usenet@gatech.edu (06/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 29 May 1987 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent
version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay
service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff.
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, mnetor--seismo,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 June 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
watmath------------------------utgpu
| |
| |
ihnp4-----------cbosgd--------------clyde-------------bellcore |
: | |\ |
: | | \ |
alberta (to rutgers) | ulysses |
| | |
| | |
ubc-vision.......uw-beaver------------------------tektronix | |
/ | | |
/------cae780-----/ | | |
/ | | |
kddlab.................hplabs---------------------decwrl | | |
: : | | | |
: /-------------amdahl----(to seismo) | | | |
: / | | | |
: ames--------------sdcsvax----------------ucbvax | | | utzoo
: | \ \ | | | |
: | (to rutgers) \ | | | |
: | \ | | | |
: hao----------------gatech /------------------decvax |
: | \ | | | / | |
: | (to husc6) | | | / linus |
: | | | | / | | |
: | rutgers | mcnc | | |
: | / | | | philabs | |
: | (to clyde, | | | | | |
: | cmcl2, ames) | | | (to rutgers)--cmcl2 | |
: | | | | \ | | |
: | | | | (to amdahl) \ | | |
: | | | | / \ | | |
: nbires-------------seismo------------------------husc6--(to hao) |
: / : \ |
mcvax------------------/ : \....................................mnetor
| :
(see below) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Icelandusenet@gatech.edu (07/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 29 May 1987 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent
version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay
service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff.
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, mnetor--seismo,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 July 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
watmath------------------------utgpu
| |
| |
ihnp4-----------cbosgd--------------clyde-------------bellcore |
: | |\ |
: | | \ |
alberta (to rutgers) | ulysses |
| | |
| | |
ubc-vision.......uw-beaver------------------------tektronix | |
/ | | |
/------cae780-----/ | | |
/ | | |
kddlab.................hplabs---------------------decwrl | | |
: : | | | |
: /-------------amdahl----(to seismo) | | | |
: / | | | |
: ames--------------sdcsvax----------------ucbvax | | | utzoo
: | \ \ | | | |
: | (to rutgers) \ | | | |
: | \ | | | |
: hao----------------gatech /------------------decvax |
: | \ | | | / | |
: | (to husc6) | | | / linus |
: | | | | / | | |
: | rutgers | mcnc | | |
: | / | | | philabs | |
: | (to clyde, | | | | | |
: | cmcl2, ames) | | | (to rutgers)--cmcl2 | |
: | | | | \ | | |
: | | | | (to amdahl) \ | | |
: | | | | / \ | | |
: nbires-------------seismo------------------------husc6--(to hao) |
: / : \ |
mcvax------------------/ : \....................................mnetor
| :
(see below) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Icelandspaf@arthur.cs.purdue.edu (Gene Spafford) (09/15/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@purdue.edu)
[Most recent change: 7 September 1987 by spaf@purdue.edu (Gene Spafford)]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent
version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay
service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff.
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., uunet--munnari, mnetor--uunet,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 15 September 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
watmath------------------------utgpu
| |
| |
ihnp4-----------cbosgd--------------clyde-------------bellcore |
: | / |\ |
: (to rutgers)---------/ | \ |
alberta | ulysses |
| (to mit-eddie) | |
| : | |
ubc-vision..............uw-beaver-----------------tektronix | |
/ | | |
/------cae780-----/ | | |
/ | | |
kddlab.................hplabs---------------------decwrl | | |
: / | | | |
: ................./ | | | |
: : | | | |
: : sdcsvax------------------------------ucbvax | | | utzoo
: : | / \ | | | |
: : | --------------------------------/ \ | | | |
: : | | \ | | | |
: : | | mcnc----------------------------decvax |
: : | | | \ | |
: : | | | \ linus |
: : | | | (to rutgers) | | |
: : | | | philabs | |
: : | | | (to ames, bellcore, | | |
: : | | | clyde, mcnc)\ cmcl2 | |
: : | | | \ / | | |
: : | / | \ / | | |
: : | / gatech----------------rutgers----husc6--(to hao) |
: : | / | \ | |
: : |/ | \ | |
: : ames---------hao-----(to husc6) mit-eddie |
: : / : : |
: amdahl---------\ nbires (to uw-beaver) |
: \ | |
mcvax-----------------uunet.......................................mnetor
| :
(see below) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
--
Gene Spafford
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafspaf@arthur.cs.purdue.edu.UUCP (10/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@purdue.edu) [Most recent change: 17 September 1987 by biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff. Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., uunet--munnari, mnetor--uunet, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 1 October 1987 (dotted lines show restricted links): ulysses /-----------------------------------------------------\ | / \ bellcore ihnp4.....alberta (to mit-eddie) \ (to linus) | | | | : \ | | clyde-----cbosgd ucb-vision.....uw-beaver-----tektronix-----decvax-\ | / \ | | | \ | | watmath (to hao) munnari (see below) cae780 | | | | | | \ : / | | | | | | utgpu nbires : mcvax.....kddlab.....hplabs---decwrl | | | | | \ : / : / | | | utzoo-----mnetor......uunet--------------------amdahl ucbvax---/ | | | | / | | | | /-------------------------------------------------ames-----sdcsvax | | | / | | | | | /---cmcl2-----philabs | | | | | / | | | | rutgers-----husc6-----linus---(to decvax) (to nbires) | | | | \ | \ : | | | | \ | \-------------------\ : | | | | \ | \ : / | \ \ mit-eddie....(to uw-beaver) \-----hao-------/ | \ \ | | \ \--------------------------------------gatech----------------------mcnc \ / \-----------------------------------------------------------------/ This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland | \ | / | enea -> Sweden | \ | / | diku -> Denmark | \ | / | unido -> W. Germany | \ | / | inria -> France inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ | i2unix -> Italy tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria hafro -> Iceland -- Gene Spafford Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004 Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spaf
spaf@arthur.cs.purdue.edu (Gene Spafford) (11/03/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@purdue.edu) [Most recent change: 8 October 1987 by biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff. Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., uunet--munnari, mnetor--uunet, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 2 November 1987 (dotted lines show restricted links): ulysses /-----------------------------------------------------\ | / \ bellcore ihnp4-----alberta (to mit-eddie) \ (to linus) | | | | : \ | | clyde-----cbosgd ucb-vision.....uw-beaver-----tektronix-----decvax-\ | / \ | | | \ | | watmath (to hao) munnari (see below) cae780 | | | | | | \ : / | | | | | | utgpu nbires : mcvax.....kddlab.....hplabs---decwrl | | | | | \ : / : / | | | utzoo-----mnetor......uunet--------------------amdahl ucbvax---/ | | | | / | | | | /-------------------------------------------------ames-----sdcsvax | | | / | | | | | /---cmcl2-----philabs | | | | | / | | | | rutgers-----husc6-----linus---(to decvax) (to nbires) | | | | \ | \ : | | | | \ | \-------------------\ : | | | | \ | \ : / | \ \ mit-eddie....(to uw-beaver) \-----hao-------/ | \ \ | | \ \--------------------------------------gatech----------------------mcnc \ / \-----------------------------------------------------------------/ This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland | \ | / | enea -> Sweden | \ | / | diku -> Denmark | \ | / | unido -> W. Germany | \ | / | inria -> France inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ | i2unix -> Italy tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria hafro -> Iceland -- Gene Spafford Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004 Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spaf
spaf@uther.cs.purdue.edu.UUCP (12/02/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@purdue.edu) [Most recent change: 16 November 1987 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff. Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari, mnetor--uunet, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of (dotted lines show restricted links): ulysses /-----------------------------------------------------\ | / \ bellcore ihnp4-----alberta (to mit-eddie) \ (to linus) | | | | : \ | | clyde-----cbosgd ubc-vision.....uw-beaver-----tektronix-----decvax-\ | / | | | | \ | | | vuwcomp | | | \ | | | : | | | \ | | watmath (to hao) munnari (see below) cae780 | | | | | | : : / | | | | | | utgpu nbires : mcvax.....kddlab.....hplabs---decwrl | | | | | \ : / : / | | | utzoo-----mnetor......uunet--------------------amdahl ucbvax---/ | | | | / | | | | /-------------------------------------------------ames-----sdcsvax | | | / | | | | | /---cmcl2-----philabs | | | | | / | | | | rutgers-----husc6-----linus---(to decvax) (to nbires) | | | | \ | \ : | | | | \ | \-------------------\ : | | | | \ | \ : / | \ \ mit-eddie....(to uw-beaver) \-----hao-------/ | \ \ | | \ \--------------------------------------gatech----------------------mcnc \ / \-----------------------------------------------------------------/ This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland | \ | / | enea -> Sweden | \ | / | diku -> Denmark | \ | / | unido -> W. Germany | \ | / | inria -> France inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ | i2unix -> Italy tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria hafro -> Iceland -- Gene Spafford Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004 Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spaf
spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (01/02/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@purdue.edu)
[Most recent change: 10 December 1987 by biep@cs.vu.nl]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.) Backbone sites are also expected to be running a recent
version of the news software, provide a stable news and mail relay
service, and be maintained by reasonably adept and responsible staff.
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari, mnetor--uunet,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 January 1988 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
/-----------------------------------------------------\
/ \
bellcore-----ulysses alberta-----ucb-vision \ (linus)
| | | : \ |
| clyde-----cbosgd-----ihnp4 uw-beaver-----tektronix-----decvax-\
| / | : | | | \
| | watmath-----utgpu vuwcomp (europe) (mit-eddie) cae780 | | |
| | | : | | | | |
| | (ames) utzoo munnari mcvax ... kddlab ... hplabs---decwrl | |
| | / | : / : | |
| | / mnetor ... uunet----------------------amdahl | |
| | / \ | | |
| | | /---cmcl2-----philabs \---------nbires | / |
| | | / | | : | / |
rutgers-----husc6-----linus-----(decvax) : | /----ucbvax |
| | \ | \ : | / | |
| | \ | \---------------------------hao-------ames-----sdcsvax |
| | \ | | | |
\ \ mit-eddie ... (uw-beaver) | (rutgers) |
\ \ | |
\ \--------------------------------------gatech----------------------mcnc
\ /
\-----------------------------------------------------------------/
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
--
Gene Spafford
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafmatt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Ka Kahula) (01/03/88)
All right, let me put it another way this time. How do you know that there are no sites other than the ones you list which exchange all news with two sites that are on the list and which run recent news software, maintain reliable mailers and are staffed by adept and responsible people? I have NEVER seen evidence that you check for the existence of any. If, in fact, you don't then your so-called backbone is nothing but a club and you should not try to pass it off as anything else. Matt Crawford
rcj@moss.ATT.COM (01/03/88)
}How do you know that there are no sites other than the ones you list }which exchange all news with two sites that are on the list and which }run recent news software, maintain reliable mailers and are staffed }by adept and responsible people? I have NEVER seen evidence that you }check for the existence of any. If, in fact, you don't then your }so-called backbone is nothing but a club and you should not try to }pass it off as anything else. } Matt Crawford Good point -- I'd be interested to see the response (e-mail) to your article. The connections part should be relatively trivial to do, given the map entries, but the reliable admin portion would be a bit tougher. I'd be willing to make it a rule that if a given site: a) is not a leaf node, b) exchanges "all" news (i.e., everything but alt) with at least some N (?2? ?3?) sites, none of whom is a leaf node that site should be considered a backbone site and be offered a slot on the backbone mailing list and all those other secret black ritualistic things. To get "kicked out of the club" the site would have to drop below the required N full feeds; whether this was because of money, time, or fed sites leaving because the feeder had poor administration is really not an issue. The MAD Programmer -- 201-386-6409 (Cornet 232) alias: Curtis Jackson ...![ ihnp4 ulysses cbosgd allegra ]!moss!rcj ...![ ihnp4 cbosgd akgua watmath ]!clyde!rcj
heiby@falkor.UUCP (Ron Heiby) (01/03/88)
Ka Kahula (matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU) writes: > How do you know that there are no sites other than the ones you list > which exchange all news ..., run recent news software, maintain reliable > mailers and are staffed by adept and responsible people? Matt, you seem to have a slightly distorted view of the universe. It is well known that there are other sites that meet the "requirements" for being a backbone site. However, another requirement does exist. The site admin must have some desire to be on the backbone list. Doing so gains the person some level of notoriety and opens them up for strange email coming from obscure corners of the net. It also tends to add some amount to that person's work load. The admin must be interested in being so identified. I know that there are sites that have specifically asked *not* to be listed on the backbone map, even though they do help out in a number of ways. If you (or your site admin) thinks that oddjob "qualifies" and wants to help out, I'm sure that it can be arranged. By the way, how about a feed once you become a backbone site? :-) -- Ron Heiby, heiby@mcdchg.UUCP Moderator: comp.newprod & comp.unix "Intel architectures build character."
spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (01/03/88)
In article <14191@oddjob.UChicago.EDU> matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU rants: >How do you know that there are no sites other than the ones you list >which exchange all news with two sites that are on the list and which >run recent news software, maintain reliable mailers and are staffed >by adept and responsible people? I have NEVER seen evidence that you >check for the existence of any. If, in fact, you don't then your >so-called backbone is nothing but a club and you should not try to >pass it off as anything else. Bad day, Matt? No, I don't try to make the list exhaustive and neither does anyone else for one simple reason: if admins don't want their sites listed as a "backbone" site, they aren't. If some admin sends mail to the backbone list and shows they meet all the other requirements *and* they request to be added to the list, I add them to the list. Those requirements include more that just recent software and reliable mailers, btw. There have been occasions in the past where we have contacted admins at a site and noted that they meet the requirements and asked if they want to be so designated. Two of the last three I contacted this way indicated they did *not* want to be listed because of all the abuse heaped upon site admins listed as "backbone," or because they wanted to keep their news activity at a low profile, or because they didn't want one of their news links widely publicized. I'm sorry that you "have NEVER seen any evidence..." -- I didn't know you were supposed to be notified whenever anyone sent mail about this. The "backbone" is not a club in any sense, unless you consider the Usenet itself a "club." Rather, "backbone" is an informal designation intended to help other sites improve news propagation, find where to obtain the latest news software, know where to obtain experienced and (usually) cooperative assistance, provide reliable "anchor" service for UUCP mail, and provide a very knowledgeable and experienced group of news users and admins to discuss items of mutual interest and develop new software. Not every site meets those requirements, nor does every site admin want to be widely known as willing to provide such assistance to the rest of the Usenet. I'm not sure what you are upset about, considering that your posting is the first thing I can recall seeing from you on the subject. From what you wrote, I suspect that there is something in particular that prompted your outburst, but I cannot tell from your posting what it might be. Whatever it was, I hope this addresses it. Also, may I suggest that next time you consider some e-mail or a more restrained posting to discover the facts before you blast away in public? -- Gene Spafford Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004 Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spaf
rick@pcrat.UUCP (Rick Richardson) (01/03/88)
In article <2844@arthur.cs.purdue.edu> spaf@uther.cs.purdue.edu.UUCP (Gene Spafford) writes: >In article <14191@oddjob.UChicago.EDU> matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU rants: >>How do you know that there are no sites other than the ones you list > >Bad day, Matt? > No, this is the infamous "Backbone Flame". Despite what many think, USENET will survive without the generous censorship of "The Backbone". Details on request. -- Rick Richardson, President, PC Research, Inc. (201) 542-3734 (voice, nights) OR (201) 834-1378 (voice, days) seismo!uunet!pcrat!rick
rsk@s.cc.purdue.edu (Frozen Wombat) (01/04/88)
In article <443@pcrat.UUCP> rick@pcrat.UUCP (Rick Richardson) writes: >No, this is the infamous "Backbone Flame". Despite what many think, >USENET will survive without the generous censorship of "The Backbone". > >seismo!uunet!pcrat!rick Ah, but you won't be getting much mail without "The Backbone", since your return route goes through a backbone site. :-) Seriously, though, this is a really stupid remark. I've been around Usenet since about 1980, and have yet to see any evidence of "censorship" on the part of the backbone. No, I'm not blind; yes, I have a liberal definition of censorship; and yes, I'm very well aware of what the backbone does. Would those or you (like Rick) who find it so distasteful kindly go somewhere else with your ill-informed speculations? Sheesh, I don't understand how you can hold your nose and type at the same time. -- Rich Kulawiec, rsk@s.cc.purdue.edu, s.cc.purdue.edu!rsk
david@ms.uky.edu (David Herron -- Resident E-mail Hack) (01/04/88)
In article <14191@oddjob.UChicago.EDU> matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Ka Kahula) writes: >All right, let me put it another way this time. > >How do you know that there are no sites other than the ones you list >which exchange all news with two sites that are on the list and which >run recent news software, maintain reliable mailers and are staffed >by adept and responsible people? I have NEVER seen evidence that you >check for the existence of any. If, in fact, you don't then your >so-called backbone is nothing but a club and you should not try to >pass it off as anything else. > Matt Crawford well yeah .. yer right. we exchange full news feeds with 2 backbones (rutgers and gatech). We also are the sole news source for most of the sites in Kentucky (geographical area). We also are a major news source for some of the bitnet people. We also have a reliable mailer which is staffed by an adept person (me). yet we're not on the backbone ... On the other hand we don't pay out many hundreds of dollars per month on phone bills. Instead, our backbone links are over the Internet with NNTP. (We also exchange news with 2 other sites with NNTP nrl-cmf and husc6). I think it's a club ... :-) -- <---- David Herron -- The E-Mail guy <david@ms.uky.edu> <---- or: {rutgers,uunet,cbosgd}!ukma!david, david@UKMA.BITNET <---- <---- Winter health warning: Remember, don't eat the yellow snow!
rick@pcrat.UUCP (Rick Richardson) (01/04/88)
In article <1846@s.cc.purdue.edu> rsk@s.cc.purdue.edu.UUCP (Frozen Wombat) writes: >In article <443@pcrat.UUCP> rick@pcrat.UUCP (Rick Richardson) writes: >>No, this is the infamous "Backbone Flame". Despite what many think, >>USENET will survive without the generous censorship of "The Backbone". >> >>seismo!uunet!pcrat!rick > >Ah, but you won't be getting much mail without "The Backbone", since your >return route goes through a backbone site. :-) UUCP mail is not a part of USENET. In fact, I'll continue to get mail no matter what happens to USENET itself. AT&T provides uucp access with the "attmail" service. >Seriously, though, this is a really stupid remark. I've been around Usenet >since about 1980, and have yet to see any evidence of "censorship" on the >part of the backbone. No, I'm not blind; yes, I have a liberal definition >of censorship; and yes, I'm very well aware of what the backbone does. Just try to create a newsgroup without "Backbone" support. It'll be deleted. Yet, ARPA "inet" newsgroups get converted to USENET groups with nary a vote. How about net.jokes? I believe that group was victimized by censorship at a backbone site around 1982. >Would those or you (like Rick) who find it so distasteful kindly go >somewhere else with your ill-informed speculations? I've already gone somewhere ... to UUNET. "We don't like your views, so please leave" - hmm, smacks of censorship to me. -- Rick Richardson, President, PC Research, Inc. (201) 542-3734 (voice, nights) OR (201) 834-1378 (voice, days) seismo!uunet!pcrat!rick
jbuck@epimass.EPI.COM (Joe Buck) (01/05/88)
Matt and Curtis and other curious people:
One way to automatically generate a backbone map is to use a
"transitive closure" algorithm: assume certain "obvious" sites
are on the backbone and then collect paths that lead from one
backbone site to another, add them to the list, and so on.
I wrote some awk scripts to do this, and to do do other operations
on a list of "Path:" headers, and they can be obtained from the
comp.sources.unix archives. I believe the archive name is
"getpaths".
The result? The backbone is about twice as big as Spaf's map
indicates it is, pretty much a strict superset. For the most
part, the "extra" sites don't want to be on the map for political
reasons. Political reality #1: Usenet is much more dependent on
the Arpa Internet and NNTP than the backbone map would indicate.
--
- Joe Buck {uunet,ucbvax,sun,decwrl,<smart-site>}!epimass.epi.com!jbuck
Old internet mailers: jbuck%epimass.epi.com@uunet.uu.net
Argue for your limitations and you get to keep them. -- Richard Bachmatt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Maxwell House Daemon) (01/05/88)
Gene Spafford writes:
) If some admin sends mail to the backbone list and shows they meet
) all the other requirements *and* they request to be added to the
) list, I add them to the list. Those requirements include more that
) just recent software and reliable mailers, btw. ...
)
) I'm not sure what you are upset about, considering that your posting is
) the first thing I can recall seeing from you on the subject.
Typical. A year or more ago I wrote you mail about this. You never
replied. About 5 months ago I posted. You responded, saying that
you never saw my mail. (And my mailer works quite well, young man.)
Now you say you saw neither the very old mail nor the very article
you answered! That kind of makes your following words a little lame:
) Also, may I suggest that next time you consider some e-mail or a
) more restrained posting to discover the facts before you blast away
) in public?
My primary objection is that every month you post a message saying "A
backbone site is one which has properties A, B and C." Anyone can
see that there are other requirements which are not mentioned. You
yourself admit that there are. At the time of my first writing there
was a "backbone" site that clearly didn't meet even the publicly-
stated part of the conditions. That one is gone now, but there seems
to be another such. Someone has drawn my attention by mail to
another dubious case.
) ... Rather, "backbone" is an informal designation intended to ...
) improve news propagation, ...
If that is the goal, then maybe the backbone should be defined as
those sites that appear most often in the "Path" lines.
) ... find where to obtain the latest news software, ...
Oh? In that case the backbone is simply uunet! Point everyone there.
) ... know where to obtain experienced and (usually) cooperative
) assistance ...
In that case, list the backbone SAs' phone numbers along with the
drawing!
) provide reliable "anchor" service for UUCP mail,
Like husc6 that for weeks sent out a ".UUX" on the end of uucp
addresses? Like rutgers, which prompted one user at ihlpl to write:
ps. Please be advised that rutgers eats ALL my personal
correspondents, and if anyone knows how to circumvent that
machine, I'll be eternally greatful.
? Or like hao, which turns domainful "!" addresses into mixed "!"
and "@"?
) and provide a very knowledgeable and experienced group of news
) users and admins to discuss items of mutual interest and develop
) new software.
Now we're getting down to the real intent, at least as it is
perceived by the outsiders. The backbone are those people who want
to make the rules, insofar as there are any at all.
This has gotten more rabid than I intended to get, but I still stand
by the content.
Matt Crawfordmatt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Maxwell House Daemon) (01/05/88)
David Herron writes:
) yer right. we exchange full news feeds with 2 backbones. We also
) are the sole news source for most of the sites in Kentucky ... yet
) we're not on the backbone ... Instead, our backbone links are over
) the Internet with NNTP.
I think that nearly the same could be said of "official" backbone
site cmcl2.
