richard@cs.mu.OZ.AU (Richard Hagen) (01/31/91)
I'm interested in the analysis of explanations, and a friend of mine mentioned that he had seen a paper about a system by Alan Bundy called PRESS that might interest me. Unfortunately he couldn't supply me with any details of where he saw it or what it did. Can anyone help me out with this? Thanks, richard
roberto@erg.sri.com (Roberto Desimone) (01/31/91)
In article <RICHARD.91Jan31145856@mullauna.cs.mu.OZ.AU> richard@cs.mu.OZ.AU (Richard Hagen) writes: >I'm interested in the analysis of explanations, and a friend of mine >mentioned that he had seen a paper about a system by Alan Bundy called >PRESS that might interest me. Unfortunately he couldn't supply me with >any details of where he saw it or what it did. > >Can anyone help me out with this? I had the privilege of being one of Alan Bundy's grad students for a few years and played about with PRESS for a while. PRESS is a system for solving algebraic equations, written in PROLOG. It makes use of a meta theory to guide the selection of rewrite rules to solve equations. It's pretty impressive, and able to solve 80%+ of algebraic equations from UK GCE A'level Mathematics papers. Another grad student (of Alan Bundy's) Bernard Silver developed LP (which stands for Learning PRESS). This system extended the performance of PRESS to ~90% by learning the strategies for solving equations that PRESS couldn't. Here are references, including some of Bernard's, which provide a good analysis of some of the limitations of PRESS. For further info you should probably get in touch with Alan. His e-mail is: a.bundy@edinburgh.ac.uk Last I heard Bernard Silver was working for GTE in Boston. Last e-mail address I have is: silver@ai.ai.mit.edu @inproceedings(pub171, author = "Sterling, L. and Bundy, A. and Byrd, L. and O'Keefe, R. and Silver, B.", title = "{Solving Symbolic Equations with PRESS}", booktitle = "Computer Algebra, Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 144.", year = 1982, editor = "Calmet, J.", publisher = "Springer Verlag", pages = "109-116", note = " Also available from Edinburgh as Research Paper 171 and in J. Symbolic Computation (1989) Vol 7, pp 71-84.") @inproceedings(pub220, key = "Silver", author = "Silver, B.", title = "Precondition Analysis: Learning Control Information", editors = "Michalski, R.S. and Carbonell, J.G. and Mitchell, T.M.", booktitle = "Machine Learning 2", publisher = "Tioga Publishing Company", year = 1984) @book(silverphdbook, key = "Silver", author = "Silver, B.", title = "Meta-level inference: Representing and Learning Control Information in Artificial Intelligence", publisher = "North Holland", year = 1985, note = "Revised version of the author's PhD thesis, DAI 1984") -- Roberto Desimone roberto@erg.sri.com Tel: (415) 859-4038 SRI International (EK335), 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025
bs30@sirius.gte.com (Bernard Silver) (02/01/91)
In Message-ID: <RICHARD.91Jan31145856@mullauna.cs.mu.OZ.AU> richard@cs.mu.OZ.AU (Richard Hagen) writes: > I'm interested in the analysis of explanations, and a friend of mine > mentioned that he had seen a paper about a system by Alan Bundy called > PRESS that might interest me. Unfortunately he couldn't supply me with > any details of where he saw it or what it did. PRESS was a system for solving symbolic equations of British upper high school level (e.g. cos(x)+ cos(2.x) + cos(3.x) = 0). The major references are "Using meta-level inference for selective application of multiple rewrite rules in algebraic manipulation" by Bundy and Welham, Artificial Intelligence 16(2), 1981, pages 189-212, and "Solving Symbolic Equations with PRESS", by Sterling, Bundy, Byrd, O'Keefe and Silver", Journal of Symbolic Computation, Volume 7, 1989. However, PRESS had little to do with the analysis of explanations! I wrote a learning version of PRESS, called LP, that did analyse examples to produce explanations, (which is closer but not very). References there are: "Precondition Analysis: Learning Control Information" by Silver, in Machine Learning, An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Volume 2 (Michalski, Carbonell and Mitchell editors), 1986, and "Meta-Level Inference", by Silver, North Holland, 1986. (Studies in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Number 1) -- Bernard Silver GTE Laboratories bsilver@gte.com (617) 466-2663
mittal@isi.edu (Vibhu O. Mittal) (02/01/91)
-> From: richard@cs.mu.OZ.AU (Richard Hagen)
->
-> I'm interested in the analysis of explanations, and a friend of mine
-> mentioned that he had seen a paper about a system by Alan Bundy called
-> PRESS that might interest me. Unfortunately he couldn't supply me with
-> any details of where he saw it or what it did.
