedural? Is representational power another form of computational power? While there are differences between semantic networks and frames, if they have the same representational power, then the only reason to choose between them is ease of use in representing what you want. -- +---------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+ | Chuck Rapp | rapp@balr.com | Also: rapp@tellabs.com | | BALR, Inc. | uunet!balr!rapp | | +---------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+