Mattwoods@hao.ucar.edu (Greg Woods) (01/05/88)
In article <14203@oddjob.UChicago.EDU> matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Maxwell House Daemon) writes: >My primary objection is that every month you post a message saying "A >backbone site is one which has properties A, B and C." Anyone can >see that there are other requirements which are not mentioned.' Point taken. Gene should probably add "and have specifically asked to be included on the list of backbone sites, opening themselves up to both abuse and questions from the entire net". >If that is the goal, then maybe the backbone should be defined as >those sites that appear most often in the "Path" lines. As hinted at above, there are many such sites that do not WANT to be listed as backbone sites. This has to be taken into consideration too. >In that case, list the backbone SAs' phone numbers along with the >drawing! In my case at least, willingness to respond to E-mail questions at *my* convenience does NOT imply a willingness to be interrupted on the phone whenever any USENET reader wants to ask a question. I have a real job to do. I answer questions to the best of my ability (and try to make appropriate references when I don't think I have the answer) WHEN I HAVE THE TIME. With mail, this is possible; with the phone, it isn't, at least not without a lot of wasted time. Surely you can see that. >? Or like hao, which turns domainful "!" addresses into mixed "!" >and "@"? Being on the backbone requires responsiveness, not perfection. Nor does the phrase "reasonably adept" imply "knows everything there is to know about sendmail". For one thing, this is the first I've heard of this. To paraphrase Gene, you could have sent me mail about this before giving me a bad name in public. Better still, you could help me fix it. My ego isn't that big; if someone thinks I'm doing something wrong and can tell me how (or just help) to fix it, I would be grateful. I would be grateful (and a LOT more responsive) if you didn't flame my site all over the entire net when I (and my site) are making every effort we can to keep this net going. >Now we're getting down to the real intent, at least as it is >perceived by the outsiders. The backbone are those people who want >to make the rules, insofar as there are any at all. I'd define it as "in a POSITION to make the rules", not "want" to. There's a lot of implications in that statement that are just not reality. None of us "want" to make the rules. We do what we feel we have to do in order to allow our sites to remain backbones (and therefore continue to provide the services we currently do) and to keep the exponentially growing net from collapsing under its own weight. My guess from this is that Matt wants to be a member of the backbone. Fine. We feed them and so, to my knowledge, do at least two other backbone sites. oddjob is also a main feed for the Chicago area (ihnp4 doesn't count.. :-) OK, Matt, if you want to be on the backbone admins list, just ask. Send mail to backbone@{rutgers,purdue}.edu and petition. But be careful what you wish for; you may get it. --Greg
fair@ucbarpa.Berkeley.EDU (Erik E. Fair) (01/05/88)
In the referenced article, jbuck@epimass.EPI.COM (Joe Buck) writes:
Political reality #1: Usenet is much more dependent on the
Arpa Internet and NNTP than the backbone map would indicate.
Shhhh! Not so loud! That's supposed to be a SECRET!
:-)
Erik E. Fair ucbvax!fair fair@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu
P.S. Wait 'til we release the new version with DECNET support.
The DEC E-net will never know what hit 'em...spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (01/05/88)
In article <14203@oddjob.UChicago.EDU> matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU responds: >Gene Spafford writes: > >)...some lines from my original response... > >Typical. A year or more ago I wrote you mail about this. You never >replied. About 5 months ago I posted. You responded, saying that >you never saw my mail. (And my mailer works quite well, young man.) >Now you say you saw neither the very old mail nor the very article >you answered! That kind of makes your following words a little lame: My words have no sign of a limp, that I can tell. :-) 1) I still don't ever recall getting your mail. Just because you have a fine, well-working mailer doesn't mean all your mail gets delivered, especially if it uses uucp. Then again, if it was as testy as your postings, I might have simply discarded it -- no one pays me to read abusive mail. 2) Read my original reply -- I said I do not *recall* any previous posting. I did not claim you didn't make one....simply that it was not memorable (to me). I will probably forget this interchange in a few months, too. I did not realize I had to archive all of your postings. 3) How do you know I'm a young man? Does that change how your mailer works? Or are you trying to imply something about my memory? >My primary objection is that every month you post a message saying "A >backbone site is one which has properties A, B and C." Anyone can >see that there are other requirements which are not mentioned. You >yourself admit that there are. At the time of my first writing there >was a "backbone" site that clearly didn't meet even the publicly- >stated part of the conditions. That one is gone now, but there seems >to be another such. Someone has drawn my attention by mail to >another dubious case. Well why didn't you say so? Why don't you send me mail and ask about the sites in question? Why don't you come up with some suggestions about how to reword the backbone article to clear up the ambiguities you perceive? I get (quite literally) dozens of suggestions for changes to the regular postings every month -- and I consider them all, and incorporate over half. And "...anyone can see..."? Really? >) ... Rather, "backbone" is an informal designation intended to ... >) improve news propagation, ... > >If that is the goal, then maybe the backbone should be defined as >those sites that appear most often in the "Path" lines. Greg Woods answered this -- not every site wants to be listed as a "backbone" site. In fact, some admins of very well-connected sites are worried about being so designated because of "political" hassles that might result. Furthermore, how far back do we check "Path:" lines, and relative to what sites do we perform the analysis? If we took *every* "Path:" line appearing at *every* site over the past 3 years, and then took the ones most often mentioned, I bet we'd come up with something very close to the current list. >) ... find where to obtain the latest news software, ... > >Oh? In that case the backbone is simply uunet! Point everyone there. This is a naive enough statement so that instead of belaboring the obvious, I will just assume you are being sarcastic rather than stupid. >) provide reliable "anchor" service for UUCP mail, > >Like husc6 that for weeks sent out a ".UUX" on the end of uucp >addresses? Like rutgers, which prompted one user at ihlpl to write: > > ps. Please be advised that rutgers eats ALL my personal > correspondents, and if anyone knows how to circumvent that > machine, I'll be eternally greatful. > Your mailer has never broken? Great! Let's have *everybody* route mail through your machine! As to the person who had rutgers eat all of his "personal correspondents," well, I guess that is one way to deal with obnoxious reporters :-) From my experience, rutgers has a pretty reliable mailer, and if someone is having problems it might be interesting to find out how they traced it down to specifically the rutgers system. Casting aspersions on other sites and admins because of intermittent mailer failures does *not* refute my original statement: given a path relative to one of the backbone machines means that your mail can be delivered with a much higher probability, especially if you are dealing with dumb uucp mailers. >) and provide a very knowledgeable and experienced group of news >) users and admins to discuss items of mutual interest and develop >) new software. > >Now we're getting down to the real intent, at least as it is >perceived by the outsiders. The backbone are those people who want >to make the rules, insofar as there are any at all. The folks on the backbone list are perhaps unique in that they really don't *want* to make any rules for anything outside of our own machines. Responsibility for making rules is a burden that none of them need in addition to everything else they have to do. Instead, most of them have been with the net for 4, 5, or more years and would like to see it continue. (In fact, we have the author of the very first news system, and at least one of the authors of each of A, B and C news on the list...it isn't a coincidence that their sites provide backbone-level support.) The backbone discusses very little, and what little is discussed in the mailing list is almost always also discussed in one of the public groups at the same time. Basically, the backbone group (and the moderators group) discusses how they intend to implement things FOR THEIR OWN SITES, and then integrate public comment and suggestions. We then implement whatever we decide AT OUR OWN SITES, suggest it to the net-at-large, and let others make their own decisions. If most sites want to follow the lead of the backbone, because of our experience and perspective, fine. If not, also fine. Why is there a list in the first place? Because no one person wants the BURDEN of making decisions, design or administrative, without feedback from others. Why not just post for feedback by everyone, every time? Because there are too many people on the network who post without knowing what they're talking about, or who flame without good reason, or who post without thinking about consequences. The people on the backbone list have had to administer major sites, including support of mail and news, for a long period of time. Generally, they are not hotheads, they have extensive practical experience, and they respect the opinions of their peers. Further, needs and constraints tend to be similar amongst many of the backbone sites. Different viewpoints and backgrounds allow members of the backbone to see solutions others might not, and cause them to defend different points of view. I could go on, but once again I am faced with the problem of not knowing what your complaint is. Do you not want the members of the backbone list to discuss things? Do you want another group of people added to the list? Do you want the posting modified? Or do you just like to flame? >This has gotten more rabid than I intended to get, but I still stand >by the content. > Matt Crawford Well, fine for you. I'm not interested in debating it further. However, I will offer the following to anyone interested and who has managed to read this far: 1) If you think the wording in the regular backbone posting should be modified, send me mail with your suggestions. Suggestions for changes to the other postings will also be cheerfully considered. It's *your* network! 2) If you think your site qualifies as a backbone site and you wish to be added to the map, send me mail and tell me about it. 3) If you think that you belong on the backbone mailing list even if you don't currently run a backbone site, but you have or believe you have some special insight you can add, let me know. If there isn't a flood of requests, maybe we'll add you to the mailing list; however, we might also expect you to help beta test software or gateway some mailing lists, or answer 10 gazillion (identical) questions from novice users. As Greg put it, be careful what you ask for -- you just might get it. -- Gene Spafford Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004 Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spaf
rsk@s.cc.purdue.edu (Frozen Wombat) (01/05/88)
In article <444@pcrat.UUCP> rick@pcrat.UUCP (Rick Richardson) writes: >Just try to create a newsgroup without "Backbone" support. It'll >be deleted. Yet, ARPA "inet" newsgroups get converted to USENET groups >with nary a vote. How about net.jokes? I believe that group >was victimized by censorship at a backbone site around 1982. 1. You can create a newsgroup without backbone support if you like; but many sites, possibly including many backbone sites, will not go along with you and create it on their machines. That's their choice, since it's their machines we're talking about. In fact, we have about three dozen newsgroups here that are only locally distributed, since it seems rather unlikely that the rest of the world would be interested in something along the lines of "purdue.cc.cs220" (For CS220 students). :-) You can also create a newsgroup without backbone support by joining the "alt" distribution, which does not operate under the same contraints/philosophy as the traditional Usenet backbone. 2. The Internet mailing lists that are now part of the inet distribution are not "Usenet" newsgroups; true, their names are in the same namespace, and they are exchanged between some of the sites that exchange the Usenet groups; but they are part of the "inet" distribution, and every site that sends/receives them has decided to do so freely. Please note that (as far as I am aware) no Usenet-wide newgrp messages were issued for those groups (however, there may have been inet-distribution-wide newgrp messages) so it is not accurate to call them "USENET groups". 3. I would like to know the details of this 1982 incident in net.jokes. However, I should point out that even if this incident is substantiated, it seems to me that 1 incident at 1 backbone site involving 1 newsgroup 5 years ago doesn't really conjure up visions of mass censorship. >>Would those of you (like Rick) who find it so distasteful kindly go >>somewhere else with your ill-informed speculations? > >I've already gone somewhere ... to UUNET. "We don't like your views, >so please leave" - hmm, smacks of censorship to me. Clearly, we have differing views of what censorship is; politely asking someone to move their uninformed opinions elsewhere is quite different from taking active steps to ensure that their views are not heard. The former is called "exasperation"; the latter, "censorship". This is a recurring problem; those folks who seem the most annoyed with "The Evil Backbone and The Dark Lords of Usenet" always seem to be the most under-informed. -- Rich Kulawiec, rsk@s.cc.purdue.edu, s.cc.purdue.edu!rsk
jra@jc3b21.UUCP (Jay R. Ashworth) (01/06/88)
In article <14203@oddjob.UChicago.EDU>, matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Maxwell House Daemon) says: | | Gene Spafford writes: | | ) If some admin sends mail to the backbone list and shows they meet | ) all the other requirements *and* they request to be added to the | ) list, I add them to the list. Those requirements include more that | ) just recent software and reliable mailers, btw. ... | ) | ) I'm not sure what you are upset about, considering that your posting is | ) the first thing I can recall seeing from you on the subject. | | Typical. A year or more ago I wrote you mail about this. You never | replied. About 5 months ago I posted. You responded, saying that | you never saw my mail. (And my mailer works quite well, young man.) | Now you say you saw neither the very old mail nor the very article | you answered! That kind of makes your following words a little lame: | | ) Also, may I suggest that next time you consider some e-mail or a | ) more restrained posting to discover the facts before you blast away | ) in public? [ Much other stuff deleted, this is my topic for reply. ] Matt, I'll do this for Spaf. (If you don't object, Gene?) Mr. Crawford, do you have *any* vague notion of how much mail this man gets? I was lucky enough to work with Spaf a little bit several years ago, while trying to get a news feed for St. Pete. JC, as well as Lindsay Cleveland (anybody remember him?), and Bob Kindleberger. I probably spent half an hour on the phone with him, and he helped enormously in getting things rolling. But do *I* expect him to remember me? Come on, Matt, the guy's mailbox is probably as big as your kernel. Give him a break. Or maybe, if you *really* want to take on some of this load yourself, you could get Rick Adams to hire you....? Well, it was just a thought. -- jra -- Jay R. Ashworth ---+-- The Great Ashworth & ------------+...!uunet!codas!pdn! 10974 111th St. N. | Petrillo Production Company | jc3b21!jra Seminole FL 34648 +-- watch for BayLink Public Access -+- UNIX ----+--------- (813) 397-1859 ----+-- Tampa Bay's Smallest Video Production House -+ :-) !$
rob@philabs.Philips.Com (Rob Robertson) (01/06/88)
In article <14204@oddjob.UChicago.EDU> matt rambles: |)David Herron writes: |) our backbone links are over the Internet with NNTP. | |I think that nearly the same could be said of "official" backbone |site cmcl2. wrong-o buckaroo. rob
mangoe@mimsy.UUCP (Charley Wingate) (01/06/88)
It's pretty clear that the trunk system of USENET involves more than the "backbone". It's also clear that when the sites of this trunk system decide to act together, their will will largely prevail (and when they act at odds with one another there is pure chaos). It seems to have been admitted that the "Backbone" consists of a subset of this trunk system which is willing to take on a certain responsibility for management of the system. This is, it seems, an unalterable fact of NETlife; if they don't go along with something, it won't work. A lot of the complaining going on about the backbone seems steadfast in its refusal to admit to this, and thus lacks a certain credibility. On the other hand, I don't see why the backbone article cannot be a little better descriptive of what the backbone is, because people are going to continue to play with the graph and conclude that the backbone is quite a bit larger than it is depicted-- and we'll go through this sort of complaint again. So why can't the backbone article add to the list of qualifications the willingness to be publicly listed as part of the backbone, with appropriate explanation? It would seem to be an easy way to save grief over this issue in the future. C. Wingate
jra@jc3b21.UUCP (Jay R. Ashworth) (01/06/88)
In article <14203@oddjob.UChicago.EDU>, matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Maxwell House Daemon) says: | | Gene Spafford writes: | | ) If some admin sends mail to the backbone list and shows they meet | ) all the other requirements *and* they request to be added to the | ) list, I add them to the list. Those requirements include more that | ) just recent software and reliable mailers, btw. ... | ) | ) I'm not sure what you are upset about, considering that your posting is | ) the first thing I can recall seeing from you on the subject. | | Typical. A year or more ago I wrote you mail about this. You never | replied. About 5 months ago I posted. You responded, saying that | you never saw my mail. (And my mailer works quite well, young man.) | Now you say you saw neither the very old mail nor the very article | you answered! That kind of makes your following words a little lame: | | ) Also, may I suggest that next time you consider some e-mail or a | ) more restrained posting to discover the facts before you blast away | ) in public? [ Much other stuff deleted, this is my topic for reply. ] Matt, I'll do this for Spaf. (If you don't object, Gene?) Mr. Crawford, do you have *any* vague notion of how much mail this man gets? I was lucky enough to work with Spaf a little bit several years ago, while trying to get a news feed for St. Pete. JC, as well as Lindsay Cleveland (anybody remember him?), and Bob Kindleberger. I probably spent half an hour on the phone with him, and he helped enormously in getting things rolling. But do *I* expect him to remember me? Come on, Matt, the guy's mailbox is probably as big as your kernel. Give him a break. Or maybe, if you *really* want to take on some of this load yourself, you could get Rick Adams to hire you....? Well, it was just a thought. -- jra -- Jay R. Ashworth ---+-- The Great Ashworth & ------------+...!uunet!codas!pdn! 10974 111th St. N. | Petrillo Production Company | jc3b21!jra Seminole FL 34648 +-- watch for BayLink Public Access -+- UNIX ----+--------- (813) 397-1859 ----+-- Tampa Bay's Smallest Video Production House -+ :-) !$
chip@ateng.UUCP (Chip Salzenberg) (01/07/88)
In article <444@pcrat.UUCP> rick@pcrat (Rick Richardson) writes: > >Just try to create a newsgroup without "Backbone" support. It'll >be deleted. Man, haven't you ever heard of alt? You can create a group there whenever you please. Also, see discussion of "anarchy" below. >How about net.jokes? I believe that group >was victimized by censorship at a backbone site around 1982. It's no use attacking the entire backbone for the actions of one sysadmin who no doubt acted on his own. >I've already gone somewhere ... to UUNET. Uunet _is_ a backbone site. Rick@uunet is _on_ the backbone mailing list. In your opinion, what separates purdue from uunet? I see no difference. >"We don't like your views, so please leave" > - hmm, smacks of censorship to me. That's _not_ what he said. He said, "If you're not happy with the situation, you're free to leave." Which you are. You're also free to stay. I think that you don't fully understand what anarchy is. In an anarchy, no one is in charge. Whatever you have the power to do, you can do. The backbone sites have no control over you, and you have no control over them. But by virtue of their connectivity, they have power over the flow of Usenet news. For example, you can create a new newsgroup, and if it doesn't flow through the backbone, they won't even see it, much less delete it. Of course, if it doesn't go through the backbone, it won't be widely distributed -- today. But you can make your own backbone. Or perhaps you should use alt groups, since the backbone doesn't mess with alt. If you want to form an alternative backbone and make your own mailing list, more power to you! (As a matter of fact, I'd like to be on that list if you start it.) If you don't like something, if it's in your power to do something about it, _no one can stop you_. That's anarchy. That is the current state of the Usenet. You can work with it, work to change it, or ignore it. It's up to you. -- Chip Salzenberg UUCP: "{codas,uunet}!ateng!chip" A T Engineering My employer's opinions are a trade secret. "Anything that works is better than anything that doesn't." -- me
matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Maxwell House Daemon) (01/08/88)
In article <246@jc3b21.UUCP> jra@jc3b21.UUCP (Jay R. Ashworth) writes:
) Mr. Crawford, do you have *any* vague notion of how much mail this man
) gets? ...
If he gets so much mail that he can't read it all or can't remember
it all then let him not say things like "next time send mail instead"!
) Come on, Matt, the guy's mailbox is probably as big as your kernel.
My own inbox today is twice as large as my kernel, and all my saved
mail together is 39 times as large as the kernel. So what? I think
Gene speaks for himself better than you do for him.
By the way, among the 16 Megs of mail I found the mail I referred to
in my second inflammatory message on the subject. At the time it was
written, the backbone maps were posted to mod.map.
================================
To: ihnp4!gatech!spaf
Phone: +1 312 702 8207
Subject: Re: The USENET Backbone (Last changed: 11 January 1987)
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 87 17:08:30 CST
Gene,
Two comments: Could you wrap the backbone postings into a
simple shar package? I and, I suppose, others run all mod.map
articles through an unshar program which looks for plausible and
safe shell commands. I get mail from it complaining about the
"backbone" articles.
The other thing is, what is this "faline" shown as part of the
backbone? It's not in the map anywhere. And why is Ulysses a
backbone site when its map entry lists no news neighbors? I
guess some info is just inconsistent.
Say, if the links ihnp4 -- gargoyle -- oddjob -- hao are all
full-service (except for talk.*), low-delay links, are gargoyle
and oddjob then backbone sites? Do we get robes for the cabal
meetings? (:-) I have just created a new link to hao (and am
working on one to the east coast) to reduce Chicago's dependence
on poor old ihnp4. Together gargoyle and oddjob feed about 8
other Chicago-area sites.
Matt
================================lindsay@dscatl.UUCP (Lindsay Cleveland) (01/10/88)
In article <248@jc3b21.UUCP>, jra@jc3b21.UUCP (Jay R. Ashworth) writes about Gene Spafford: > Mr. Crawford, do you have *any* vague notion of how much mail this man > gets? I was lucky enough to work with Spaf a little bit several years > ago, while trying to get a news feed for St. Pete. JC, as well as > Lindsay Cleveland (anybody remember him?), and Bob Kindleberger. I > probably spent half an hour on the phone with him, and he helped > enormously in getting things rolling. Thanks Jay...it's always nice to be remembered! I too was once a backbone administrator (akgua), but fortunately I've been able to move on to another plane of existence. I also had many opportunities of working with Gene, (as well as the honor and pleasure of attending his wedding and he mine). It still surprises me that he continues to do all that he does in the face of the grief he gets. The job he does is quite valuable to the net, and I have yet to see anyone else volunteering to take it on. Cheers, Lindsay Lindsay Cleveland Digital Systems Co. Atlanta, Ga gatech!dscatl!lindsay (404) 497-1902 (U.S. Mail: PO Box 1140, Duluth, GA 30136)
mangler@cit-vax.Caltech.Edu (Don Speck) (01/16/88)
In article <19508@clyde.ATT.COM>, rcj@moss.ATT.COM writes: > I'd be willing to make it a rule that if a given site: > > a) is not a leaf node, > b) exchanges "all" news (i.e., everything but alt) with > at least some N (?2? ?3?) sites, none of whom is a leaf node > > that site should be considered a backbone site and be offered a slot on > the backbone mailing list and all those other secret black ritualistic When the NNTP-managers mailing list was started, a similar membership rule was put forward, with N=3. The purpose of the NNTP-managers list is to promote efficient news distribution, and on the Internet this means that news should be exchanged only between sites on adjacent packet-switch nodes, so that news never traverses a cable twice. But many of the packet-switch nodes have fewer than 3 trunks connecting them to other packet switch nodes, and not all of those neighbors will be running NNTP. So for most of us, we can either have a voice on the list, or we can live up to its goals, but we can't do both. I think backbone sites should be judged by the quality of their service, not the quantity of their feeds. Don Speck speck@vlsi.caltech.edu {amdahl,ames!elroy}!cit-vax!speck
rsk@s.cc.purdue.edu.UUCP (01/17/88)
In article <5202@cit-vax.Caltech.Edu> mangler@cit-vax.Caltech.Edu (Don Speck) writes: (discussing the topology of the NNTP news-forwarding service) >I think backbone sites should be judged by the quality of their service, >not the quantity of their feeds. Don, I agree with you, but how can one quantify the quality of the service? Now, you and I (and perhaps some other people) might agree that if a site provides services X, Y, and Z in a reliable manner, that the site in question is of sufficient value to the network to be considered a backbone site; but what do we do if other people disagree with us (and someone inevitably will)? I'm not knocking your proposal (at least I'm not trying to); I'm just trying to figure out how it could be made independent of the opinions of a few people. Cheers, Rich
spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (02/04/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu)
[Most recent change: 31 January 1988 by biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia)
or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least
one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with
minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is
supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short
time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) To be
labelled as part of the "backbone," a site must also:
* be of sufficient capacity to handle the load of news;
* be of sufficient capacity and connectivity to handle the load
of mail generated by replies to news articles and as submissions
to mailing lists and moderated groups sent through the backbone;
* be running a recent version of the news software, and keep
up-to-date with new releases and patches;
* provide a stable news and mail relay service, preferably including
a mailer understanding domains and domain-based addressing;
* be staffed by experienced, responsible, capable staff who
will maintain news and mail, and quickly respond to problem
reports and requests for assistance;
* wish to be advertised as a backbone site, thus taking part in
discussions and debate as well as becoming a target for abuse
from the net-at-large;
* evidence some measure of financial and/or political stability
so as to be able to remain as a backbone site for the
indefinite future.
Site admins wishing their site included in this posting should
document the above points in mail to "backbone-request@rutgers.edu".