->
-> Can anyone help me out with this?
->
-> Thanks,
->
-> richard
While I cannot give you any information on PRESS' ability for
explaining things, I can give you a pointer to some work by the EES
(Explainable Expert Systems) Group at USC/ISI on explanation. Should
it sound interesting to you, you can drop me a line for further
references or work currently being done here. Apologies for the BibTeX
format.
Cheers,
- Vibhu
----------------
@article(SwartoutAIJ,
Year="1983",
Month="September",
Author="Swartout, W. R.",
Title="XPLAIN: A System for Creating and Explaining Expert
Consulting Systems",
Note="Also available as ISI/RS-83-4",
Journal="Artificial Intelligence",
Number="3",
Volume="21",
Pages="285-325")
@inproceedings(aamsi,
Author="Swartout, William R.",
Organization="American Association of Medical Systems and Informatics",
Pages="102-106",
FullAuthor="William R. Swartout",
Title="Beyond XPLAIN: toward more explainable expert systems",
Booktitle="Proceedings of the Congress of the American Association of
Medical Systems and Informatics",
Year="1986")
@InCollection(ClanceyShortliffe-book,
Author="Swartout, William R.",
Booktitle="Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence: The First Decade",
Publisher="Addision-Wesley",
Title="Explaining and Justifying Expert Consulting Programs",
Year="1984",
Editors="Clancey, W. and Shortliffe, E.")
@Article(EES,
Title="Enhanced Maintenance and Explanation of Expert Systems
Through Explicit Models of Their Development",
Journal="IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
Number="11",
Month="November",
Pages="1337-1351",
Volume="SE-11",
Author="Neches, Robert and Swartout, William R. and Moore, Johanna D.",
Year="1985",
FullAuthor="Robert Neches, William R. Swartout, and Johanna D. Moore",
)
@InProceedings(Moore-Swartout,
Title="A Reactive Approach to Explanation",
Author="Moore, J. D. and Swartout, W. D.",
Organization="IJCAI",
Booktitle="Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on
Artificial Intelligence",
Address="Detroit, MI",Pages="1505-1510",Month="August",
FullAuthor="Johanna D. Moore and William R. Swartout")
@INCOLLECTION{paris-catalina,
Author = "C{\'e}cile L. Paris",
Title = "{Generation and Explanation: Building an explanation
facility for the Explainable Expert Systems framework}",
Booktitle = "Selected papers from the 4th International Workshop on
text generation",
Publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
Year = "1990",
Editor = "C. L. Paris and W. R. Swartout and W. Mann"
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vibhu Mittal e-mail: mittal@isi.edu
USC/Information Sciences Institute Phone: (213) 822-1511
4676 Admiralty Way
Marina del Rey, CA 90292
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------cmiller@SRC.Honeywell.COM (Chris Miller) (02/06/91)
Hmmm . . . Although you all have been very helpful in supplying references and brief descriptions for this system, the original poster said his focus was on the analysis of explanations. I haven't been able to see the connections between the descriptions of the PRESS system posted here and the focus on explanation. Could someone spell it out for me?? --Chris