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari, mnetor--uunet,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
/---------------\ /----hao......nbires-------\ munnari...vuwcomp
/ \ / | \ \ :
/ linus----husc6 | \ (rutgers) uunet....mnetor---utzoo
| / | / | \ | \ | / : |
| (decvax) | | | ukma | \---ames----amdahl mcvax---(europe) |
| | | | | \ | | \ \ : |
\ philabs---cmcl2 | | \ | | ucsd : kddlab utgpu
\ \ | | gatech | / : : |
\ \ | | / | ucbvax : : (clyde)---watmath
\ \ | | / | | \ :
mit-eddie-----------rutgers---mcnc---decvax---decwrl---hplabs
: / | \ / | \ |
uw-beaver (ames) | bellcore | tektronix---cae780
/ : | / | | /
| ubc-vision cbosgd---clyde ulysses (linus) / The BACKBONE as of
\ \ | | / 3 February 1988
\ alberta---ihnp4 (watmath) /
\ / --- = full link
\----------------------------------------/ ... = restricted link
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
--
Gene Spafford
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafspaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (03/02/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu)
[Most recent change: 16 February 1988 by biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia)
or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least
one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with
minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is
supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short
time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) To be
labelled as part of the "backbone," a site must also:
* be of sufficient capacity to handle the load of news;
* be of sufficient capacity and connectivity to handle the load
of mail generated by replies to news articles and as submissions
to mailing lists and moderated groups sent through the backbone;
* be running a recent version of the news software, and keep
up-to-date with new releases and patches;
* provide a stable news and mail relay service, preferably including
a mailer understanding domains and domain-based addressing;
* be staffed by experienced, responsible, capable staff who
will maintain news and mail, and quickly respond to problem
reports and requests for assistance;
* wish to be advertised as a backbone site, thus taking part in
discussions and debate as well as becoming a target for abuse
from the net-at-large;
* evidence some measure of financial and/or political stability
so as to be able to remain as a backbone site for the
indefinite future.
Site admins wishing their site included in this posting should
document the above points in mail to "backbone-request@rutgers.edu".
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari, mnetor--uunet,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
/---------------\ /----hao......nbires-------\ munnari...vuwcomp
/ \ / | \ \ :
/ linus----husc6 | \ (rutgers) uunet....mnetor---utzoo
| / | / | \ | \ | / : |
| (decvax) | | | ukma | \---ames----amdahl mcvax---(europe) |
| | | | | \ | | \ \ : |
\ philabs---cmcl2 | | \ | | ucsd : kddlab utgpu
\ \ | | gatech | / | : : |
\ \ | | / | ucbvax (rutgers) : : (clyde)---watmath
\ \ | | / | | \ :
mit-eddie-----------rutgers---mcnc---decvax---decwrl---hplabs
: / | | \ / | \ |
uw-beaver (ames) | | bellcore | tektronix---cae780
/ : (ucsd)| / | | /
| ubc-vision cbosgd---clyde ulysses (linus) / The BACKBONE as of
\ \ | | / 1 March 1988
\ alberta---ihnp4 (watmath) /
\ / --- = full link
\----------------------------------------/ ... = restricted link
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
--
Gene Spafford
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafbob@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu (Bob Sutterfield) (03/02/88)
Your definition of a backbone site is in terms of news feeds. If a backbone site doesn't pass news any more, but performs all the other functions like reliable mail forwarding, etc.; is it still considered a backbone site? -- Bob Sutterfield, Department of Computer and Information Science The Ohio State University; 2036 Neil Ave. Columbus OH USA 43210-1277 bob@cis.ohio-state.edu or ...!cbosgd!osu-cis!bob
matt@oddjob.UChicago.EDU (Ke Kupua) (03/03/88)
Much better.
spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (04/04/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu) & biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)
[Most recent change: 3 April 1988 by spaf@cs.purdue.edu]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia)
or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least
one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with
minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is
supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short
time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) To be
labelled as part of the "backbone," a site must also:
* be of sufficient capacity to handle the load of news;
* be of sufficient capacity and connectivity to handle the load
of mail generated by replies to news articles and as submissions
to mailing lists and moderated groups sent through the backbone;
* be running a recent version of the news software, and keep
up-to-date with new releases and patches;
* provide a stable news and mail relay service, preferably including
a mailer understanding domains and domain-based addressing;
* be staffed by experienced, responsible, capable staff who
will maintain news and mail, and quickly respond to problem
reports and requests for assistance;
* wish to be advertised as a backbone site, thus taking part in
discussions and debate as well as becoming a target for abuse
from the net-at-large;
* evidence some measure of financial and/or political stability
so as to be able to remain as a backbone site for the
indefinite future.
Site admins wishing their site included in this posting should
document the above points in mail to "backbone-request@rutgers.edu".
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari, mnetor--uunet,
uw-beaver--ubc-vision, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
/---------------\ /----hao......nbires-------\ munnari...vuwcomp
/ \ / | \ \ :
/ linus----husc6 | \ uunet....mnetor---utzoo
| / | / | \ | \ / : |
| (decvax) | | | ukma | \---ames----amdahl mcvax---(europe) |
| | | | | \ | | \ \ : |
\ philabs---cmcl2 | | \ | | ucsd : kddlab utgpu
\ \ | | gatech | / | : : |
\ \ | | / | ucbvax (rutgers) : : (clyde)---watmath
\ \ | | / | | \ :
mit-eddie-----------rutgers---mcnc---decvax---decwrl---hplabs
: / | \ / | \
uw-beaver (ucsd) | bellcore | tektronix
/ : | / | | /
| ubc-vision att-cb---clyde ulysses (linus) / The BACKBONE as of
\ \ | | / 3 April 1988
\ alberta---ihnp4 (watmath) /
\ / --- = full link
\----------------------------------------/ ... = restricted link
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
--
Gene Spafford
NSF/Purdue/U of Florida Software Engineering Research Center,
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafspaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (05/09/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu) & biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)
[Most recent change: 8 May 1988 by spaf@cs.purdue.edu]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia)
or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least
one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with
minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is
supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short
time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) To be
labelled as part of the "backbone," a site must also:
* be of sufficient capacity to handle the load of news;
* be of sufficient capacity and connectivity to handle the load
of mail generated by replies to news articles and as submissions
to mailing lists and moderated groups sent through the backbone;
* be running a recent version of the news software, and keep
up-to-date with new releases and patches;
* provide a stable news and mail relay service, preferably including
a mailer understanding domains and domain-based addressing;
* be staffed by experienced, responsible, capable staff who
will maintain news and mail, and quickly respond to problem
reports and requests for assistance;
* wish to be advertised as a backbone site, thus taking part in
discussions and debate as well as becoming a target for abuse
from the net-at-large;
* evidence some measure of financial and/or political stability
so as to be able to remain as a backbone site for the
indefinite future.
Site admins wishing their site included in this posting should
document the above points in mail to "backbone-request@rutgers.edu".
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari, mnetor--uunet,
uw-beaver--ubc-cs, uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups,
usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but sometimes also
including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The
European component of Usenet receives a limited number of groups from
outside Europe, as well as having a number of active "eunet"
newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
/---------------\ ncar......nbires-------\ munnari...vuwcomp
/ \ | \ \ :
/ linus----husc6 | \ uunet....mnetor---utzoo
| / | / | \ | \ / : |
| (decvax) | | | ukma | \---ames----amdahl mcvax---(europe) |
| | | | | \ | (rutgers) | \ \ : |
| | | | | | | | | \ : : |
| | | | | | | ucsd--ucbvax : : |
\ philabs---cmcl2 | | | | | : kddlab utgpu
\ \ | | gatech----purdue---decwrl : : |
\ \ | | / | / \ : : (clyde)---watmath
\ \ | | / | / hplabs
mit-eddie-----------rutgers---mcnc---decvax
: / | \ / | \
uw-beaver (ucsd) | bellcore | tektronix
/ : | / | | /
| ubc-cs (watmath)--clyde ulysses (linus) / The BACKBONE as of
\ \ | / 8 May 1988
\ alberta------------att /
\ / --- = full link
\----------------------------------------/ ... = restricted link
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
--
Gene Spafford
NSF/Purdue/U of Florida Software Engineering Research Center,
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafspaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (05/17/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu) & biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)
[Most recent change: 17 May 1988 by spaf@cs.purdue.edu]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia)
or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least
one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with
minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is
supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short
time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) To be
labelled as part of the "backbone," a site must also:
* be of sufficient capacity to handle the load of news;
* be of sufficient capacity and connectivity to handle the load
of mail generated by replies to news articles and as submissions
to mailing lists and moderated groups sent through the backbone;
* be running a recent version of the news software, and keep
up-to-date with new releases and patches;
* provide a stable news and mail relay service, preferably including
a mailer understanding domains and domain-based addressing;
* be staffed by experienced, responsible, capable staff who
will maintain news and mail, and quickly respond to problem
reports and requests for assistance;
* wish to be advertised as a backbone site, thus taking part in
discussions and debate as well as becoming a target for abuse
from the net-at-large;
* evidence some measure of financial and/or political stability
so as to be able to remain as a backbone site for the
indefinite future.
Site admins wishing their site included in this posting should
document the above points in mail to "backbone-request@rutgers.edu".
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari,ncar--nbires,
uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and
some "rec" groups, but sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news",
"misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet
receives a limited number of groups from outside Europe, as well as
having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those
articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
/-------------------ohio-state munnari
/ | :
/ /---------------\ | ncar.....................nbires ..vuwcomp
| / \ | | \ | /
| / linus--husc6-+-ukma | \----ames---amdahl----uunet---attcan--utzoo
| | / | | | | | | |\ \ : \ |
| | (decvax) | | | | | | | \ : (mcvax) \ |
| | | | | | | | (rutgers) | \ : : \ |
| | | | | | | | | | \ : : | |
| | | | | | | | ucsd--ucbvax : kddlab | |
| \ philabs---cmcl2 | | | | | \ : | utgpu
| \ \ | | gatech---purdue---decwrl--hplabs | |
| \ \ | | / | / | |
| \ \ | | / | / | |
| mit-eddie-----------rutgers---mcnc---decvax---------------tektronix |
| / \ / \ |
| (ucsd) bellcore (linus) |
| / \ |
\ ulysses clyde-------------------------------watmath
\ |
\-----------------------------------att---alberta----ubc-cs
--- = full link
... = restricted link
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
Site Who They Are
---- ------------
alberta University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
amdahl Amdahl Corp, Sunnyvale CA
ames NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
att AT&T "virtual machine", Columbus OH & Naperville, IL.
attcan AT&T Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bellcore Bellcore, Morristown, NJ
cernvax CERN Labs, Geneva, Switzerland
clyde AT&T, NJ somewhere
cmcl2 NY University, New York City, NY
decvax Digital Equipment Corp, Nashua, NH
decwrl Digital Equipment Corp, Palo Alto, CA
diku University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
enea ENEA DATA Svenska AB, Taeby, Sweden
gatech Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
hafro Marine Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
hplabs HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA
husc6 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
i2unix University of Genova, Genova, Italy
inria INRIA, Rocquencourt, Le Chesnay, France
kddlab KDD International T&T Co., Tokyo, Japan
linus Mitre Corporation, Bedford, MA
mcnc Microelectronics Center of NC, Research Triangle Park, NC
mcvax Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, Netherlands
mit-eddie Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
munnari University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
nbires NBI Inc., Boulder CO
ncar National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
ohio-state Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
philabs Philips Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, NY
prlb2 Philips Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium
purdue Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN
rutgers Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
tektronix Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, OR
tut Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
tuvie TU Wein, EDV-Zentrum/PRA, Wein, Austria
ubc-cs University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
ucbvax University of CA at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
ucsd University of CA at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
ukc University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
ukma University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
ulysses AT&T Bell Labs, ??, NJ
unido University of Dortmund, Dortmund, W. Germany
utgpu University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
utzoo University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
uunet UUNET Communications, Inc., Fairfax, VA
vuwcomp Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
watmath University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
--
Gene Spafford
NSF/Purdue/U of Florida Software Engineering Research Center,
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafroy@phri.UUCP (Roy Smith) (05/25/88)
spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) writes: > husc6 > | [If condensing somebody's words is paraphrasing, > philabs---cmcl2 does this constitute paragraphing?] > \ > rutgers Our main feed is cmcl2. I did some stats on the paths of the articles we had laying around in our /usr/spool/news. Out of 14007 files (not articles; no attempt was made to only count cross-posted articles once) I got 13834 paths coming directly from cmcl2. Of those paths, here's the breakdown by third site: 8006 nrl-cmf 4148 husc6 559 brl-adm 553 rutgers 274 beta 262 yale 11 arizona 5 vx2 5 acf8 4 acf5 2 esquire 2 acf3 1 polyof 1 kaplan 1 acf2 While I'm willing to believe that the majority of the traffic over the philabs link might be in cmcl2->philabs direction for some reason, I find it amazing that not a single article came the other way. Also, it seems that the vast majority of the articles reaching cmcl2 come from nrl-cmf, a link which doesn't show up at all. OK, I can understand that maybe nrl-cmf doesn't want to be listed in the backbone map. But, when two of the three official backbone links only supply a total of 4% of the incoming news flow, and all three only add up to about 30%, the only assumption I can come to is that something is wrong. If my observations for my local bit of the net hold true all over then I must conclude that the backbone map, while pretty to look at, really isn't worth much. It would be interesting if some other folks in different parts of the net ran the same kind of stats (doesn't take much more than some egreps, seds, sorts, and uniq's, and a bunch of CPU time) and posted the results. -- Roy Smith, System Administrator Public Health Research Institute 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 {allegra,philabs,cmcl2,rutgers}!phri!roy -or- phri!roy@uunet.uu.net
reid@decwrl.dec.com (Brian Reid) (05/25/88)
In article <3283@phri.UUCP> roy@phri.UUCP (Roy Smith) writes: > If my observations for my local bit of the net hold true all over >then I must conclude that the backbone map, while pretty to look at, really >isn't worth much. I have a program that looks around a spooling directory and makes a PostScript map showing how the news got to your site, with the widths of the lines corresponding to the amount of that traffic. I have not yet found a site whose news depends on backbone-to-backbone communication. The vast majority of the network traffic is carried by non-backbone sites. There are some places that are dependent on a single backbone site to feed the neighborhood, but in general the network traffic does not get carried over "backbone links". Brian
rsalz@bbn.com (Rich Salz) (05/25/88)
In news.misc (<3283@phri.UUCP>), roy@phri.UUCP (Roy Smith) writes: >Summary: Many links are bogus ... > It would be interesting if some other folks in different parts of >the net ran the same kind of stats (doesn't take much more than some egreps, >seds, sorts, and uniq's, and a bunch of CPU time) and posted the results. From Volume 6, back when we called it "mod.sources" ... (N.B.: Brian Reid believes most Usenet transmission is no longer being done by "backbone" sites. I believe most transmission is being done by NNTP and the pay-as-you-go UUNET.) (N.B.: I believe that most Usenet articles are now being /* Written 3:39 pm Jun 19, 1986 by sources-request@mirror.UUCP in mirror:mod.sources */ Subject: v06i009: Tools for analyzing netnews paths Submitted by: talcott!seismo!epiwrl!epimass!jbuck Mod.sources: Volume 6, Issue 9 Archive-name: getpaths [ I had to reformat the AWK script in histog, strangely enough; otherwise AWK crashed. My version is in the file histog.mod --r$ ] # This is a shell archive. Remove anything before this line, # then unpack it by saving it in a file and typing "sh file". # Contents: 6sites README backbone-list closure getopt.c getpaths.1 getpaths.c # histog histog.mod hostcount makefile makefile.42 makefile.sysv # makefile.v7 oscantree.c scantree.c threelink twolink echo x - 6sites sed 's/^XX//' > "6sites" <<'@//E*O*F 6sites//' XXBACKBONE!decvax!seismo!ihnp4!tektronix!sdcrdcf!decwrl @//E*O*F 6sites// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw 6sites echo x - README sed 's/^XX//' > "README" <<'@//E*O*F README//' XX A Collection of Usenet path-counting tools XX Joseph T. Buck - Entropic Processing, Inc. XXThis is a set of tools for computing statistics on the Usenet paths XXon your machine. XXThe program 'getpaths' gathers paths from your news spool, taking cross XXpostings into account (each path appears in the output once). XXSee the man page supplied. XXThere are three makefiles provided; I hope getpaths can be made to XXrun on anything. Use makefile.42 for 4.2bsd or 4.3bsd; makefile.sysv XXfor System III or System V; use makefile.v7 for Version 7 or 4.1bsd. XXIf you have trouble, there are three questions you have to answer: XX 1) Do you have the 4.2 directory access library? If so, use XX scantree.c, otherwise use oscantree.c. XX 2) v7 and bsd systems have functions "index" and "rindex". XX SysIII and SysV changed the names to strchr and strrchr, XX for no good reason. See the definition of CFLAGS in XX makefile.sysv. XX 3) Do you have getopt? (SysIII,V do, bsd, v7 don't). I'm XX including Henry Spencer's public domain version, since XX it's short and valuable and Berkeley folks can't run the XX program without it. XXYou may find the scantree functions useful in other programs. You're XXwelcome to them, but leave my name in, please. XXWith no options, getpaths prints the paths in every article on the standard XXoutput. If you expire news after one week, this will result in about 300 Kbytes XXof output. To restrict yourself to a subtree, you may give an option, which XXis a pathname that uses /usr/spool/news as a base. XX getpaths mod XX getpaths net/politics XXOnce you've used getpaths to gather some paths, you can use the shell scripts XXto compute some statistics on them: XXhistog - XX Computes the average path length and prints a histogram. XXhostcount - XX Counts hostnames that occur anywhere in a path and prints them XX in declining order of frequency. XXtwolink - XX Prints connected pairs of sites in declining order of frequency. XX I used twolink to prepare my most recent map. XXthreelink - XX Prints connected triplets of sites in declining order of frequency. XXFinally, there is "closure", which will give "awk" a good workout on your XXsystem. It is an automated version of the procedure that I used to build XXan extended backbone map. XXclosure takes three arguments. The first argument is the name of a XXfile containing the "core" sites you wish to start with (you can XXthink of these as "backbone" sites, but I'm not claiming to define what XX"backbone" really means). XXThe file must be in a somewhat peculiar format; each line must begin XXwith the word BACKBONE (in caps), followed by the site names, XXseparated by ! marks. For example, if you want to start with hosts XXalpha, beta, and gamma, the backbone file could be XXBACKBONE!alpha!beta!gamma XXor XXBACKBONE!alpha XXBACKBONE!beta XXBACKBONE!gamma XXYes, it's ugly. XXThe second argument is the name of the file containing a list of paths XX(as output by getpaths, perhaps). Finally, the third argument, an XXinteger, is a threshold. XXclosure searches the paths file for chains of paths that connect two XX"core" sites; a chain is disregarded unless it occurs at least XX"threshold" times, where "threshold" is the third argument. Every XXsite in each such chain is added to the "core". This is repeated XXuntil no more sites can be added to the "core". A report of each XXiteration and what paths are added to the core is printed on the XXstandard output. XXI've supplied two "initial cores" you can use; "6sites" includes XXihnp4, seismo, decvax, decwrl, tektronix, and sdcrdcf, and XX"backbone-list" contains all sites on Gene Spafford's backbone map. XXTry the commands XXgetpaths net > net.paths XXclosure 6sites net.paths 20 XXor XXclosure backbone-list net.paths 20 XXI'm interested in seeing the results for sites far from the SF Bay XXArea. You can write me at XX oliveb-\ XX \ XX ihnp4---pesnta--epimass!jbuck XX / XX hplabs-/ @//E*O*F README// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw README echo x - backbone-list sed 's/^XX//' > "backbone-list" <<'@//E*O*F backbone-list//' XXBACKBONE!cbosgd!clyde!watmath!utzoo XXBACKBONE!ihnp4!cuae2!alberta!ubc-vision!burl!ulysses!bellcore XXBACKBONE!uw-beaver!tektronix!decvax!linus XXBACKBONE!qantel!hplabs!oliveb!glacier!decwrl XXBACKBONE!sdcrdcf!hao!sdcsvax!drillsys!gatech!akgua!mcnc!philabs XXBACKBONE!lll-lcc!lll-crg!cmcl2!seismo @//E*O*F backbone-list// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw backbone-list echo x - closure sed 's/^XX//' > "closure" <<'@//E*O*F closure//' XX#! /bin/sh XX# closure: Joseph T. Buck, Entropic Processing, Inc. XX# Usage: closure startfile paths thresh XX# This rather awk-ward script builds a "transitive closure" of a backbone. XXif test $# != 3 XXthen echo Usage: $0 backbone-list paths threshold >&2; exit 1 XXfi XX# The file /tmp/$$c contains the current backbone list; /tmp/$$a contains XX# The latest set of additions. XXcp $1 /tmp/$$c XXecho "------ Original backbone: ------" XXawk -F! '{ for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) if ($i != "BACKBONE") printf ("%s ",$i); } XXEND { printf ("\n");}' /tmp/$$c XXi=1 XXwhile true XXdo XX awk -F! '{ XX if ($1 == "BACKBONE") { XX for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) XX backbone[$i] = 1; XX } XX else { XX i = 1; XX while (i <= NF && !backbone[$i]) XX i++; XX if (i > NF) XX next; XX while (1) { XX while (i <= NF && backbone[$i]) XX i++; XX if (i > NF) XX break; XX first = i - 1; XX while (i <= NF && !backbone[$i]) XX i++; XX if (i > NF) XX break; XX for (j = first; j < i; j++) XX printf ("%s!", $j); XX printf ("%s\n", $i); XX } XX } XX}' /tmp/$$c $2 | sort | uniq -c |\ XX awk '{ if ($1 >= thr) printf("BACKBONE!%s\n", $2); }' thr=$3 - > /tmp/$$a XX if test ! -s /tmp/$$a XX then echo "------ Final backbone: ------" XX awk -F! '{for (i=2; i<NF; i++) print $i}' /tmp/$$c | sort -u XX rm /tmp/$$c /tmp/$$a XX exit 0 XX fi XX echo "------ Pass $i: add the following: ------" XX awk -F! '{ for (i=2; i<NF; i++) printf("%s!", $i); printf("%s\n", $NF);}' /tmp/$$a XX cat /tmp/$$a >> /tmp/$$c XX i=`expr $i + 1` XXdone @//E*O*F closure// chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx closure echo x - getopt.c sed 's/^XX//' > "getopt.c" <<'@//E*O*F getopt.c//' XX/* XX * getopt - get option letter from argv XX * by Henry Spencer XX * posted to Usenet net.sources list XX */ XX#include <stdio.h> XXchar *optarg; /* Global argument pointer. */ XXint optind = 0; /* Global argv index. */ XXstatic char *scan = NULL; /* Private scan pointer. */ XXextern char *index(); XXint XXgetopt (argc, argv, optstring) XXint argc; XXchar *argv[]; XXchar *optstring; XX{ XX register char c; XX register char *place; XX optarg = NULL; XX if (scan == NULL || *scan == '\0') { XX if (optind == 0) XX optind++; XX if (optind >= argc || argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0') XX return (EOF); XX if (strcmp (argv[optind], "--") == 0) { XX optind++; XX return (EOF); XX } XX scan = argv[optind] + 1; XX optind++; XX } XX c = *scan++; XX place = index (optstring, c); XX if (place == NULL || c == ':') { XX fprintf (stderr, "%s: unknown option -%c\n", argv[0], c); XX return ('?'); XX } XX place++; XX if (*place == ':') { XX if (*scan != '\0') { XX optarg = scan; XX scan = NULL; XX } XX else { XX optarg = argv[optind]; XX optind++; XX } XX } XX return (c); XX} @//E*O*F getopt.c// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw getopt.c echo x - getpaths.1 sed 's/^XX//' > "getpaths.1" <<'@//E*O*F getpaths.1//' XX.TH GETPATHS LOCAL 6/2/86 XX.SH NAME XXgetpaths \- gather Usenet article paths XX.SH SYNOPSIS XX.B getpaths XX[ XX.BI \-n " file" XX] [ XX.BI \-u XX] [ XX.I distrib XX] XX.SH DESCRIPTION XX.PP XX.I Getpaths XXscans through the news spool and prints out all article paths. Crossposted XXarticles have their paths printed only once. XX.PP XXBy default, usernames are removed from the paths. If the XX.B \-u XXflag is given, usernames are left on. XX.PP XXThe XX.BI \-n " file" XXoption causes paths to be included only from articles that are newer XX(in terms of file modification time) than XX.IR file . XX.PP XXIf no argument is given, the entire news spool will be scanned. The XX.I distrib XXargument is a relative path from /usr/spool/news. For example, XX.PP XXgetpaths net XX.PP XXgets paths from net.*, and XX.PP XXgetpaths net/micro/atari XX.PP XXdoes what you think. XX.SH BUGS XXThe algorithm for eliminating crosspostings only prints a path if XXthe first newsgroup on the Newsgroups: line matches the directory currently XXbeing scanned. So if you say "getpaths na", an article with the header XXline XX.PP XXNewsgroups: net.wanted,na.forsale XX.PP XXwill not have its path printed (though it will print if the groups are given XXin the reverse order). In other words, the first group is always considered XXthe primary group, and other groups are always considered crossposts. XX.SH AUTHOR XXJoseph T. Buck, Entropic Processing, Inc. XX.br XX{pesnta,oliveb}!epimass!jbuck @//E*O*F getpaths.1// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw getpaths.1 echo x - getpaths.c sed 's/^XX//' > "getpaths.c" <<'@//E*O*F getpaths.c//' XX/* XX getpaths.c XX Program to snarf up lots of Usenet paths XX Joseph T. Buck, Entropic Processing, Inc. XX*/ XX#define SPOOLDIR "/usr/spool/news" XX#include <stdio.h> XX#define LINLEN 512 XXchar *strcpy(); XXint stripuser = 1; XX/* This function assumes the current directory is SPOOLDIR, and that XX the paths are of the form net/news/group/2345. XX*/ XXvoid perror(), exit(); XXwp (name, ino) XXchar *name; XXint ino; XX{ XX int status = 0, lng; XX char line[LINLEN], savpath[LINLEN]; XX FILE *fd; XX char *p, *q, *rindex(); XX char curngr[40]; /* current newsgroup */ XX/* Figure out the current newsgroup, by deleting whatever is XX after the last /, and changing '/' to '.'. Skip initial "./" XX if present XX*/ XX if (name[0] == '.' && name[1] == '/') name += 2; XX (void) strcpy (curngr, name); XX p = rindex (curngr, '/'); XX if (p == NULL) return; XX *p = 0; XX while (p >= curngr) { XX if (*p == '/') *p = '.'; XX p--; XX } XX lng = strlen (curngr); XX/* Open the file */ XX if ((fd = fopen (name, "r")) == NULL) { XX perror (name); XX return; XX } XX while (status != 3) { XX if (fgets (line, LINLEN, fd) == NULL) break; XX line[strlen(line)-1] = 0; /* delete \n */ XX if (strncmp (line, "Newsgroups:", 11) == 0) { XX p = line + 11; XX while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++; XX/* Detect cases like curngr == "net.micro", NG == "net.micro.pc,net.micro" */ XX if (p[lng] && p[lng] != ',' && p[lng] != ' ' && p[lng] != '\t') XX break; XX else if (strncmp (p, curngr, lng) != 0) break; XX status |= 2; XX } XX else if (strncmp (line, "Path:", 5) == 0) { XX p = line + 5; XX while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') p++; XX/* Strip the username from the end of the path. Don't write anything XX if there's no ! in the path (a locally posted article) XX*/ XX if (stripuser) { XX q = rindex (line, '!'); XX if (q == NULL) break; XX *q = '\0'; /* Delete the tail */ XX } XX (void) strcpy (savpath, p); XX status |= 1; XX } XX } XX if (status == 3) (void) printf ("%s\n", savpath); XX (void) fclose (fd); XX return; XX} XXmain (argc, argv) XXchar **argv; XX{ XX if (chdir (SPOOLDIR) != 0) { XX (void) fprintf (stderr, "Can't chdir to "); XX perror ("/usr/spool/news"); XX exit (1); XX } XX if (argc > 1 && strcmp (argv[1], "-u") == 0) { XX stripuser = 0; XX argv++; XX argc--; XX } XX if (argc !=2) argv[1] = "."; XX scan_tree (argv[1], wp); XX return 0; XX} XX#include <sys/types.h> XX#include <sys/stat.h> XXis_dir (name) XXchar *name; XX{ XX struct stat sbuf; XX return (stat (name, &sbuf) == 0 && (sbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR); XX} @//E*O*F getpaths.c// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw getpaths.c echo x - histog sed 's/^XX//' > "histog" <<'@//E*O*F histog//' XX#! /bin/sh XXawk -F! '{ count[NF] += 1; if (NF > mx) mx = NF; sum += NF; } XXEND { printf ("Path length statistics\nAverage length: %f\nHistogram:\n", XX sum / NR); XX for (i = 1; i <= mx; i++) printf ("%d %d\n",i,count[i]); }' @//E*O*F histog// chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx histog echo x - histog.mod sed 's/^XX//' > "histog.mod" <<'@//E*O*F histog.mod//' XX#! /bin/sh XXawk -F! '{ count[NF] += 1; if (NF > mx) mx = NF; sum += NF; } XXEND { XX printf "Path length statistics\nAverage length: %f\nHistogram:\n", sum / NR; XX for (i = 1; i <= mx; i++) printf ("%d %d\n",i,count[i]); XX}' @//E*O*F histog.mod// chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx histog.mod echo x - hostcount sed 's/^XX//' > "hostcount" <<'@//E*O*F hostcount//' XX#! /bin/sh XX# This script takes a list of paths as input. XX# It prints a list of the sites encountered in the paths, sorted XX# according to their frequency. XXawk -F! '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }' $* |\ XXsort | uniq -c | sort -nr @//E*O*F hostcount// chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx hostcount echo x - makefile sed 's/^XX//' > "makefile" <<'@//E*O*F makefile//' XX# This makefile is appropriate for 4.2bsd. For SysV or V7, XX# replace "scantree" by "oscantree" everywhere. XXCFLAGS = -O XX# Use the following for Sys V. XX# CFLAGS = -O -Dindex=strchr -Drindex=strrchr XXgetpaths: getpaths.o scantree.o XX cc $(CFLAGS) getpaths.o scantree.o -o getpaths @//E*O*F makefile// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw makefile echo x - makefile.42 sed 's/^XX//' > "makefile.42" <<'@//E*O*F makefile.42//' XX# This makefile is appropriate for 4.2bsd or 4.3bsd. XXCFLAGS = -O XXgetpaths: getpaths.o scantree.o getopt.o XX cc $(CFLAGS) getpaths.o scantree.o getopt.o -o getpaths @//E*O*F makefile.42// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw makefile.42 echo x - makefile.sysv sed 's/^XX//' > "makefile.sysv" <<'@//E*O*F makefile.sysv//' XX# This makefile is appropriate for System III and System V. XXCFLAGS = -O -Dindex=strchr -Drindex=strrchr XXgetpaths: getpaths.o oscantree.o XX cc $(CFLAGS) getpaths.o oscantree.o -o getpaths @//E*O*F makefile.sysv// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw makefile.sysv echo x - makefile.v7 sed 's/^XX//' > "makefile.v7" <<'@//E*O*F makefile.v7//' XX# This makefile is appropriate for Version 7, or any system that XX# has neither getopt nor the 4.2 directory library. XXCFLAGS = -O XXgetpaths: getpaths.o oscantree.o XX cc $(CFLAGS) getpaths.o oscantree.o -o getpaths @//E*O*F makefile.v7// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw makefile.v7 echo x - oscantree.c sed 's/^XX//' > "oscantree.c" <<'@//E*O*F oscantree.c//' XX/* XX scan_tree: Joseph T. Buck, Entropic Processing, Inc. XX Old-style version XX scan_tree applies a function to each file in a directory tree XX (excluding directories), and returns the number of files processed. XX This version reads directories directly and will not work with 4.2bsd. XX*/ XX#include <sys/types.h> XX#include <sys/dir.h> XX#define MAXL 256 XXscan_tree (path, func) XXchar *path; XXint (*func)(); XX{ XX char name[MAXL], *strcpy(), *strncpy(), *pos; XX struct direct dirent; XX int fd = open (path), nf = 0, len; XX if (fd < 0) return 0; XX XX (void) strcpy (name, path); XX len = strlen (path); XX name[len] = '/'; XX pos = name + len + 1; XX pos[DIRSIZ] = '\0'; /* req'd in case dirent has length DIRSIZ */ XX while (read (fd, (char *) &dirent, sizeof dirent) == sizeof dirent) { XX if (dirent.d_ino == 0) continue; XX (void) strncpy (pos, dirent.d_name, DIRSIZ); XX if (strcmp (pos, ".") == 0 || strcmp (pos, "..") == 0) continue; XX if (is_dir (name)) nf += scan_tree (name, func); XX else { XX (func) (name, dirent.d_ino); XX nf += 1; XX } XX } XX (void) close (fd); XX return nf; XX} @//E*O*F oscantree.c// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw oscantree.c echo x - scantree.c sed 's/^XX//' > "scantree.c" <<'@//E*O*F scantree.c//' XX/* XX scan_tree: Joseph T. Buck, Entropic Processing, Inc. XX New-style version XX scan_tree applies a function to each file in a directory tree XX (excluding directories), and returns the number of files processed. XX This version uses the 4.2bsd directory access library; another version XX that reads directories directly is available. XX*/ XX#include <sys/types.h> XX#include <sys/dir.h> XX#define MAXL 256 XXscan_tree (path, func) XXchar *path; XXint (*func)(); XX{ XX char name[MAXL], *strcpy(), *pos; XX DIR *dirp = opendir (path); XX struct direct *de; XX int nf = 0, len; XX if (dirp == NULL) return 0; XX (void) strcpy (name, path); XX len = strlen (path); XX name[len] = '/'; XX pos = name + len + 1; XX while ((de = readdir (dirp)) != NULL) { XX if (strcmp (de->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp (de->d_name, "..") == 0) XX continue; XX (void) strcpy (pos, de->d_name); XX if (is_dir (name)) nf += scan_tree (name, func); XX else { XX (func) (name,de->d_ino); XX nf += 1; XX } XX } XX (void) closedir (dirp); XX return nf; XX} @//E*O*F scantree.c// chmod u=rw,g=rw,o=rw scantree.c echo x - threelink sed 's/^XX//' > "threelink" <<'@//E*O*F threelink//' XX#! /bin/sh XX# This script takes a list of paths as input. XXcat $* |\ XXawk -F! '{ for (i=1; i<NF-1; i++) printf ("%s!%s!%s\n", $i,$(i+1),$(i+2)); }' |\ XXsort | uniq -c | sort -nr @//E*O*F threelink// chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx threelink echo x - twolink sed 's/^XX//' > "twolink" <<'@//E*O*F twolink//' XX#! /bin/sh XX# This script takes a list of paths as input. XXcat $* |\ XXawk -F! '{ for (i = 1; i < NF; i++) printf ("%s!%s\n", $i, $(i+1)); }' |\ XXsort | uniq -c | sort -nr @//E*O*F twolink// chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx twolink exit 0 /* End of text from mirror:mod.sources */ -- Please send comp.sources.unix-related mail to rsalz@uunet.uu.net.
reid@decwrl.dec.com (Brian Reid) (05/26/88)
Yesterday I mentioned that I had some software that would make network flow
maps. I'm not able to release it yet, but I can show you what I'm talking
about. San Francisco Bay Area news admins have seen these maps pretty
regularly, as I hand them out at our annual meetings.
Some time in the next couple of months I will either release this program or
set up an electronic mail server so you can access it remotely by mail.
(you mail it your data; it mails you back a map).
This is a PostScript file. It's in 2 parts. Splice them together before you
print it.
--------------------- cut here -------------------------
%!
% netmap-1.4
% News paths to decwrl carrying >1% of traffic
% Created by decwrl!reid (Brian Reid) Wed May 25 23:53:33 1988
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(News paths to decwrl carrying >1% of traffic) T1
(Continental U.S.A.) T2
(DECWRL netmap-1.4 by Brian Reid at Wed May 25 23:53:33 1988) 1 MLB
(Lambert Conformal Projection [44\312N,33\312N], Map center: [40\312N, 96\312 30\302W]) 2 MLB
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1129 1004 M
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0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 reid@decwrl.dec.com (Brian Reid) (05/26/88)
This is part 2 of a 2-part posting.
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241 1505 M
29 -1 R 6 X S
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HF setfont gsave /HFn IF def
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grestore
showpage
grestore
%!
% netmap-1.4
% News paths to decwrl carrying >1% of traffic
% Created by decwrl!reid (Brian Reid) Wed May 25 23:53:50 1988
gsave
INIT
/CxD 11 2 div def
(News paths to decwrl carrying >1% of traffic) T1
(San Francisco and Silicon Valley) T2
(DECWRL netmap-1.4 by Brian Reid at Wed May 25 23:53:50 1988) 1 MLB
(Lambert Conformal Projection [40\312N,30\312N], Map center: [37\312 39\302N, 122\312 12\302W]) 2 MLB
(Image resolution 300/in., stroke limit 1 pixels, rotated 27\312) 3 MLB
283 361 translate
0.240000 dup dup scale /scf exch def
/DAR [ DAR {D} forall ] def
/DSR [ DSR {D} forall ] def
/AFont ArrowFont 10 D scalefont def
% SF Bay Area
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1178 713 M
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1.2 -127.6 -270 -962 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW -22 -661 MT
-22 -707 PL
1.2 -90.0 -22 -684 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.01 SPW -204 -524 MT
150 -501 842 -592 1179 -707 CL
1.2 -7.5 494 -564 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW -68 -661 MT
-99 -763 -25 -878 80 -891 CL
1.2 -57.1 -45 -810 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.02 SPW 1179 -753 MT
869 -982 268 -959 -22 -707 CL
1.2 177.8 571 -910 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW -307 802 MT
-301 741 -314 621 -333 562 CL
1.2 -96.1 -311 681 BA
0.00 SPW 0.01 SPW -204 -616 MT
84 -261 776 308 1179 524 CL
1.2 39.5 444 6 BA
0.01 SPW -204 -616 MT
-645 683 45 1208 1179 433 CL
1.2 37.2 -102 686 BA
0.01 SPW -204 -616 MT
146 -569 837 -615 1179 -707 CL
1.2 -3.8 490 -609 BA
0.00 SPW 0.05 SPW -204 -616 MT
-101 -525 11 -571 22 -707 CL
1.2 -21.9 -56 -576 BA
0.23 SPW -204 -616 MT
-980 20 -753 614 249 570 CL
0.01 SPW -204 -616 MT
-204 -524 PL
1.2 90.0 -204 -570 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 0.11 SPW 22 -707 MT
-22 -707 PL
2.5 180.0 0 -707 BA
0.00 SPW 0.00 SPW 96.6 -322.1 -240.5 SWA
73.0 -289.7 104.5 SWA
49.4 -123.7 408.5 SWA
-8.6 181.2 -559.7 SWA
-24.8 583.4 -682.6 SWA
-41.0 937.7 -909.2 SWA
-90.0 -204.1 -593.4 WA
-91.6 330.7 254.2 SWA
-104.0 279.8 -104.2 SWA
-116.3 157.1 -444.7 SWA
116.6 -602.0 -156.0 SWA
69.1 -644.9 232.3 SWA
21.6 -354.0 493.0 SWA
HF setfont gsave /HFn IF def
(agate) 0 249 570 HST
(amdahl) 0 113 -935 HST
(ames) 0 -22 -707 HST
(att) 0 1179 -479 HST
(bloom-bea) 0 1179 524 HST
(bnrmtv) 0 1179 1346 HST
(bunker) 0 1179 -1300 HST
(cbmvax) 0 1179 -844 HST
(cit-vax) 0 294 -1506 HST
(cogent) 0 1020 1506 HST
(cognito) 0 1179 -1346 HST
(csustan) 0 1179 -524 HST
(dasys1) 0 1179 251 HST
(decvax) 0 1179 -570 HST
(decwrl) 0 -204 -570 HST
(drivax) 0 -68 -1506 HST
(elroy) 0 249 -1506 HST
(eos) 0 22 -707 HST
(felix) 0 -22 -1506 HST
(fmsrl7) 0 1179 -433 HST
(gryphon) 0 1179 -1255 HST
(hc) 0 1179 -1392 HST
(hp-pcd) 0 612 1506 HST
(hp-sdd) 0 68 -1506 HST
(hpda) 0 -385 -524 HST
(hplabs) 0 -204 -661 HST
(husc6) 0 1179 -707 HST
(ig) 0 -22 -798 HST
(janus) 0 657 -1506 HST
(killer) 0 1179 -1483 HST
(labrea) 0 -204 -616 HST
(ll-xn) 0 1179 -981 HST
(lll-tis) 0 657 -205 HST
(lll-winke) 0 1020 -387 HST
(mailrus) 0 1179 -661 HST
(mcnc) 0 1179 -1026 HST
(mips) 0 -113 -1506 HST
(ncar) 0 1179 -844 HST
(necntc) 0 1179 -798 HST
(netsys) 0 1179 -935 HST
(nsc) 0 1111 1506 HST
(oliveb) 0 -113 -1026 HST
(oodis01) 0 1179 -205 HST
(otter) 0 1179 -616 HST
(pacbell) 0 113 -159 HST
(pasteur) 0 294 570 HST
(philabs) 0 1179 -296 HST
(pioneer) 0 1179 -1026 HST
(portal) 0 -68 -1026 HST
(purdue) 0 1179 -1209 HST
(pyramid) 0 -22 -661 HST
(pyrnj) 0 1179 -387 HST
(rayssd) 0 1179 -342 HST
(rutgers) 0 1179 433 HST
(sdcrdcf) 0 22 -1506 HST
(slvblc) 0 -430 -1506 HST
(smegma) 0 -1179 -753 HST
(sri-unix) 0 -204 -524 HST
(sun) 0 -68 -661 HST
(think) 0 1179 -890 HST
(ucbvax) 0 158 616 HST
(ucdavis) 0 1179 1255 HST
(ucsd) 0 204 -1506 HST
(umd5) 0 1179 -753 HST
(utzoo) 0 1179 342 HST
(uunet) 0 1179 -1163 HST
(uwmcsd1) 0 1179 -1072 HST
(xanth) 0 1179 -1118 HST
grestore
showpage
INIT
(News paths to decwrl carrying >1% of traffic) T1
(Percent of your node's traffic carried by other nodes. * indicates a node whose location is unknown.) T2
(DECWRL netmap-1.4 at Wed May 25 23:53:50 1988) 1 MLB
HostNameFont CaptionSize CF
15 713 MT
( labrea 35.96%) show
15 703 MT
( ames 35.89%) show
15 693 MT
( agate 28.32%) show
15 683 MT
( ucbvax 27.00%) show
15 673 MT
( pasteur 22.42%) show
15 663 MT
( purdue 18.08%) show
15 653 MT
( gatech 12.09%) show
15 643 MT
( eos 11.98%) show
15 633 MT
( husc6 11.87%) show
15 623 MT
( uunet 11.52%) show
15 613 MT
( bloom-bea 9.14%) show
15 603 MT
( mailrus 9.01%) show
15 593 MT
( sun 8.58%) show
15 583 MT
( tut.cis.o 7.84%) show
15 573 MT
( ncar 7.27%) show
15 563 MT
( seismo 7.18%) show
15 553 MT
(*pitstop 6.90%) show
15 543 MT
( sundc 6.84%) show
15 533 MT
( hplabs 6.67%) show
15 523 MT
( umd5 6.40%) show
15 513 MT
( rochester 6.32%) show
15 503 MT
( mit-eddie 5.89%) show
15 493 MT
( uwmcsd1 5.27%) show
15 483 MT
( udel 5.24%) show
15 473 MT
( bbn 5.17%) show
15 463 MT
( ig 4.96%) show
15 453 MT
( ll-xn 4.84%) show
15 443 MT
( rutgers 4.39%) show
15 433 MT
( pyramid 3.64%) show
15 423 MT
( umix 3.26%) show
15 413 MT
( cornell 3.19%) show
15 403 MT
( uw-beaver 3.10%) show
15 393 MT
( ucsd 3.04%) show
15 383 MT
(*nrl-cmf 2.83%) show
15 373 MT
( boulder 2.75%) show
15 363 MT
( sdcrdcf 2.75%) show
15 353 MT
( mcvax 2.58%) show
15 343 MT
( decvax 2.47%) show
15 333 MT
(*i.cc.purd 2.39%) show
15 323 MT
( att 2.35%) show
15 313 MT
( sunybcs 2.34%) show
15 303 MT
( j.cc.purd 2.30%) show
15 293 MT
( pur-ee 2.29%) show
15 283 MT
( uwvax 2.27%) show
15 273 MT
( pacbell 2.24%) show
15 263 MT
( tektronix 2.18%) show
15 253 MT
(*pt.cs.cmu 2.15%) show
15 243 MT
( oddjob 2.15%) show
15 233 MT
(*ihnp4 2.10%) show
15 223 MT
( itsgw 2.10%) show
15 213 MT
( oliveb 2.05%) show
15 203 MT
(*ulysses 2.04%) show
15 193 MT
( portal 2.03%) show
15 183 MT
(*cup.porta 2.00%) show
15 173 MT
( cmcl2 1.97%) show
15 163 MT
( amdahl 1.90%) show
15 153 MT
( batcomput 1.84%) show
15 143 MT
( leah 1.83%) show
15 133 MT
( bu-cs 1.77%) show
15 123 MT
( ucsdhub 1.72%) show
15 113 MT
(*mtunx 1.72%) show
15 103 MT
( im4u 1.68%) show
15 93 MT
( killer 1.66%) show
15 83 MT
( lll-tis 1.64%) show
15 73 MT
( sri-unix 1.63%) show
15 63 MT
( utzoo 1.62%) show
15 53 MT
( hpda 1.62%) show
15 43 MT
(*bingvaxu 1.58%) show
15 33 MT
( mibte 1.57%) show
155 713 MT
(*gamma 1.53%) show
155 703 MT
( lll-winke 1.51%) show
155 693 MT
(*brl-adm 1.50%) show
155 683 MT
( mimsy 1.50%) show
155 673 MT
( ut-sally 1.47%) show
155 663 MT
(*iuvax 1.46%) show
155 653 MT
( ukma 1.41%) show
155 643 MT
( bellcore 1.38%) show
155 633 MT
( elroy 1.34%) show
155 623 MT
( watmath 1.33%) show
155 613 MT
( princeton 1.32%) show
155 603 MT
( necntc 1.30%) show
155 593 MT
( oberon 1.30%) show
155 583 MT
( umich 1.29%) show
155 573 MT
( marque 1.27%) show
155 563 MT
( hp-sdd 1.25%) show
155 553 MT
( cit-vax 1.24%) show
155 543 MT
( utgpu 1.23%) show
155 533 MT
( steinmetz 1.23%) show
155 523 MT
( ukc 1.23%) show
155 513 MT
( mcnc 1.22%) show
155 503 MT
( trwrb 1.19%) show
155 493 MT
(*faline 1.19%) show
155 483 MT
(*thumper 1.18%) show
155 473 MT
( gryphon 1.18%) show
155 463 MT
( amdcad 1.17%) show
155 453 MT
(*osu-cis 1.17%) show
155 443 MT
( sdcsvax 1.12%) show
155 433 MT
(*att-ih 1.07%) show
155 423 MT
( uiucdcs 1.05%) show
155 413 MT
( prls 1.03%) show
155 403 MT
(*athena.mi 1.02%) show
155 393 MT
( philabs 1.01%) show
155 383 MT
(*water 1.01%) show
155 373 MT
( mnetor 1.01%) show
155 363 MT
(*whuts 1.00%) show
showpage
grestore
% The endjfh@rpp386.UUCP (John F. Haugh II) (05/27/88)
i have been playing with a toy which if handed a file containing system names, lat/long pairs, and a collection of machines which are talked to, it outputs a tplot format file of the input. UNFORTUNATELY, i haven't been able to find the locations of all of the machines on the backbone ... - john. -- John F. Haugh II | "If you aren't part of the solution, River Parishes Programming | you are part of the precipitate." UUCP: ihnp4!killer!rpp386!jfh | -- long since forgot who DOMAIN: jfh@rpp386.uucp |
jfh@rpp386.UUCP (John F. Haugh II) (05/27/88)
i mentioned in a previous article that i have a toy which produces tplot
formatted output given some geographical and connectivity information.
i don't have the lat/long for hao, cae780 or ulysses, but other than that,
below is a uuencoded plot of the backbone. i am not into geography or
anything like that so i can't tell you what is actually wrong with the
format, except that it is misproportioned and what not. if you know the
exact location of the missing systems, let me know. also, killer is
not included, nor is osu-cis. that will change and perhaps i'll produce
and update if anyone is interested.
to view this thing, go drag the old tek4014 out of the closet, uudecode
this sucker, then run it through tplot to your favorite graphics device.
it looks, ah, interesting on a hercules display.
- john.
--------------------- cut here ------------------
begin 666 backbone.plot
M<P $ 097#Q#W@';=@.> =T;&EN=7,*</\/9 =MV YD!W1H=7-C-@IP
MAP63!6V'!9,%=&YB:7)E<PIP*@ZO!&TJ#J\$='5U;F5T"G!X#8@(;7@-B AT
M;6YE=&]R"G!S#6@(;7,-: AT=71Z;V\*<-X/O@=MV Z^!W1D96-V87@*<%D,
M-0-M60PU W1U:VUA"G!> .(#;5X X@-T86UE<PIP9@" VUF ( #=&%M9&%H
M; IP* ]Q!FW8#G$&='!H:6QA8G,*<!P/(@9MV XB!G1C;6-L,@IPV0$ &W9
M 0 ='5C<V0*<',-9PAM<PUG"'1U=&=P=0IPZPNR &WK"[( =&=A=&5C: IP
M3P#D VU/ .0#='5C8G9A> IP#@\@!FW8#B &=')U=&=E<G,*<&4,B 5M90R(
M!71C;'ED90IP)@UX!VTF#7@'='=A=&UA=&@*< 08P=MV YC!W1M:70M961D
M:64*<*4-8 )MI0U@ G1M8VYC"G!6 (X#;58 C@-T9&5C=W)L"G!7 (8#;5<
MA@-T:'!L86)S"G!) 'D+;4D >0MT=7<M8F5A=F5R"G#U#BP&;=@.+ 9T8F5L
M;&-O<F4*<", T@EM(P#2"71T96MT<F]N:7@*< R QM #(#'1U8F,M=FES
M:6]N"G!E#(@%;64,B 5T8V)O<V=D"G#^ O\/;?X"W@UT86QB97)T80IP90R(
M!6UE#(@%=&EH;G T"FS_#V0'\0]X!VPJ#J\$AP63!6QX#8@(*@ZO!&QS#6@(
M> V("&S>#[X'\0]X!VQ9##4#_P]D!VQF ( #7@#B VQF ( #*@ZO!&PH#W$&
M\0]X!VP<#R(&* ]Q!FP<#R(&_P]D!VS9 0 7@#B VQS#6<(<PUH"&SK"[(
M60PU VQ/ .0#7@#B VQ/ .0#V0$ &Q/ .0#W@^^!VP.#R &V0$ &P.#R &
M' \B!FP.#R &_P]D!VP.#R &ZPNR &QE#(@%#@\@!FPF#7@'<PUG"&PF#7@'
M90R(!6P $&,'_P]D!VP $&,'#@\@!FRE#6 "#@\@!FRE#6 "ZPNR &RE#6 "
MW@^^!VQ6 (X#W@^^!VQ7 (8#9@" VQ7 (8#5@". VQ) 'D+ !!C!VSU#BP&
MW@^^!VSU#BP&90R(!6SU#BP&#@\@!FPC -()20!Y"VPC -()W@^^!VP ,@,
?20!Y"VQE#(@%90R(!6QE#(@%90R(!6QE#(@%_@+_#VPC
end
--
John F. Haugh II | "If you aren't part of the solution,
River Parishes Programming | you are part of the precipitate."
UUCP: ihnp4!killer!rpp386!jfh | -- long since forgot who
DOMAIN: jfh@rpp386.uucp | spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (06/01/88)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu) & biep@cs.vu.nl (J. A. Durieux)
[Most recent change: 18 May 1988 by spaf@cs.purdue.edu]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia)
or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least
one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with
minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is
supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short
time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) To be
labelled as part of the "backbone," a site must also:
* be of sufficient capacity to handle the load of news;
* be of sufficient capacity and connectivity to handle the load
of mail generated by replies to news articles and as submissions
to mailing lists and moderated groups sent through the backbone;
* be running a recent version of the news software, and keep
up-to-date with new releases and patches;
* provide a stable news and mail relay service, preferably including
a mailer understanding domains and domain-based addressing;
* be staffed by experienced, responsible, capable staff who
will maintain news and mail, and quickly respond to problem
reports and requests for assistance;
* wish to be advertised as a backbone site, thus taking part in
discussions and debate as well as becoming a target for abuse
from the net-at-large;
* evidence some measure of financial and/or political stability
so as to be able to remain as a backbone site for the
indefinite future.
Site admins wishing their site included in this posting should
document the above points in mail to "backbone-request@rutgers.edu".
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., ALL--munnari,ncar--nbires,
uunet--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and
some "rec" groups, but sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news",
"misc", and "comp" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet
receives a limited number of groups from outside Europe, as well as
having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those
articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@rutgers.edu". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
/-------------------ohio-state vuwcomp
/ | :
/ /---------------\ | ncar.....................nbires ..munnari
| / \ | | \ | /
| / linus--husc6-+-ukma | \----ames---amdahl----uunet---attcan--utzoo
| | / | | | | | | |\ \ : \ |
| | (decvax) | | | | | | | \ : (mcvax) \ |
| | | | | | | | (rutgers) | \ : : \ |
| | | | | | | | | | \ : : | |
| | | | | | | | ucsd--ucbvax : kddlab | |
| \ philabs---cmcl2 | | | | | \ : | utgpu
| \ \ | | gatech---purdue---decwrl--hplabs | |
| \ \ | | / | / | |
| \ \ | | / | / | |
| mit-eddie-----------rutgers---mcnc---decvax---------------tektronix |
| / \ / \ |
| (ucsd) bellcore (linus) |
| / \ |
\ ulysses clyde-------------------------------watmath
\ |
\-----------------------------------att---alberta----ubc-cs
--- = full link
... = restricted link
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland
Site Who They Are
---- ------------
alberta University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
amdahl Amdahl Corp, Sunnyvale CA
ames NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
att AT&T "virtual machine", Columbus OH & Naperville, IL.
attcan AT&T Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
bellcore Bellcore, Morristown, NJ
cernvax CERN Labs, Geneva, Switzerland
clyde AT&T, NJ somewhere
cmcl2 NY University, New York City, NY
decvax Digital Equipment Corp, Nashua, NH
decwrl Digital Equipment Corp, Palo Alto, CA
diku University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
enea ENEA DATA Svenska AB, Taeby, Sweden
gatech Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
hafro Marine Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
hplabs HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA
husc6 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
i2unix University of Genova, Genova, Italy
inria INRIA, Rocquencourt, Le Chesnay, France
kddlab KDD International T&T Co., Tokyo, Japan
linus Mitre Corporation, Bedford, MA
mcnc Microelectronics Center of NC, Research Triangle Park, NC
mcvax Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, Netherlands
mit-eddie Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
munnari University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
nbires NBI Inc., Boulder CO
ncar National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
ohio-state Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
philabs Philips Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, NY
prlb2 Philips Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium
purdue Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN
rutgers Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
tektronix Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, OR
tut Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
tuvie TU Wein, EDV-Zentrum/PRA, Wein, Austria
ubc-cs University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
ucbvax University of CA at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
ucsd University of CA at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
ukc University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
ukma University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
ulysses AT&T Bell Labs, ??, NJ
unido University of Dortmund, Dortmund, W. Germany
utgpu University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
utzoo University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
uunet UUNET Communications, Inc., Fairfax, VA
vuwcomp Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
watmath University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
--
Gene Spafford
NSF/Purdue/U of Florida Software Engineering Research Center,
Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004
Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spafpage@swan.ulowell.edu (Bob Page) (06/01/88)
Isn't there a new backbone in Spain, fed by mcvax? I don't understand some of the map. Like, why are ulysses, ubc-cs and vucomp on there, all dead ends (and vucomp a restricted link at that)? I submit that a 'backbone' link is to carry the news fast between other backbone links, and I don't see these sites as doing that (except for their leaf nodes ... hell, everybody does that). By the same token, alberta would have to be looked at. I can't decide what the rutgers-ukma link is. Two paths? Does the '+' mean all the connected sites talk to each other? Although it looks like rutgers is the center of the Usenet universe, some links are triads (rutgers/gatech/mcnc, rutgers/cmcl2/husc6, rutgers/ukma/gatech). Since I assume this is all NNTP traffic, I wonder how much Internet traffic would be cut by dropping some of those links, or making them mostly unidirectional? I also wonder about linus ... we're a hop away from husc6, and I don't see much traffic through linus. Are these maps generated by hand? ..Bob -- Bob Page, U of Lowell CS Dept. page@swan.ulowell.edu ulowell!page
reid@decwrl.dec.com (Brian Reid) (06/02/88)
Here is this month's PostScript map of the backbone. It is completely machine
generated, from Gene Spafford's list of backbone sites and from the uucp map
files' list of locations and connectivity. As a result it has some bugs (e.g.
the uucp map entry for "att" is hopelessly bogus, and there is some confusion
as to just what is the name of the node "ohio-state").
If you have Internet FTP access to decwrl you can get a lot more maps like
this, in more detail and showing more things, from pub/maps/*; if you have
direct uucp access to decwrl you can get to the same files as
/usr/spool/uucppublic/ftp/pub/maps/*.
%!
% netmap-1.5
% USENET Backbone in the U.S.
% Created by decwrl!reid (Brian Reid) Sun May 29 21:53:51 1988
/Pwid 612 def % page width
/Pht 792 def % page height
/Margin 23 def % border margin
/Clw 15 def % max-traffic line width
Pht 792 gt
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statusdict begin 11x17tray end
}{
statusdict /setpageparams known {
11 72 mul 17 72 mul 36 1 % w h offs. orientation
statusdict begin setpageparams end
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11 17 div dup scale % for laserwriter
} ifelse
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} if
/TitleSize 10 def
/SubtitleSize 7.5 def
/CaptionSize 8 def
/GridLblSize 5 def
/CityDotFontSize 12 def
/CaptionFont /Helvetica findfont def
/TitleFont /Helvetica-Bold findfont def
/CityDotFont /Courier findfont def
/HostNameFont /Courier findfont def
/ArrowFont /Symbol findfont def
/Nlw 0.25 def /Mlw 0.5 def /Wlw 1 def /Xlw 1.5 def
/DMX matrix defaultmatrix def
/MMX matrix def
/DAR [1] def
/DSR [5 1 1 1 1 1] def
/CF {scalefont setfont} bind def
/CL {curveto stroke} bind def
/DV {scf div} bind def
/L /lineto load def
/LX {currentpoint exch pop lineto} bind def
/LY {currentpoint pop exch lineto} bind def
/MP {moveto gsave currentpoint translate} bind def
/MB {lineto stroke grestore} bind def
/MI {currentpoint stroke newpath moveto} bind def
/MT /moveto load def
/NP /newpath load def
/PL {lineto stroke} bind def
/R /rlineto load def
/ST {stroke grestore} bind def
/SCF {DV scalefont setfont} bind def
/SDW {DV setlinewidth DAR 0 setdash} bind def
/SFW {DV setlinewidth DSR 0 setdash} bind def
/SLW {[] 0 setdash DV setlinewidth} bind def
/SPW {Clw mul [] 0 setdash DV setlinewidth 1 setlinecap} bind def
/X {0 rlineto} bind def
/Y {0 exch rlineto} bind def
/ntbl [ [/M /x /w /v /X /X /Z]
[/y /s /m /U /i /J /X]
[/z /q /h /u /e /n /V]
[/A /W /l /X /r /E /T]
[/B /p /g /d /f /o /S]
[/C /t /k /D /j /K /Q]
[/F /G /H /I /N /O /P] ] def
0 1 6 {/rx exch def 0 1 6 {/cx exch def ntbl rx get cx get dup
/X ne {[ cx 3 sub 3 rx sub /rlineto load] cvx bind def} {pop} ifelse
} for } for
/GMCT {gsave moveto currentpoint transform
DMX setmatrix itransform translate CaptionFont
GridLblSize CF} bind def
/RSG {rotate 0 0.5 rmoveto show grestore} bind def
/GMT {gsave transform 0 0 moveto 1 scf div dup scale} bind def
/BA {gsave translate rotate 1 DV dup scale newpath 0.2 setlinewidth
dup newpath dup 4 mul exch moveto 0 0 lineto dup 4 mul exch neg lineto
closepath fill grestore} bind def
/WA {gsave translate rotate 1 setgray 1 DV dup scale newpath 0.2 setlinewidth
5 2 moveto 0 0 lineto 5 -2 lineto 0 0 moveto 10 0 lineto
1 setgray stroke grestore} bind def
/SWA {gsave translate rotate 1 DV dup scale 0.2 setlinewidth 0.6 dup scale
5 2 moveto 0 0 lineto 5 -2 lineto 0 0 moveto 10 0 lineto
1 setgray stroke grestore} bind def
/HST {gsave translate rotate 0 0 moveto 0 0 CxD DV 0 360 newpath arc
gsave 1 setgray fill grestore .25 SLW stroke
dup length dup /HSTln exch def 4 le
{dup stringwidth pop -2 div -1.5 DV moveto show}
{/HSTln HSTln 1 add 2 div cvi def
dup 0 HSTln getinterval dup stringwidth pop -2 div 0.5 DV moveto show
dup length HSTln sub HSTln exch getinterval
dup stringwidth pop -2 div -3.7 DV moveto show
} ifelse
grestore} bind def
/HTT {gsave translate gsave rotate 0 0 moveto 0 0 CxD DV 0 360 newpath arc
gsave 1 setgray fill grestore .25 SLW stroke
dup stringwidth pop -2 div -1.5 DV moveto show
grestore rotate moveto HFn setfont show
grestore} bind def
/Hd {gsave translate CityDotFontSize DV dup -.3 mul exch -.3058 mul
exch moveto (\267) show grestore} bind def
/Id {gsave translate gsave CityDotFontSize DV dup -.3 mul exch -.3058 mul
exch moveto (\267) show grestore
rotate moveto HFn setfont show
grestore} bind def
/HF {HostNameFont [4 DV 0 0 6 DV 0 0] makefont} def
/IF {HostNameFont [4.5 DV 0 0 7 DV 0 0] makefont} def
/Mpath {newpath 0 0 moveto Pwid Margin 2 mul sub 0 rlineto
0 Pht Margin 3 mul sub rlineto Pwid Margin 2 mul sub neg 0 rlineto
closepath} bind def
/lctr {gsave zf setfont 10 mul 0 exch rmoveto dup
stringwidth pop -2 div 0 rmoveto show grestore} bind def
/ldsp {/dr exch def gsave zf setfont dup stringwidth pop dr mul 0 rmoveto
show grestore} bind def
/T1 {gsave MMX setmatrix
0 -3 TitleSize sub MT TitleFont TitleSize CF show
grestore} bind def
/T2 {gsave MMX setmatrix
0 -5 TitleSize sub SubtitleSize sub MT TitleFont SubtitleSize CF show
grestore} bind def
/MLB {290 -4 MT CaptionFont CaptionSize CF CaptionSize 1 add
mul neg 0 exch rmoveto show} bind def
/HSH {HSHx HSHy MT show /HSHy HSHy HSHdy sub def} def
/HSHmt {/HSHy exch def /HSHx exch def} def
/HSHdxy {/HSHdy exch def /HSHdx exch def} def
/INIT {Margin dup 2 mul translate
MMX currentmatrix pop
Mpath 1 setlinewidth stroke} def
% end profile
gsave
INIT
/CxD 11 2 div def
(USENET Backbone in the U.S.) T1
(DECWRL netmap-1.5 by Brian Reid at Sun May 29 21:53:51 1988) 1 MLB
(Lambert Conformal Projection [44\312N,33\312N], Map center: [40\312N, 96\312 30\302W]) 2 MLB
(Image resolution 300/in., stroke limit 5 pixels) 3 MLB
283 361 translate
0.240000 dup dup scale /scf exch def
/DAR [ DAR {DV} forall ] def
/DSR [ DSR {DV} forall ] def
/AFont ArrowFont 10 DV scalefont def
% USA
Nlw SLW -1164 -1364 MP
-5 -12 R -9 1 R -14 -11 MB
-741 -1213 MP
-9 -5 R -5 -4 R 8 3 R -13 -5 R -5 7 R
-15 -8 R 5 6 R -14 5 R -7 -4 R -13 -4 R -16 -5 R -1 -8 R
-15 4 R 1 11 R -6 3 R 3 -9 R -10 -5 R -9 2 R -8 6 R
5 -8 R 2 -9 R 7 -7 R -7 -8 R -7 -7 R -13 X 1 6 R 14 2 R
-6 7 R -3 8 R ST
-878 -1239 MP
-5 -14 R -8 1 R -13 4 R -7 7 R 5 -9 R
8 -3 R 4 -7 R 3 -11 R -11 -9 R -9 -6 R -11 5 R -10 7 R
-8 X -1 12 R 1 -15 R -9 Y -8 -4 R -5 5 R -11 9 R -9 1 R
14 -7 R 6 -10 R -4 -13 R -6 -3 R -9 3 R 8 -6 R 1 -8 R
-2 -9 R -10 -8 R -3 6 R 1 8 R -3 14 R -7 6 R -9 4 R
6 -6 R 7 -3 R 3 -9 R -2 -12 R -12 -1 R -4 -9 R -5 -5 R
2 9 R -1 8 R ST
-1002 -1327 MP
-3 -12 R 2 -10 R -8 -7 R -1 -9 R 7 -1 R
-7 -8 R -12 -9 R -13 -4 R -8 -1 R -1 8 R 3 8 R 14 Y -3 -16 R
-4 -9 R -7 7 R -10 11 R 2 15 R 3 7 R 4 10 R -7 6 R
4 -9 R -8 -19 R -7 -6 R 1 -9 R 7 X 9 -6 R -7 -6 R -17 2 R
-9 4 R -2 8 R -11 10 R 6 5 R -8 4 R -1 8 R -2 8 R
7 5 R 10 1 R 8 3 R -12 -3 R -13 5 R -2 -8 R -7 -4 R
-11 4 R -3 9 R -8 4 R -8 -1 R 9 -1 R 6 -6 R 6 -10 R
5 -7 R 4 -8 R 2 -9 R -5 -9 R -10 4 R 7 -4 R -9 -2 R
-4 7 R 1 -8 R 6 -7 R 4 -8 R -7 6 R -14 8 R -8 6 R
-7 3 R ST
-1165 754 MP
-11 11 R q -13 12 MB
-856 1308 MP
4 -7 R 11 -10 R 11 -5 R 9 -5 R 9 -4 R
12 -4 R 14 -2 R 12 -6 R 8 -7 R -3 -9 R -9 Y -2 -9 R -9 Y
2 -23 R 4 4 R -2 9 R -3 10 R 1 10 R 3 8 R 2 13 R
5 7 R 17 -1 R 10 -3 R 9 -5 R 9 -1 R 7 -8 R 9 -3 R
11 -2 R 12 -6 R 8 -7 R 17 -8 R S ST
-647 1215 MP
-9 6 R -5 8 R -7 8 R
-16 13 R -9 3 R -12 6 R -9 X -9 5 R -9 4 R -11 4 R -9 2 R
-8 5 R -19 9 R -12 8 R -11 9 R -9 5 R -8 7 R -8 7 R
-6 8 R -6 5 R ST
-1147 518 MP
-3 9 R 3 9 R -1 9 R -2 20 R 5 8 R
-2 9 R 4 10 R 8 6 R 9 4 R 9 -1 R 9 -1 R 9 -1 R
9 -2 R 13 3 R 8 7 R 9 5 R 15 5 R 9 -2 R 17 6 R
13 X 9 -3 R 12 2 R 6 9 R 7 6 R ST
-971 636 MP
7 7 R 8 7 R 9 9 R
9 -4 R 3 9 R 8 7 R 3 13 R 5 7 R 6 8 R 11 11 R
16 10 R 9 -1 R 12 -9 R 11 -9 R -6 8 R -7 6 R -8 5 R
-3 8 R 1 9 R 4 9 R 5 9 R 7 8 R 8 7 R 7 7 R
4 2 R ST
-842 780 MP
-8 -4 R -13 -15 R -13 -5 R -16 3 R -9 3 R -8 7 R
8 6 R 3 9 R 14 5 R -13 3 R -9 -1 R -7 -6 R -15 1 R
-8 X -9 5 R -9 3 R -12 -1 R -13 -4 R -5 -8 R -9 -6 R -10 -3 R
-9 -2 R -8 -6 R -10 -1 R ST
-1031 762 MP
-13 -5 R -6 -4 R -6 X -7 -5 R -11 3 R
-7 -8 R -5 6 R -4 -11 R -7 -2 R -5 -8 R -13 -7 R -13 -6 R
-6 -3 R -6 9 R -5 8 R -4 8 R -7 7 R -7 8 R s ST
-1014 1506 MP
6 -8 R
2 -9 R 1 -9 R 6 -17 R 5 -8 R 3 -14 R 5 -9 R 3 -9 R
1 -11 R 11 -21 R 1 -9 R 10 -11 R -8 Y 7 -2 R 8 -8 R 8 -5 R
9 -2 R 8 -5 R 9 1 R 17 2 R 14 -8 R 18 -27 R 4 -4 R
ST
-839 1337 MP
-10 12 R -7 8 R -8 7 R -7 8 R -7 8 R -10 12 R -18 39 R
-2 12 R -1 9 R 1 11 R 2 12 R 4 9 R 5 7 R 4 -7 R
6 5 R 4 9 R 8 X 9 -1 R 6 -7 R 6 -7 R 9 -1 R 9 -7 R
8 -6 R 7 -7 R -1 -9 R -8 Y -2 -13 R 8 -10 R 4 -8 R 4 -8 R
7 -7 R 4 -6 R ST
-797 1394 MP
-4 9 R -7 8 R 3 13 R -1 18 R 5 8 R
8 6 R -7 9 R -12 10 R 9 Y 1 7 R 1 6 R 8 -2 R 14 2 R
9 -1 R 9 -5 R 9 -7 R -2 16 R -3 5 R 31 111 MB
-1179 405 MP
6 16 R 3 9 R
3 14 R 4 9 R 12 10 R 8 10 R 13 -6 R 9 -2 R -8 3 R
-8 3 R -8 11 R 2 13 R -2 8 R -4 9 R 1 6 R ST
-625 1506 MP
1 -9 R
-4 -4 R 12 -5 R 8 -5 R 5 -11 R 4 -9 R 3 -12 R -7 -7 R
7 5 R 8 6 R 6 X 5 6 R 9 -5 R 2 -9 R 4 -4 R 8 -4 R
7 -6 R -4 -5 R 9 -2 R 5 -4 R 7 -2 R ST
-529 1419 MP
-9 -6 R -9 Y 9 -3 R
5 -5 R 6 -5 R -4 -6 R -7 -3 R 6 -8 R 9 2 R 13 -2 R
9 1 R 4 -5 R -3 -7 R 11 -3 R -4 -5 R 9 X -7 -5 R 9 -2 R
-7 -6 R 9 3 R 4 -6 R 4 -8 R 9 -4 R 12 -2 R 9 1 R
10 -7 R 9 X 9 -1 R 9 -3 R 9 X 8 5 R 5 5 R 8 -5 R
9 -4 R 13 4 R -2 8 R 6 7 R 11 6 R 4 7 R 7 5 R
8 Y -3 8 R -8 7 R -7 -6 R -8 -3 R 6 8 R 8 4 R ST
-329 1379 MP
9 3 R
5 -9 R 12 -17 R -8 Y -10 -5 R 13 -5 R 7 -11 R 2 -6 R -10 -2 R
-8 2 R 6 -8 R 9 -4 R 10 2 R 9 -4 R 8 -21 R 5 -20 R
7 -5 R 4 -13 R 5 -12 R 6 -8 R 7 -8 R 23 -21 R 8 -7 R
-8 2 R -14 -1 R -8 -5 R 9 3 R 9 2 R 12 -2 R 8 -5 R
9 -3 R 6 -1 R ST
-179 1182 MP
2 9 R 1 8 R 9 1 R 19 1 R 9 1 R
-8 -1 R 11 -1 R 16 -2 R 9 -2 R 8 -7 R 8 X 8 -6 R 9 -3 R
11 -2 R 2 -7 R -10 1 R -5 -6 R -3 -15 R -2 -8 R -6 -8 R
-8 -4 R -8 -1 R -8 3 R -6 7 R -8 6 R 7 -8 R 8 -7 R
9 -4 R 11 2 R 8 6 R 10 9 R 10 2 R 10 9 R 6 8 R
5 6 R 9 -5 R 5 10 R T ST
-28 1174 MP
8 X 25 -10 R 9 -2 R 10 -2 R 13 -2 R
5 -5 R 9 -4 R 22 -3 R -8 -6 R -16 2 R -16 3 R -8 4 R
-12 -5 R -1 -7 R -9 2 R -4 -6 R -8 -1 R 5 -7 R -4 -9 R
-4 -9 R -10 4 R -7 11 R 1 -9 R -6 -6 R 4 -5 R -9 1 R
-6 2 R 5 -7 R -9 -1 R -5 8 R -8 -7 R -9 2 R -7 7 R
-8 4 R -9 -3 R 7 -7 R 8 X 4 -7 R 8 -5 R 4 -5 R 6 4 R
6 1 R 7 1 R 21 2 R 9 3 R 7 8 R 1 -9 R -7 -7 R
-8 -3 R 9 2 R 7 6 R 5 7 R 5 7 R 9 5 R -5 -7 R
-7 Y -1 -13 R -8 -6 R 1 -7 R 3 -13 R -8 -4 R -8 3 R -8 5 R
-8 X 10 -5 R 9 -4 R 9 -1 R 7 4 R ST
6 1057 MP
-2 11 R 7 8 R 1 9 R
3 15 R 6 13 R 7 5 R 15 -4 R -4 -10 R -5 -8 R -5 -7 R
-5 -7 R -6 -7 R 9 7 R 10 12 R 5 8 R 4 8 R 1 9 R
8 6 R 5 -3 R 5 -6 R 2 -7 R -7 -9 R 8 6 R 16 23 R
3 -9 R -4 -8 R -8 -8 R 1 -8 R -3 -11 R 2 -9 R 9 Y 3 9 R
2 9 R 7 8 R 11 7 R -8 11 R 5 21 R 12 8 R 5 2 R
ST
112 1161 MP
9 4 R 22 13 R 8 7 R 6 2 R -7 -5 R -8 -8 R -8 -3 R
-8 -5 R -8 -4 R -15 -7 R 10 X 7 X 5 6 R 16 10 R -4 -6 R
-9 Y 8 -5 R 1 -9 R 8 -6 R 1 -9 R -4 -7 R -8 -1 R 9 -1 R
7 6 R 3 7 R -4 8 R -2 8 R 2 14 R 15 2 R 1 -4 R
ST
175 1158 MP
-5 7 R -9 -2 R -5 11 R 8 5 R 10 2 R 4 -6 R 9 -5 R
12 -7 R -4 -15 R 2 -9 R -7 -1 R 9 -1 R 1 -13 R -2 -12 R
4 7 R 2 9 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 10 -5 R 6 3 R 10 -11 R
-4 -8 R -4 -8 R 7 7 R 4 7 R -4 11 R -2 10 R -4 8 R
15 -3 R 3 -7 R 2 -9 R 5 -5 R 4 -9 R 5 -9 R 8 -11 R
-8 -1 R -3 -5 R ST
256 1099 MP
9 1 R 7 2 R 12 -10 R 9 -5 R 9 -3 R
11 -2 R -8 -2 R 10 1 R 8 -5 R 2 -17 R 4 -9 R 13 -16 R
9 -6 R 11 -5 R 11 -3 R 2 -7 R 6 4 R 8 -5 R ST
389 1012 MP
12 -5 R
2 -8 R 8 -1 R 9 -11 R 11 -4 R 6 -9 R 9 -17 R 2 -10 R
2 8 R 11 X -8 Y -8 -2 R 9 X -7 -8 R -8 -4 R 9 3 R 9 4 R
7 4 R 5 -6 R 7 1 R 7 -7 R 5 -5 R 9 X 1 -9 R 9 8 R
5 -9 R 7 5 R 8 -2 R 2 -9 R I ST
537 907 MP
2 9 R 6 3 R 3 -6 R
11 2 R 11 -4 R 11 2 R 7 5 R 10 2 R 9 4 R 13 5 R
9 3 R 19 9 R 19 10 R 13 8 R 28 22 R 12 10 R 17 7 R
17 2 R 16 10 R 5 3 R ST
776 1013 MP
-21 -14 R -17 -2 R -13 -3 R -3 -11 R
-8 -5 R 8 2 R 10 4 R 10 4 R 13 9 R 8 4 R 9 7 R
8 5 R 9 6 R 31 16 R 8 7 R 9 6 R 9 3 R 21 4 R
16 1 R 23 1 R 9 2 R 13 -6 R 9 -3 R 9 -1 R 12 1 R
9 -2 R 3 2 R ST
970 1050 MP
4 -16 R 3 -9 R 2 -8 R 1 -13 R -8 -4 R
8 Y 1 8 R -6 -8 R -7 -10 R -13 -9 R -8 -7 R -6 -6 R -4 -13 R
-6 -9 R -8 -7 R -21 -10 R -8 X -8 3 R -4 2 R ST
873 943 MP
8 -7 R 7 -5 R
-7 -5 R -10 -1 R -10 -2 R -3 -12 R 7 6 R 5 -5 R -6 -7 R
-8 -7 R -9 -6 R -19 -13 R -13 5 R -9 4 R -13 1 R 1 -7 R
-2 -9 R 5 6 R 12 -5 R -3 -5 R -7 -7 R -14 3 R -13 X -9 2 R
-9 1 R -21 -3 R -11 -5 R -9 -6 R -6 -8 R -5 -13 R -2 -4 R
ST
700 828 MP
-8 -6 R -4 -9 R -14 -11 R -8 -7 R -6 -8 R -4 -9 R -4 -15 R
4 -13 R 6 -1 R 5 -5 R 3 -8 R 6 -8 R 7 -8 R 1 -8 R
3 -9 R 3 -9 R -2 -8 R -2 6 R -9 -4 R -5 -9 R -8 -10 R
3 9 R -6 -8 R -7 -5 R -3 -9 R 7 5 R -3 -11 R -6 -29 R
-3 8 R -5 6 R -1 -9 R 2 -9 R t ST
639 615 MP
7 -8 R 2 -9 R 1 -10 R
3 -9 R -8 5 R -3 -5 R 5 -6 R 13 -14 R -7 1 R 6 -8 R
7 -8 R 2 -13 R -6 5 R -6 -8 R -8 -2 R -10 -3 R 4 -6 R
13 -2 R 6 -5 R -2 -9 R 5 -13 R -3 -17 R 5 -17 R -10 Y 7 -6 R
7 -8 R 1 -13 R -4 -9 R -4 -9 R -16 Y K ST
675 381 MP
13 -6 R 4 8 R 1 13 R
-4 8 R -4 10 R 2 6 R 4 -7 R 7 3 R 4 9 R -8 2 R
-6 8 R 8 5 R 9 X 5 -8 R 7 -4 R 3 -8 R 10 9 R 6 8 R
3 13 R 4 9 R 6 7 R 7 -5 R 2 -7 R 9 -8 R Q ST
770 443 MP
-9 3 R
-9 1 R -1 -8 R -3 -9 R -3 -7 R -11 -14 R -3 -9 R 3 -7 R
2 8 R 16 -1 R 8 -4 R -5 -7 R -4 -8 R -2 -6 R 4 -7 R
9 -8 R -1 -11 R -4 -13 R -2 -9 R -6 -6 R ST
749 321 MP
10 Y -8 -6 R -4 -9 R
-8 -12 R -8 -9 R -4 -6 R -1 -9 R 6 -8 R 8 X 7 -8 R -1 -16 R
-2 -11 R -5 -13 R -4 -11 R -2 -17 R 1 -9 R 1 -13 R 4 -9 R
F ST
726 162 MP
-9 5 R -8 -2 R 10 -6 R 8 3 R 4 -9 R 3 -9 R 4 -9 R
5 -9 R 10 -16 R -7 6 R -3 8 R -2 -9 R -4 -5 R -8 2 R
-3 -8 R 4 -8 R 7 -1 R 7 1 R 7 4 R 10 -5 R 6 -8 R
9 -2 R 8 -7 R 12 -17 R 5 -9 R 2 -14 R 8 Y 6 -8 R 7 -17 R
-4 8 R -9 Y -4 -7 R -6 -5 R 6 -9 R -1 -6 R 7 5 R 5 4 R
6 X 6 -9 R -4 -5 R -7 -6 R ST
820 -18 MP
9 X 14 -4 R 2 -7 R -1 -9 R
7 -1 R 1 6 R 9 -6 R 2 -8 R 3 -12 R 8 7 R 7 3 R
11 -4 R 9 -4 R 2 -6 R -4 -11 R 6 -5 R 4 8 R 5 11 R
10 -1 R 8 -5 R 12 4 R 9 2 R 9 2 R 12 1 R 11 5 R
9 3 R 6 5 R -5 2 R ST
996 -43 MP
7 1 R ST
355 -1224 MP
-14 -2 R -9 -3 R -8 -6 R
-10 -7 R -11 -10 R -9 -6 R -5 -9 R -9 Y -9 2 R -10 -2 R -5 -8 R
-1 -9 R -10 -16 R -8 -7 R -10 -4 R -7 -8 R -4 -9 R -3 -9 R
-10 -23 R -1 -9 R D ST
211 -1380 MP
-8 -3 R -8 -2 R -13 4 R -9 1 R -9 3 R
-9 -8 R -9 -1 R -12 -5 R -11 -4 R -8 -7 R -17 -6 R -13 -4 R
-13 -5 R -8 -6 R -24 4 R -2 7 R s ST
36 -1410 MP
-18 -3 R -2 -9 R -8 -7 R
-9 -4 R -9 -1 R -9 2 R -13 -2 R -14 5 R 2 7 R 8 -3 R
7 3 R 7 6 R -14 2 R -7 -5 R -13 -1 R -5 8 R 3 9 R
2 10 R 2 13 R 4 7 R -5 -5 R -8 Y -9 -12 R 3 -10 R -8 -11 R
7 -4 R 8 -1 R 1 -7 R -8 -7 R -10 -7 R -9 X -10 -3 R ST
-90 -1448 MP
-15 -4 R
-9 -6 R -17 -6 R -9 -5 R -10 3 R -29 2 R -23 5 R -11 -2 R
-13 -4 R -11 -6 R -9 -2 R -14 2 R -8 6 R -5 8 R -8 5 R
-21 7 R -9 6 R -9 3 R -24 -3 R ST
-345 -1439 MP
-9 6 R -10 -3 R -9 -1 R
-18 3 R -9 4 R -9 X -9 -1 R -8 4 R -13 8 R -9 5 R -7 8 R
-9 4 R -8 11 R -9 -1 R -17 7 R -9 4 R -13 5 R -9 3 R
-8 4 R -16 7 R ST
-553 -1361 MP
-13 5 R -15 5 R -8 3 R -5 5 R -10 4 R
-13 X -10 5 R -9 1 R 1 16 R 1 9 R 7 5 R -9 -2 R -3 -8 R
-4 -8 R -5 -10 R -9 X -8 3 R 8 -1 R -8 7 R -6 7 R U ST
-671 -1312 MP
-5 -8 R
-8 -4 R -6 7 R -8 -5 R -13 1 R -18 -1 R -9 2 R -10 1 R
-11 -1 R -15 -5 R -9 1 R -9 4 R -9 1 R l ST
-803 -1320 MP
7 9 R 7 8 R
8 7 R 5 9 R 4 9 R 8 19 R 2 8 R 7 8 R 6 5 R
9 3 R 6 -8 R 4 -8 R 7 -8 R 6 -7 R 8 5 R -4 -6 R
-7 6 R -10 17 R -10 11 R 11 3 R 5 -9 R 6 -3 R 8 3 R
9 -4 R 2 -7 R 2 -7 R -8 4 R 3 -8 R 7 -6 R 9 2 R
-1 9 R -4 8 R -7 5 R 8 Y -7 3 R -8 1 R -7 X -8 4 R
-10 7 R -4 7 R ST
-1156 -1385 MP
10 -1 R -1 -7 R -5 -6 R -3 8 R -1 6 R
ST
-1178 -1377 MP
9 -4 R 13 -12 R -9 1 R -9 7 R y 0 -5 MB
-1178 -1383 MP
8 -7 R 8 -9 R -8 -4 R
-8 -1 R 0 -21 MB
-1178 -1401 MP
0 0 MB
-1178 -1410 MP
9 4 R 13 1 R -4 -7 R -8 -1 R -8 X W 0 -2 MB
-1178 -1506 MP
0 0 MB
-1174 -1506 MP
5 3 R 4 0 MB
-1168 -1506 MP
5 2 R
d 4 0 MB
-1003 -1389 MP
-10 -4 R -11 -17 R 2 -9 R 1 -8 R 16 2 R 9 4 R 1 8 R
8 Y -4 5 R -4 -8 R 7 14 R 9 -2 R -6 -13 R 5 -9 R 11 6 R
11 -6 R -4 8 R 4 5 R 9 3 R -1 7 R -1 8 R 17 -8 R
5 8 R -4 8 R 15 4 R 5 5 R 8 5 R 2 6 R -2 -8 R
5 -11 R 9 -3 R 5 11 R -1 11 R 6 5 R 5 -5 R 1 9 R
11 5 R 5 -7 R 10 3 R 6 8 R 3 20 R -4 8 R -7 5 R
y ST
-863 -1306 MP
11 -4 R 6 -8 R 5 -9 R 7 -4 R 7 7 R 8 6 R 6 7 R
9 11 R 7 7 R 7 8 R 7 13 R -4 8 R 10 Y -14 -2 R 4 -8 R
-8 2 R -8 -3 R -7 3 R -8 -3 R -16 -4 R -9 -4 R -7 -5 R
-6 -10 R -11 -10 R -13 -5 R -9 2 R -9 -4 R -9 -2 R -15 -3 R
-20 -4 R -6 -12 R -6 -7 R -5 -9 R -4 -9 R -5 -7 R -7 -9 R
-13 -15 R -5 -7 R ST
-795 -1243 MP
11 2 R -7 -6 R -4 4 R ST
-800 -1231 MP
8 2 R -3 -9 R
-5 7 R ST
-824 -1257 MP
11 4 R 2 -6 R -8 2 R -5 -1 R ST
-837 -1258 MP
13 5 R -8 -5 R
-5 -1 R ST
-899 -1285 MP
8 7 R 9 4 R 6 X -8 -8 R -8 -3 R -7 X ST
-934 -1292 MP
9 -4 R
-7 4 R W ST
-942 -1302 MP
9 X 9 -2 R -8 -4 R -10 2 R v ST
-953 -1300 MP
9 3 R 12 -1 R
-8 -2 R -5 -5 R -8 5 R ST
-994 -1333 MP
11 -3 R -2 -9 R -6 -3 R -3 13 R
u ST
-892 -1361 MP
7 -4 R -7 1 R U ST
-1082 -1386 MP
18 -5 R -7 -4 R -10 3 R -1 6 R ST
-1105 -1376 MP
9 -4 R
8 -4 R -7 -7 R -9 2 R -3 8 R 2 5 R ST
-1121 -1337 MP
9 -5 R 3 -13 R
9 -11 R -9 Y -8 4 R -8 8 R -1 10 R -4 8 R -1 8 R ST
-1122 -1370 MP
6 -5 R
-6 4 R ST
-1118 -1381 MP
4 -7 R -4 7 R ST
-1164 -1375 MP
14 -2 R 9 -2 R 6 -8 R -8 2 R
-8 3 R -8 3 R -5 4 R ST
-936 -1378 MP
9 2 R 9 -1 R -8 Y -8 -3 R -9 X
-1 8 R u ST
-1009 670 MP
7 8 R 7 8 R 19 5 R -3 -14 R -3 -8 R -2 -9 R
-2 -13 R -1 -9 R -6 -7 R -9 4 R -4 8 R -3 10 R -1 17 R
ST
-942 762 MP
12 -5 R -1 -9 R -11 14 R ST
-1026 1236 MP
7 11 R 10 3 R -4 -7 R 8 5 R
8 2 R 6 -8 R -1 -8 R -5 -11 R -8 -4 R -9 2 R -8 5 R
-4 10 R ST
-976 1499 MP
6 Y 0 7 MB
-945 1506 MP
-7 -8 R -5 -13 R -3 -22 R -4 -7 R -6 8 R -2 8 R
-1 15 R -1 8 R w ST
-828 1503 MP
12 -5 R -8 X -4 5 R ST
-113 1199 MP
-8 3 R 8 -3 R ST
10 1168 MP
-10 3 R
-13 2 R 12 -1 R 8 -3 R 5 -2 R ST
203 1190 MP
-11 9 R -13 -2 R -11 -2 R
8 3 R 8 1 R 8 1 R 8 -4 R 3 -6 R ST
206 1185 MP
3 -5 R -3 5 R
ST
218 1173 MP
4 -4 R ST
230 1165 MP
13 -8 R 9 -3 R -8 2 R -9 5 R -5 4 R ST
251 1142 MP
2 -10 R
2 -7 R -3 8 R -1 8 R ST
271 1107 MP
11 -11 R -7 5 R -4 6 R ST
322 1082 MP
ST
777 1014 MP
13 7 R
9 5 R 12 7 R -10 -7 R -8 -4 R -8 -4 R -8 -4 R ST
946 1060 MP
5 -1 R
ST
958 1057 MP
13 -4 R 16 -10 R -8 4 R -9 4 R -10 4 R q ST
997 1035 MP
ST
1002 1030 MP
ST
1007 1021 MP
3 -5 R ST
1012 1014 MP
1 -5 R
ST
1013 990 MP
5 3 R ST
1019 986 MP
ST
1020 982 MP
5 -1 R ST
1027 976 MP
ST
1031 970 MP
ST
892 920 MP
3 9 R 1 -8 R -5 -1 R ST
681 728 MP
6 -8 R 6 -13 R
-3 8 R -9 13 R ST
648 609 MP
2 -13 R 3 -16 R -2 8 R -3 8 R 12 Y ST
668 516 MP
1 -12 R
ST
673 489 MP
-1 -8 R 1 8 R ST
691 474 MP
9 1 R -8 -1 R -5 -2 R ST
683 447 MP
3 -5 R ST
734 296 MP
4 -8 R
-4 -9 R -5 7 R 4 10 R ST
755 105 MP
8 -5 R 6 -9 R -7 6 R -4 7 R
A ST
820 16 MP
2 -5 R ST
827 6 MP
7 -7 R 9 -13 R -7 5 R -8 14 R ST
847 -21 MP
10 -7 R -9 2 R
-1 5 R ST
868 -35 MP
13 -8 R 9 -5 R 13 -5 R -8 X -8 4 R -6 5 R -8 3 R
-5 6 R ST
914 -56 MP
30 1 R 13 4 R 29 6 R -8 -1 R -10 -3 R -8 -3 R
-8 -2 R -8 -1 R -8 -1 R -12 -1 R -10 1 R ST
-580 1471 MP
9 1 R -7 -3 R
q ST
-532 1408 MP
8 2 R 6 -5 R -8 -3 R -6 5 R ST
-298 1384 MP
9 1 R -8 -1 R ST
-295 1355 MP
8 X 5 -8 R
-8 2 R -5 6 R ST
-247 1294 MP
7 -8 R 10 -12 R 6 -7 R 6 -13 R 5 -9 R
7 -13 R 5 -9 R 7 -8 R 3 -9 R 3 -10 R -7 -3 R -8 3 R
-4 10 R -8 4 R -5 13 R -3 10 R -4 7 R -3 8 R -2 9 R
-7 6 R -7 6 R 13 -5 R -4 7 R -5 14 R -5 8 R ST
-477 731 MP
9 3 R
9 -3 R 6 -9 R -9 7 R 5 -8 R 3 -8 R -3 -9 R -3 -13 R
-3 -9 R -1 -18 R -2 -9 R -5 4 R -3 11 R 7 8 R -3 8 R
-7 8 R 1 7 R 2 8 R -7 6 R 8 9 R -4 7 R ST
-472 648 MP
9 1 R
-5 -6 R -4 5 R ST
-478 633 MP
11 6 R -4 -12 R -7 6 R ST
-489 617 MP
8 6 R 4 -7 R
-8 -6 R -4 7 R ST
-439 544 MP
7 -4 R -9 2 R e ST
-398 474 MP
9 -4 R 11 -3 R 11 -3 R
-2 -7 R -11 2 R -8 3 R -8 6 R -2 6 R ST
-586 516 MP
6 -5 R -6 1 R
v ST
-541 411 MP
8 -7 R 8 -6 R 9 -5 R -7 -2 R -2 -9 R -10 3 R -9 7 R
-5 8 R -2 9 R 4 11 R 2 -8 R S ST
-599 382 MP
10 -8 R 6 -9 R 7 -7 R
1 -9 R -7 4 R -6 9 R -7 9 R -4 8 R U ST
-651 411 MP
6 -6 R -8 Y -6 4 R
-1 8 R u ST
339 -1297 MP
10 1 R -10 -3 R u ST
306 -1288 MP
11 10 R -4 -10 R -8 -1 R ST
306 -1347 MP
ST
245 -1354 MP
6 13 R
3 -8 R -4 -6 R -5 1 R ST
245 -1369 MP
8 2 R -4 -7 R -4 5 R ST
240 -1381 MP
-1 -5 R
ST
-773 -1224 MP
7 -3 R 9 X 9 -1 R 5 7 R -4 -8 R -10 X -7 -5 R -9 7 R
U ST
-943 -84 MP
4 -9 R 3 -9 R 9 -1 R 9 3 R 7 7 R 8 6 R 9 2 R
6 8 R 9 5 R 10 3 R 10 5 R -1 6 R -13 1 R 5 11 R
9 -3 R -7 7 R 5 6 R 11 4 R 9 -3 R 16 5 R -8 2 R
-7 6 R 5 9 R 8 X 8 -4 R 9 -4 R -1 7 R -2 8 R 7 -6 R
9 -7 R 14 -2 R 14 -1 R 12 1 R 9 2 R 3 9 R -5 7 R
-8 -1 R -11 2 R 7 8 R -12 1 R -10 -1 R -8 -1 R -6 3 R
-7 2 R -10 -4 R -7 -6 R -8 -2 R -7 -5 R -10 -2 R ST
-847 -8 MP
-6 -6 R
-14 -4 R -9 -4 R -11 -1 R -14 -3 R -17 -6 R -9 -6 R -20 -1 R
-9 -4 R -9 -3 R -9 -3 R -10 -7 R -15 -3 R -9 -3 R -6 4 R
-5 6 R 3 -9 R -12 Y -9 3 R -5 6 R -6 8 R -8 -5 R 7 -7 R
8 -4 R 8 -2 R 8 -2 R 7 3 R 6 6 R 8 6 R -12 -17 R
-3 -21 R 5 -6 R 8 -1 R 10 -2 R 8 -3 R 7 -5 R 8 -1 R
8 1 R 9 6 R 1 8 R -1 8 R 2 10 R ST
-999 -298 MP
9 -4 R -1 -9 R
-8 1 R -2 9 R J ST
-1037 -155 MP
4 9 R 7 -4 R 3 -9 R 8 4 R 8 2 R
-4 7 R -6 6 R 1 6 R 9 -5 R 3 -5 R 5 -7 R 5 -7 R
9 3 R 10 4 R 9 2 R 7 5 R -5 9 R -5 8 R 24 -4 R
-10 -5 R 4 -8 R 1 -8 R -4 -9 R -5 -7 R -5 -5 R -6 -8 R
-6 -8 R -7 4 R 3 8 R -8 X 7 Y -4 7 R -8 -3 R -6 -1 R
-4 8 R -4 -13 R 2 7 R -8 1 R -8 1 R -8 X -1 8 R ST
-954 -171 MP
5 8 R
4 9 R 5 9 R 9 4 R 9 X 13 2 R 8 -3 R 9 -2 R 13 -4 R
12 3 R 11 -3 R 5 4 R 9 4 R 4 -9 R -10 -5 R -9 2 R
-10 -1 R 14 -4 R -7 -5 R -12 -1 R -8 1 R -11 -1 R -13 8 R
-8 X -8 -2 R -8 -1 R -7 -6 R 9 -1 R 10 -4 R -9 -3 R -19 -4 R
5 -5 R 9 -1 R -6 Y -4 -9 R -16 -3 R -4 7 R 3 7 R -3 8 R
7 Y ST
-849 -118 MP
9 4 R 13 2 R 9 4 R -8 X -13 -3 R 8 Y 9 1 R 16 5 R
9 1 R 6 -4 R 13 -2 R 3 9 R 10 12 R 13 8 R 8 6 R
12 -1 R 7 -8 R 2 -10 R -3 -7 R -10 -1 R -8 X -8 -3 R -8 -2 R
-8 -3 R -10 -4 R -7 -5 R -8 -3 R 8 7 R -7 1 R -7 -3 R
-6 -7 R -8 -1 R -12 -2 R -4 -5 R 2 -9 R -8 -3 R -7 4 R
4 8 R -3 6 R ST
-1086 -8 MP
3 -9 R 6 -6 R 5 -15 R 5 -5 R -9 Y 8 -7 R
-4 -7 R -9 13 R -3 11 R -4 10 R -4 8 R -3 8 R -1 8 R
ST
-1108 -32 MP
7 -7 R 8 -5 R 4 -9 R -6 X -7 5 R -6 7 R -1 10 R ST
-1179 19 MP
2 -8 R
1 -9 R -2 -4 R 0 -21 MB
-714 90 MP
14 3 R 6 9 R 6 -4 R 8 8 R 17 9 R
-4 -8 R -5 -4 R -7 -2 R 2 -11 R 7 -10 R 4 10 R 4 7 R
2 7 R 3 9 R 6 -5 R 3 -7 R 7 -7 R 7 -7 R -9 Y -8 -7 R
7 -13 R -8 X -8 -1 R -5 6 R -3 11 R -9 -5 R -7 4 R -6 7 R
-5 7 R -8 Y 7 -8 R -1 -6 R -9 -2 R 3 14 R -8 X -2 8 R
-3 5 R -10 -3 R -7 X i ST
-831 -885 MP
5 -1 R ST
-963 -946 MP
7 8 R 6 -3 R -10 -4 R B
ST
-1040 -985 MP
9 4 R 13 6 R 21 7 R 7 5 R 4 -7 R -16 -2 R -8 -3 R
-10 -4 R -8 -2 R -10 -4 R W ST
-882 -960 MP
9 -11 R 13 -3 R 12 2 R 9 -4 R
-8 1 R -10 -2 R -8 2 R -8 2 R -8 6 R -1 7 R ST
-816 -994 MP
9 -3 R
11 -1 R 9 3 R -7 -5 R -14 1 R -8 4 R ST
-738 -1012 MP
23 -9 R -8 -1 R
-7 5 R -8 4 R ST
-1032 -245 MP
9 1 R 3 -9 R -9 2 R -3 6 R ST
-953 1060 MP
8 -6 R
8 -6 R -4 7 R -7 6 R 10 -3 R 9 -5 R 9 -5 R 12 -6 R
-8 1 R -7 5 R -8 2 R 2 -7 R 9 -4 R 9 -3 R 9 -4 R
17 -3 R 13 4 R 11 2 R 8 -7 R -13 2 R -10 -2 R -10 -1 R
8 -5 R 13 -4 R -12 1 R -21 1 R -8 2 R -7 -2 R -7 4 R
-13 8 R -13 9 R -7 11 R 8 -7 R -7 9 R -1 6 R ST
-1041 1250 MP
9 X 16 3 R
7 7 R 13 -3 R 12 -9 R 9 X 9 1 R -8 -3 R -8 -7 R -8 -14 R
-7 -8 R -8 -2 R -12 -4 R -6 -8 R 10 Y -8 -3 R 12 7 R -7 6 R
-3 9 R -10 4 R -9 -4 R 8 6 R 8 3 R 1 8 R -8 1 R
W ST
-241 530 MP
10 1 R 9 1 R 24 -1 R 9 -2 R 17 -7 R 9 -3 R 12 -10 R
9 -13 R 3 -11 R -3 -10 R -8 -7 R -14 -4 R -10 -7 R -8 -4 R
-22 -1 R -11 1 R -10 -5 R -8 -2 R ST
828 1002 MP
7 8 R 11 4 R 8 -4 R
9 -2 R -2 -9 R -8 -7 R -4 -7 R -7 4 R -14 8 R 4 Y ST
601 716 MP
8 X
-2 -11 R -1 8 R -5 3 R ST
524 687 MP
13 -2 R 8 5 R -7 -6 R -17 3 R
E ST
338 520 MP
1 9 R 2 9 R 6 13 R -8 Y -3 -8 R -3 -16 R 1 -5 R ST
342 734 MP
8 2 R
13 -10 R -7 4 R -10 -2 R -2 6 R W ST
192 466 MP
9 5 R 19 8 R 13 3 R
9 4 R 9 1 R 9 -3 R -7 X -8 1 R -8 -3 R -4 -6 R -9 1 R
-9 -2 R -8 -3 R -8 -4 R -8 -5 R U ST
-436 1037 MP
9 X 15 -14 R 8 -7 R 2 8 R
4 7 R 11 -3 R 11 2 R 9 2 R 4 -8 R 7 -8 R 9 -5 R
10 -12 R -1 -9 R 6 -17 R -9 Y -3 -9 R -9 Y 2 -9 R 1 -9 R
6 -17 R 9 -17 R ST
-316 893 MP
5 -8 R 3 -9 R 1 -9 R -3 -9 R -8 1 R
-9 4 R -7 4 R -7 7 R -8 7 R -7 7 R -4 8 R -3 9 R
-5 13 R -4 9 R -3 9 R -5 15 R -1 6 R -1 13 R 6 8 R
-4 9 R -9 X -5 -7 R -1 -8 R 2 -8 R 5 -7 R -7 8 R -5 13 R
7 Y 6 2 R -8 7 R -5 9 R -6 9 R -11 17 R -10 7 R h ST
-237 770 MP
-11 11 R
-5 8 R -2 13 R 9 Y 1 9 R -2 24 R -5 -12 R -11 11 R -5 13 R
-4 9 R -3 13 R -2 10 R -1 9 R -7 4 R -9 -7 R 4 9 R
14 5 R 7 -5 R 13 -9 R 7 -6 R 8 -6 R 6 -7 R P ST
-269 725 MP
-9 -5 R
-9 -3 R -17 -6 R -25 -8 R -7 -8 R -1 -9 R 6 -11 R 10 -7 R
12 -7 R 8 -4 R -1 -10 R -7 -7 R -16 2 R -3 8 R -8 6 R
-12 4 R -7 6 R -9 -1 R -9 -1 R -14 -2 R -8 -5 R -9 -4 R
-5 6 R -13 -9 R -3 -9 R -3 -9 R -4 -13 R -5 -7 R -5 -9 R
-3 -15 R -10 Y -9 Y ST
-445 569 MP
12 -3 R 11 3 R 6 -5 R 11 -10 R 9 2 R
19 -2 R -8 -2 R 9 -4 R -8 -2 R -8 X -7 1 R 5 -7 R 9 -4 R
11 -13 R 10 -5 R 9 X 9 -1 R 16 -3 R 12 -6 R 9 3 R 9 2 R
12 -3 R 10 3 R 9 3 R 9 5 R 9 5 R 9 4 R ST
-233 446 MP
-11 -1 R
-9 -2 R -9 2 R -9 1 R -10 3 R -13 -2 R -14 2 R -7 5 R
-9 X -22 2 R -9 3 R -10 -2 R -8 Y 7 -6 R 9 -6 R 8 -6 R
-9 -2 R -9 3 R -9 3 R -6 7 R -11 3 R -9 4 R -19 8 R
-9 4 R -9 5 R -8 3 R 10 2 R -6 7 R -5 7 R -1 7 R
14 -6 R -7 7 R -5 8 R ST
-440 502 MP
-10 4 R -2 9 R -3 11 R -5 11 R
-6 7 R 1 12 R 5 12 R 6 8 R -8 6 R -1 7 R -2 9 R
-5 18 R -8 -7 R -6 -5 R -9 -4 R -8 -5 R 4 -6 R -8 Y 2 -9 R
-1 -10 R -13 -2 R -6 -4 R 2 -10 R 6 -14 R 1 -8 R 2 -13 R
1 -6 R ST
-504 505 MP
17 -19 R -8 Y 1 -9 R -1 -9 R 1 -9 R -5 -5 R -6 -7 R
-8 -7 R -5 -9 R -1 -9 R 3 -10 R 4 -9 R -8 -3 R -11 -9 R
-4 -7 R 8 -7 R 7 -9 R 7 -7 R 4 -13 R 2 -9 R 4 -8 R
8 -7 R 8 -17 R d ST
-478 297 MP
-3 -13 R 3 -9 R -17 3 R -7 -5 R 4 -8 R
5 -12 R 5 -9 R 4 -8 R 2 -9 R -5 -13 R -7 7 R -6 8 R
-7 7 R -7 7 R -8 6 R -12 9 R -7 7 R -7 8 R -6 7 R
-5 8 R -3 8 R -16 28 R -5 5 R ST
-583 330 MP
-6 8 R -9 6 R -20 4 R
-5 9 R 7 Y 10 -3 R -2 7 R -9 3 R -12 3 R -12 3 R 4 7 R
8 X 7 -6 R 8 -3 R -6 9 R -6 8 R -9 2 R -7 -6 R -11 5 R
3 9 R 2 11 R 4 9 R 2 10 R 1 9 R -1 11 R -3 9 R
2 9 R 4 7 R 5 2 R ST
-642 480 MP
9 5 R 9 3 R 9 6 R 8 5 R
8 7 R 3 9 R -1 14 R -5 17 R 5 8 R 9 -1 R 13 X 6 8 R
7 10 R 9 1 R 9 -3 R 9 -2 R 3 12 R 4 10 R 4 -8 R
6 3 R 8 -1 R 9 5 R -5 12 R 5 6 R 10 5 R 1 18 R
v ST
-491 632 MP
1 9 R 2 13 R -2 14 R -1 9 R -2 17 R 2 13 R -1 26 R
5 9 R 4 37 R 13 9 R 4 8 R 13 5 R -2 8 R 2 8 R
9 -3 R 7 3 R 10 12 R 8 7 R 4 7 R ST
-414 844 MP
-5 -14 R 4 -8 R
6 4 R 17 2 R -1 -12 R -2 -9 R -3 -8 R -4 -9 R 4 -7 R
-9 -5 R -7 -8 R -6 -9 R -8 -4 R -5 -5 R 1 -9 R 8 3 R
7 6 R 5 6 R 10 6 R 11 2 R 13 -4 R 8 -7 R 9 -1 R
15 -4 R 9 2 R 9 1 R 9 2 R 9 2 R 17 -4 R 7 -8 R
12 -8 R 5 -11 R ST
-595 -309 MP
5 13 R 13 4 R 11 5 R -7 3 R 2 7 R
9 1 R 9 X 7 19 R -2 17 R -1 10 R 7 -4 R -1 -8 R 2 -8 R
-8 Y -3 -8 R -5 -14 R -8 2 R -5 -5 R -4 -8 R -7 -4 R -10 X
-7 -8 R -1 -6 R ST
-209 698 MP
-7 5 R -1 19 R -7 10 R -7 -6 R -5 -7 R
-8 -5 R 8 -3 R 7 -5 R 8 X 6 -7 R 8 -3 R 6 X ST
-240 872 MP
19 -24 R
12 -17 R 10 -19 R 20 -23 R 8 -7 R 5 -9 R 3 -18 R 5 -9 R
3 -9 R -5 -8 R 4 -9 R 1 -9 R -4 8 R -3 8 R 1 -14 R
-4 -9 R -3 -8 R -1 -9 R -13 2 R -8 5 R -8 2 R l ST
-209 698 MP
13 5 R
2 11 R -2 15 R -8 5 R -15 20 R -11 10 R -7 6 R ST
-652 954 MP
12 -8 R
1 9 R 3 9 R 13 -4 R 9 2 R 2 9 R 2 -8 R -7 -6 R
-5 -7 R -7 -5 R -15 4 R -8 4 R ST
-754 373 MP
11 11 R 9 5 R 7 -5 R
8 2 R 9 3 R 9 -1 R 7 -4 R 5 -6 R -8 -5 R 8 -6 R
-4 -8 R -9 5 R 6 -8 R -3 -9 R -1 7 R -8 -3 R -8 -8 R
-2 8 R -6 1 R -15 2 R -9 3 R -3 7 R 3 9 R -6 X ST
-245 275 MP
8 4 R
-7 -4 R l ST
-258 268 MP
5 1 R ST
-270 269 MP
5 -2 R ST
-285 265 MP
6 X ST
-330 199 MP
1 9 R 8 7 R -6 -7 R -1 -8 R
p ST
-536 109 MP
5 7 R 4 -9 R -9 2 R ST
-533 94 MP
5 -3 R ST
-537 79 MP
ST
-527 76 MP
ST
-282 -145 MP
9 X 9 -5 R 10 7 R 8 5 R
14 14 R 8 8 R 5 9 R -8 Y -5 -7 R -8 -6 R -7 -6 R -7 -8 R
-8 -3 R -8 -7 R -8 3 R -7 4 R -5 -1 R ST
-480 -204 MP
13 6 R 18 -1 R
9 -1 R 12 4 R 9 4 R 12 2 R 10 -5 R 8 7 R 23 -3 R
6 -2 R 11 -3 R 7 -7 R 9 -4 R 8 4 R 5 2 R -4 -8 R
-18 -5 R -1 -9 R 1 -9 R -5 9 R 1 7 R -5 6 R 1 7 R
-4 5 R -9 5 R -9 2 R -8 X -5 -7 R 1 -8 R -3 11 R -7 1 R
-6 -6 R -7 5 R -7 3 R -8 -5 R -10 -5 R -10 -3 R -8 4 R
-8 1 R -8 -1 R -8 X -6 -8 R 4 Y ST
-591 -310 MP
5 -12 R 2 -12 R -4 -11 R
-6 7 R 7 7 R -4 10 R -3 8 R w ST
91 -769 MP
9 -3 R 7 -8 R 8 -7 R
12 -10 R 9 -1 R 3 -13 R 5 -9 R -1 -9 R -11 Y -7 3 R 6 7 R
-7 4 R -2 5 R 5 7 R -3 8 R -10 10 R -10 2 R -4 8 R
-6 7 R -8 4 R -6 6 R ST
144 -1004 MP
10 -1 R 9 -5 R 9 X 9 4 R -4 6 R
-1 11 R 8 7 R 9 4 R -8 -5 R -6 -7 R -4 -5 R 8 -6 R
-3 -9 R -6 -9 R -3 -9 R 4 -8 R -6 2 R -4 20 R -8 2 R
-8 3 R -5 5 R ST
210 -1035 MP
9 X -8 -1 R ST
287 -1034 MP
8 5 R 8 7 R -6 -7 R -7 -6 R
-5 1 R ST
-253 -1354 MP
8 -1 R -1 -9 R -7 9 R ST
-294 -749 MP
5 -1 R ST
-289 -832 MP
7 -1 R 6 -8 R
-7 4 R -6 5 R ST
-270 -872 MP
ST
-572 -1095 MP
5 -1 R ST
434 -628 MP
5 -1 R ST
451 -636 MP
10 -2 R -10 2 R ST
-37 -502 MP
ST
-193 -854 MP
9 -1 R
9 8 R 13 2 R 4 9 R 14 9 R 5 -1 R -8 -4 R 14 -1 R
8 -4 R 2 -8 R -9 -3 R -10 -3 R -7 -4 R -4 -5 R -12 -2 R
-10 -3 R -8 -1 R -7 4 R -4 7 R ST
-577 -559 MP
5 11 R -3 9 R -3 8 R
-1 8 R 2 10 R -4 11 R -3 15 R -7 7 R -5 8 R 14 3 R
11 3 R 10 -4 R -8 2 R -8 -2 R -8 -5 R 8 -7 R -1 -8 R
4 -6 R -1 -12 R -2 -8 R 2 -8 R -2 -8 R 5 -7 R 7 -8 R
-10 -4 R -2 -8 R ST
122 -358 MP
-1 -5 R ST
-403 -740 MP
6 X ST
-533 -738 MP
9 4 R 9 1 R -10 -4 R -8 -1 R
ST
1004 -41 MP
11 -1 R 11 -2 R 11 -4 R 19 -10 R 9 -5 R 9 -3 R 49 -12 R
12 -1 R 10 -1 R 13 -1 R 8 -5 R 5 4 R 5 1 R 174 -41 MB
1179 -661 MP
-8 -6 R
-10 -3 R -17 -12 R -8 -5 R -9 -3 R -10 -7 R -12 -10 R -11 -13 R
-8 -6 R -7 -7 R -10 -12 R 4 8 R 6 7 R -5 5 R -1 -9 R
-8 -7 R -2 -7 R -7 -8 R -13 1 R -9 2 R 7 -4 R -5 -8 R
-13 -5 R 6 6 R -1 8 R -7 -5 R -5 -9 R -4 -6 R -9 -8 R
-5 -9 R -8 -6 R -9 -5 R 4 -7 R -2 -8 R -4 5 R -6 9 R
-7 5 R 6 -8 R 5 -8 R -5 -7 R -3 -8 R -6 -5 R -9 -1 R
-13 2 R -7 7 R -8 5 R -4 7 R 8 3 R -11 -2 R -5 -4 R
-13 -5 R -8 -7 R -3 -10 R -1 -9 R C ST
885 -853 MP
-9 -3 R -10 -3 R -9 X -3 -12 R
-10 -13 R -9 -4 R -7 -4 R -9 -1 R -8 1 R -11 X -8 -5 R 2 -10 R
-7 -6 R -11 -15 R -19 -9 R -9 -5 R -9 -10 R -16 -9 R -9 -2 R
-10 -7 R -8 -4 R -22 -5 R -6 -5 R -18 -3 R -13 -6 R -9 -5 R
-9 1 R -11 2 R -7 -6 R -13 1 R -9 -5 R -11 -4 R -15 3 R
-8 1 R -13 3 R -5 -8 R -3 -10 R -4 -8 R -4 -6 R ST
516 -1034 MP
-13 X -6 -10 R
4 -8 R -3 -14 R -11 -11 R -11 -11 R -10 -11 R -3 -5 R 7 4 R
8 2 R 9 -4 R 8 -3 R 10 -3 R 8 -2 R 16 4 R 17 1 R
9 -1 R 9 1 R 25 -5 R 9 3 R 11 8 R 8 1 R 4 8 R
8 5 R 8 5 R 8 6 R 8 6 R 10 6 R 8 2 R 13 1 R
5 4 R 5 7 R 5 3 R 6 5 R 14 1 R 8 2 R 3 9 R
9 X 9 3 R 19 1 R 9 -1 R 12 6 R 7 8 R 8 7 R 9 X
9 3 R 10 5 R 6 9 R U ST
837 -985 MP
8 -5 R 11 5 R 17 3 R 3 7 R
-7 -4 R -13 -4 R 2 8 R 8 7 R 9 2 R 9 5 R 13 1 R
17 2 R 10 -2 R 21 3 R 9 3 R 7 8 R 9 1 R 13 2 R
13 5 R 8 5 R 11 3 R 9 -3 R 17 -3 R 15 3 R 7 8 R
3 9 R -4 5 R -6 5 R 9 5 R 13 8 R 4 7 R 9 1 R
10 7 R 9 -1 R 7 8 R 8 7 R 9 2 R 9 -4 R 8 -4 R
4 -7 R 4 -8 R 6 -7 R 3 -8 R -8 Y -8 -4 R -8 -1 R -17 -1 R
-8 -3 R -10 -3 R -8 -4 R -4 -8 R -7 -8 R -14 -8 R -8 -8 R
-7 -4 R -7 -6 R -7 -9 R -6 -7 R -8 -6 R -9 -7 R -8 -2 R
-2 -10 R -10 -2 R -8 -5 R -4 -8 R -10 2 R -8 X -9 2 R -10 5 R
-12 2 R -10 1 R -8 -1 R -8 -1 R -10 -3 R -7 -4 R g ST
907 -1020 MP
-9 -1 R
-6 -8 R -6 -8 R -6 -8 R -9 -6 R -7 -7 R -11 -11 R -9 4 R
-9 3 R 8 -6 R 1 -9 R -2 -9 R 1 -9 R -13 -8 R -7 -7 R
-5 -8 R -8 -5 R -3 -9 R -7 -8 R -9 X -8 -4 R -7 -8 R -9 -5 R
-9 -8 R -9 -4 R 2 8 R 3 8 R 4 7 R 2 8 R -3 10 R
9 7 R 4 10 R -7 -6 R -13 -2 R -5 8 R -9 6 R -9 -1 R
-8 6 R -13 -1 R -7 -5 R -9 -5 R -9 -4 R -8 -7 R -9 -3 R
-8 -5 R -13 -9 R -7 -8 R -2 -7 R ST
633 -1154 MP
-8 -5 R -7 -8 R -8 -6 R
-8 -6 R -17 -3 R -13 3 R -16 -5 R -5 -6 R -9 3 R -10 1 R
-11 -3 R -8 -6 R -8 -2 R -9 2 R -9 -4 R -9 -3 R -8 -6 R
-10 X -9 4 R -8 -2 R -9 -4 R -8 -4 R -16 -4 R -11 -4 R -9 X
-10 -2 R -9 -2 R -9 3 R -6 X ST
1060 1481 MP
3 14 R 4 7 R 1 -8 R -3 -9 R
-5 -4 R ST
1096 1506 MP
8 -5 R -10 4 R -2 0 MB
1071 1506 MP
-1 0 MB
1066 1506 MP
0 0 MB
1071 1488 MP
10 -3 R -8 3 R W ST
1013 1404 MP
8 5 R 8 6 R
8 7 R 10 4 R -1 -8 R 6 9 R 4 14 R 4 6 R -8 -6 R
-3 -8 R -5 -6 R -10 -4 R -13 -11 R -7 -6 R k ST
1003 1434 MP
2 -5 R ST
971 1447 MP
6 Y 5 -5 R
-5 -1 R ST
947 1366 MP
1 -5 R 20 18 R 9 6 R 1 9 R -7 -4 R -6 -7 R
-4 -7 R -7 -6 R -7 -4 R ST
1034 1385 MP
1 5 R ST
1024 1357 MP
4 11 R 7 12 R -2 -7 R
-3 -8 R -4 -8 R W ST
1002 1238 MP
8 X 9 2 R -8 3 R 2 7 R 11 4 R 13 1 R
5 -7 R -8 4 R 3 -10 R -7 -6 R -11 -9 R -7 4 R -9 7 R
ST
942 1192 MP
5 15 R 8 5 R 15 14 R 9 4 R 12 1 R 12 -12 R -3 -9 R
-4 -7 R -2 -8 R -6 -8 R -7 4 R 5 10 R -14 -7 R -8 3 R
-15 -3 R -7 -2 R ST
1013 1228 MP
3 -5 R ST
943 1239 MP
-3 9 R 6 -4 R -2 -6 R l ST
896 1280 MP
8 13 R
3 11 R 4 10 R 5 9 R 8 4 R 14 2 R 12 -3 R -4 -7 R
-7 8 R -10 -2 R -11 -3 R -4 -7 R -6 -7 R -1 -10 R -4 -10 R
-1 -8 R -6 X ST
816 1183 MP
-4 11 R 3 20 R 12 17 R 2 10 R 7 5 R 9 5 R
5 -7 R 13 -1 R 10 2 R 5 -4 R -5 -7 R -10 3 R -8 X -15 -2 R
-8 3 R -3 -8 R -4 -6 R -4 -6 R -6 -7 R -1 -21 R 2 -7 R
ST
844 1122 MP
4 9 R -4 12 R -10 4 R 2 9 R -3 12 R -3 12 R 1 8 R
7 -14 R 2 -8 R 4 -8 R 5 -10 R 6 -8 R -3 -8 R -7 -9 R
d ST
1178 866 MP
-3 9 R -10 12 R 1 7 R -7 8 R -3 13 R -1 9 R -4 9 R
-6 8 R -7 19 R -2 9 R 1 9 R -2 9 R -1 10 R 6 4 R
-5 9 R -9 14 R 8 -1 R 8 Y 8 Y -4 13 R -7 11 R 8 4 R
5 11 R 1 11 R -4 9 R 1 8 R 11 Y 6 5 R 2 9 R 7 6 R
8 11 R 6 8 R -1 19 R -3 9 R 4 14 R -3 8 R 3 9 R
4 11 R 2 9 R 2 10 R 7 9 R u 0 389 MB
1179 1263 MP
0 0 MB
1179 1281 MP
-1 5 R 0 6 MB
1179 1002 MP
-5 -15 R 2 -12 R
1 -9 R 1 -9 R 1 -13 R D 0 -60 MB
1137 1133 MP
3 11 R 4 6 R -2 -8 R -4 -8 R
g ST
1141 1171 MP
-1 9 R ST
1143 1212 MP
-2 9 R 7 1 R -8 Y -4 -14 R -1 12 R ST
1150 1226 MP
-2 13 R 7 8 R
-4 -13 R -1 -8 R ST
1153 1247 MP
6 7 R 7 4 R -3 -9 R -8 -1 R p ST
1168 1255 MP
5 21 R
5 -2 R 10 19 MB
1179 1273 MP
-6 -15 R -4 -3 R ST
987 -815 MP
3 12 R -2 -9 R H ST
1058 -885 MP
11 4 R -7 -4 R
-4 X ST
1038 -914 MP
9 4 R -7 -4 R W ST
997 -929 MP
12 8 R -4 -7 R -8 -1 R ST
921 -946 MP
11 -3 R -11 3 R
ST
682 -989 MP
-1 9 R 9 2 R 9 X 8 -4 R 6 -6 R -6 -8 R -6 -1 R -8 3 R
-8 2 R y ST
713 -1005 MP
ST
713 -1023 MP
4 4 R ST
641 -1055 MP
7 7 R 9 3 R 7 5 R 6 4 R 13 -3 R
-9 -6 R -12 -9 R -8 -2 R -10 1 R A ST
481 -1090 MP
-6 -7 R 4 7 R E ST
627 -1352 MP
-8 5 R
-9 -1 R 4 -6 R 10 2 R E ST
729 -1179 MP
6 Y -9 2 R -12 -3 R 8 -3 R 7 -4 R
6 2 R ST
968 -1019 MP
10 -3 R 9 -2 R 11 -4 R 9 2 R 13 3 R -7 -6 R
-10 X -5 -4 R -14 8 R -10 4 R -6 2 R ST
1025 -1021 MP
5 13 R 9 5 R -3 -7 R
-7 -6 R -4 -5 R ST
740 -291 MP
-9 -2 R 9 8 R -7 7 R 7 X 1 -8 R -1 -5 R
ST
958 -170 MP
-5 -7 R -11 -3 R -9 -2 R -8 -2 R 6 6 R 4 5 R 9 4 R
12 -1 R r ST
1044 -61 MP
17 -3 R 25 -7 R 9 -1 R 9 -3 R 13 -2 R 17 -3 R
9 -1 R 12 -1 R -8 -1 R -8 1 R -8 1 R -13 2 R -4 -8 R
-4 8 R -8 2 R -8 -1 R -11 3 R -6 -6 R -14 4 R -7 -7 R
-4 7 R -4 11 R -5 3 R u ST
-811 -1320 MP
7 8 R 10 12 R 10 12 R 9 23 R
-4 12 R -7 4 R -18 5 R -3 9 R -8 -3 R -8 -5 R W ST
-671 63 MP
9 Y 8 7 R
12 2 R 17 3 R ST
-617 148 MP
5 -9 R 2 -9 R -8 -12 R -4 -14 R 1 -9 R
-9 -11 R A ST
-617 148 MP
-1 9 R 2 16 R 3 9 R 6 3 R 5 6 R 6 8 R
-6 6 R 5 8 R 6 8 R 5 7 R 5 13 R ST
-592 260 MP
11 -17 R d ST
-592 260 MP
-1 9 R
ST
-587 291 MP
-5 -21 R l ST
-825 -1244 MP
2 9 R 3 9 R 3 9 R 2 9 R 3 9 R 5 17 R
2 9 R 3 9 R 2 9 R 3 9 R 2 9 R 5 17 R 2 9 R
3 9 R 2 9 R 2 9 R 4 14 R 2 9 R 2 9 R 4 14 R
2 9 R 2 9 R 3 11 R 2 9 R 2 9 R 3 11 R 2 9 R
2 9 R 2 8 R 2 9 R 2 9 R 1 8 R 2 9 R 4 17 R
2 9 R 2 8 R 2 9 R 1 9 R 3 11 R 1 9 R 3 11 R
1 9 R 3 11 R 1 9 R 2 8 R 1 9 R 2 11 R 2 11 R
2 9 R 1 8 R 2 9 R 1 8 R 2 9 R 1 8 R 2 9 R
1 8 R 2 9 R 1 9 R 1 8 R 2 8 R 1 11 R 2 9 R
1 9 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 2 9 R 1 11 R 1 8 R 2 9 R
1 11 R 1 8 R 1 9 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 9 R 1 8 R
1 9 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 9 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 9 R
1 8 R 1 9 R 1 10 R 1 9 R 1 11 R 1 9 R 1 11 R
1 11 R 1 13 R 1 11 R 1 12 R 1 13 R 1 12 R 1 14 R
1 13 R 1 15 R 1 16 R 1 16 R 1 17 R 1 20 R 1 21 R
1 23 R 1 27 R 1 33 R 1 48 R 125 Y ST
-643 63 MP
-27 X ST
-583 330 MP
-3 16 R -20 29 R
-3 9 R 3 9 R 4 9 R 4 9 R 4 9 R 4 8 R 4 9 R
4 9 R 6 13 R 5 11 R 8 17 R 7 15 R 5 11 R 8 17 R
5 11 R 7 15 R 7 10 R 9 3 R 5 2 R ST
-509 572 MP
10 16 R -6 12 R
8 4 R 11 4 R 10 7 R -1 10 R 1 13 R 8 3 R 9 -4 R
r ST
-458 637 MP
6 13 R 5 11 R 4 9 R 5 11 R 4 9 R 8 6 R 17 5 R
9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 13 4 R 9 3 R
9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 X 9 -2 R 10 -2 R 10 -2 R 8 -1 R
ST
-234 718 MP
9 -5 R 7 -8 R 8 -8 R 11 1 R 10 3 R 7 6 R 4 8 R
4 13 R -1 10 R -6 8 R -6 7 R -6 6 R -6 7 R -6 7 R
-6 7 R -6 7 R -6 7 R -4 9 R -3 9 R -4 9 R -3 10 R
-3 9 R -12 20 R -25 32 R -10 12 R -5 1 R ST
-316 893 MP
-13 -6 R -6 6 R
-11 17 R -2 10 R -2 10 R -1 9 R -6 25 R -2 10 R -2 10 R
-2 10 R -4 8 R -13 4 R -13 4 R -7 2 R ST
-401 1013 MP
-13 9 R -11 11 R
-9 5 R -20 12 R -11 6 R -10 12 R -7 8 R -1 8 R ST
-484 1085 MP
-1 9 R
-11 41 R -6 21 R -7 25 R -11 41 R -5 17 R ST
-525 1239 MP
-22 3 R -4 13 R
2 7 R -9 2 R -9 3 R -14 3 R -8 7 R -9 1 R -9 X -9 -2 R
l ST
-643 1280 MP
-10 -1 R -13 X -9 2 R -21 6 R -9 3 R -13 4 R -7 2 R ST
-719 1372 MP
13 4 R
9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 15 5 R
11 3 R 3 10 R -1 9 R ST
-599 1441 MP
5 8 R 8 7 R 7 8 R T ST
-587 291 MP
-2 9 R
3 9 R 3 8 R -1 9 R 1 3 R ST
-268 725 MP
33 -3 R N ST
-293 905 MP
-8 -7 R F ST
-618 1277 MP
-9 -2 R
-9 2 R -6 2 R ST
-725 1297 MP
5 10 R 7 6 R 2 5 R ST
-711 1319 MP
-8 10 R -5 8 R
-7 8 R 3 9 R 5 8 R 5 10 R ST
-623 1422 MP
13 4 R 12 4 R -1 7 R
4 Y ST
-316 893 MP
11 2 R ST
-1129 -1004 MP
9 6 R 7 -3 R 9 -1 R 11 4 R 7 11 R 11 6 R
1 7 R 5 8 R 13 3 R 9 5 R 11 3 R 29 5 R 9 Y 8 6 R
8 -4 R 11 14 R 3 5 R 10 3 R 9 5 R 9 1 R 3 6 R
2 9 R 12 4 R 9 2 R 9 2 R 8 5 R 9 4 R 8 5 R
7 8 R 9 3 R 9 1 R 7 7 R 13 3 R 1 9 R 9 4 R
9 2 R 9 1 R 14 1 R 9 -3 R 9 1 R 9 -3 R 9 -1 R
9 X 15 7 R 13 10 R 7 2 R ST
-926 59 MP
-8 7 R -17 16 R -14 13 R -8 7 R
-19 18 R -49 36 R -33 24 R -41 30 R -29 21 R -34 25 R -252 197 MB
-1161 -228 MP
-15 X -17 1 MB
-1134 -228 MP
-20 1 R
-7 -1 R ST
-1107 -228 MP
-20 1 R -7 -1 R ST
-1080 -228 MP
-20 1 R -6 -1 R ST
-1080 -228 MP
u 26 -1 R ST
-1026 -228 MP
-20 1 R
-6 -1 R ST
-1002 -227 MP
-20 1 R -4 -1 R ST
-973 -228 MP
-22 1 R -6 -1 R ST
-947 -227 MP
-20 1 R -6 -1 R
ST
-921 -228 MP
-22 1 R -4 X ST
-895 -228 MP
-22 1 R -4 X ST
-868 -228 MP
-22 1 R -4 X ST
-818 -229 MP
-22 1 R -17 1 R -10 -2 R
ST
-792 -229 MP
-22 1 R A ST
-766 -229 MP
-22 1 R -4 X ST
-740 -229 MP
-22 1 R -4 X ST
-714 -229 MP
-22 1 R -4 -1 R ST
-688 -229 MP
-21 1 R
-5 -1 R ST
-662 -229 MP
-24 1 R W ST
-649 -229 MP
-13 X ST
-1129 -1004 MP
-17 4 R -7 2 R -7 2 R -8 2 R -7 2 R
A -49 12 MB
-689 -633 MP
-9 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -9 2 R -10 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R
-8 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 2 R -10 1 R
-7 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 2 R
-10 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -9 2 R
-8 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 2 R
-10 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -8 2 R
-10 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -7 2 R -10 1 R
-8 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -8 2 R -10 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R
-7 1 R -8 2 R -10 1 R -8 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R z -489 72 MB
-671 63 MP
-69 -1 R
-66 -1 R -67 -1 R -53 X ST
-874 764 MP
10 1 R 21 5 R 10 1 R 21 5 R 10 1 R
21 4 R 21 4 R 21 5 R 10 1 R 17 4 R 9 1 R 17 4 R
9 1 R 17 4 R 9 1 R 17 4 R 9 1 R 11 2 R ST
-614 814 MP
9 -1 R
10 7 R 9 2 R 12 8 R 8 7 R 2 3 R ST
-534 921 MP
3 11 R 10 12 R
5 9 R -2 9 R 3 8 R 8 7 R 6 8 R 16 Y 14 Y 1 9 R
-6 7 R -6 8 R -5 7 R -3 9 R -6 8 R -2 9 R 4 17 R
18 5 R 7 1 R 9 -4 R 5 -6 R ST
-716 1309 MP
-16 19 R -17 4 R -9 -2 R
-9 -3 R -5 9 R -7 5 R -3 9 R 1 12 R 2 10 R -4 9 R
-5 8 R -8 5 R ST
-564 841 MP
11 9 R 11 9 R 7 19 R 1 42 R ST
-247 2 MP
-128 X ST
-247 -5 MP
-1 107 R
-1 41 R -1 30 R -1 27 R -1 22 R -1 21 R -1 19 R 9 Y ST
-224 -336 MP
1 19 R
1 15 R 1 16 R 1 17 R 1 18 R 1 18 R 1 22 R 1 23 R
1 27 R 1 32 R 26 Y ST
-433 -321 MP
1 18 R 1 16 R 1 16 R 1 16 R 1 18 R
1 21 R 1 21 R 1 25 R 1 28 R 1 35 R 1 53 R 51 Y ST
-437 207 MP
-27 -1 R
-14 X ST
-1178 1254 MP
7 11 R 9 1 R 9 4 R 9 -1 R 11 3 R 9 1 R -4 16 R
-8 X -8 -2 R -7 5 R 2 8 R 7 1 R 9 1 R 12 6 R 9 4 R
12 X 7 7 R ST
-1093 1320 MP
-11 -2 R 5 12 R 6 7 R -5 6 R 1 9 R -9 2 R
-6 6 R 3 17 R 3 9 R 7 5 R 6 7 R 7 5 R 1 7 R
-10 7 R -8 -7 R -16 -2 R -10 3 R -9 -3 R -9 -3 R -8 -7 R
-9 -3 R -8 -3 R -7 3 R -86 76 MB
-1178 1418 MP
7 6 R 6 -8 R 6 -7 R 9 -3 R
4 9 R K ST
-1126 1435 MP
4 -4 R ST
-894 760 MP
9 1 R 10 2 R ST
-810 1428 MP
5 -21 R K ST
-1144 1412 MP
4 14 R 9 6 R
4 3 R ST
-1122 1432 MP
-3 9 R -4 9 R -4 13 R -5 13 R -5 13 R -5 11 R
-2 5 R -28 73 MB
564 147 MP
-40 -1 R -39 -1 R -31 X ST
492 145 MP
-1 38 R -1 28 R -1 25 R -1 21 R
-1 22 R -1 19 R -1 17 R ST
630 295 MP
-1 23 R -1 17 R -1 16 R -1 15 R
-1 16 R -1 15 R -1 13 R u ST
323 558 MP
-1 13 R -1 10 R -1 9 R -1 9 R
-1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -2 9 R -1 13 R
-1 9 R -1 9 R w ST
611 541 MP
-1 14 R -1 10 R -1 10 R -1 9 R -1 10 R
-1 9 R -1 10 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R
-1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -2 9 R 4 Y ST
162 916 MP
-1 9 R -3 13 R -1 9 R
-3 17 R -4 17 R -1 9 R -4 17 R -1 9 R -5 21 R -2 9 R
-1 9 R -5 25 R -8 33 R -2 9 R -3 13 R -2 9 R -1 9 R
-2 8 R ST
-3 -189 MP
1 33 R 1 35 R 1 48 R 138 Y ST
207 -197 MP
1 33 R 1 34 R 1 47 R
-1 173 R 16 Y ST
210 106 MP
-54 -1 R -48 -1 R -48 -1 R ST
-221 874 MP
-1 10 R -4 21 R -4 17 R
-1 9 R -5 21 R -1 9 R -6 25 R -2 9 R -2 10 R -2 9 R
-2 10 R -2 9 R -2 9 R -2 9 R -2 9 R -2 9 R -2 9 R
-4 17 R v ST
-221 874 MP
-9 -1 R -9 -2 R ST
-55 863 MP
-9 -1 R -13 -2 R -17 -3 R -8 -2 R
-9 -1 R -17 -3 R -17 -3 R -8 -2 R -9 -1 R -13 -3 R -9 -1 R
-9 -2 R -9 -1 R -8 -2 R W ST
-55 863 MP
-1 10 R -3 13 R -1 9 R -4 17 R
-1 6 R ST
-65 918 MP
-1 9 R -4 17 R -1 10 R -5 21 R -1 9 R -5 25 R
-7 29 R -1 9 R -8 33 R -2 9 R -3 13 R -2 9 R U ST
-106 1114 MP
ST
-151 508 MP
-1 14 R
-1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R
-1 9 R -2 9 R -1 11 R ST
245 106 MP
-1 46 R -1 30 R -1 29 R -1 22 R
-1 23 R -1 19 R -1 19 R -1 17 R -1 17 R -1 16 R -1 14 R
ST
245 106 MP
-35 X ST
231 401 MP
-1 16 R -1 12 R -1 13 R -1 11 R -1 11 R -1 12 R v ST
232 393 MP
4 Y
ST
340 358 MP
-1 18 R -1 14 R -1 14 R -1 12 R -1 14 R -1 11 R -1 13 R
-1 11 R -1 11 R v ST
-212 0 MP
13 -5 R 8 1 R 9 4 R 4 X ST
-42 39 MP
-1 115 R -1 21 R
-1 19 R -1 16 R -1 16 R -1 10 R -1 11 R -1 7 R ST
131 363 MP
3 6 R
ST
205 414 MP
8 -2 R 5 2 R ST
281 386 MP
5 -9 R 13 -5 R 6 -3 R 6 -1 R 15 2 R
11 -11 R 9 2 R 6 -8 R 4 -5 R 6 -3 R 8 1 R 9 -1 R
7 -9 R 7 -5 R 6 X 6 -2 R 6 -5 R 7 -3 R 8 1 R 7 -4 R
5 -5 R 18 4 R 7 4 R 9 -1 R 6 -3 R 9 -3 R 5 8 R
8 -5 R 8 2 R 4 4 R 7 5 R 5 -4 R 5 6 R 3 5 R
ST
533 335 MP
5 -8 R 7 -3 R 12 -2 R 11 -5 R 5 -4 R 8 -5 R 5 -2 R
9 -3 R 9 -2 R 6 -5 R 9 1 R 10 -1 R ST
447 118 MP
-138 -1 R -13 -2 R
-13 -2 R -13 -3 R -10 -1 R -9 -2 R -5 X ST
331 480 MP
13 6 R 19 -1 R 48 -1 R
47 -1 R 51 -1 R 55 1 R 9 1 R 13 2 R 9 1 R 9 2 R
11 1 R 9 1 R 9 2 R 12 1 R 9 1 R 5 1 R ST
323 558 MP
1 -17 R
1 -13 R 1 -13 R 1 -12 R 1 -13 R 2 -10 R ST
234 359 MP
16 3 R 8 -5 R
12 -3 R -1 11 R -1 10 R -1 10 R u ST
224 479 MP
-12 -2 R -1 9 R 1 13 R
-1 10 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 13 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -2 13 R
-1 17 R -1 15 R -1 13 R -1 11 R -2 13 R -1 9 R -1 18 R
-1 9 R -1 10 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -2 10 R ST
189 724 MP
-1 11 R
-2 9 R -1 16 R -2 9 R -1 10 R -2 9 R -1 11 R -2 13 R
-4 13 R -1 11 R -1 23 R -1 10 R -2 9 R -1 12 R -2 13 R
-2 13 R ST
171 837 MP
9 -1 R 9 1 R 4 -10 R 9 -3 R 6 -9 R 3 -10 R
8 -6 R 2 -8 R 1 -9 R 5 -6 R 13 -5 R 3 -10 R 11 -11 R
6 -13 R 5 -13 R 7 -7 R 10 -1 R 5 -8 R 6 -6 R 9 1 R
4 X ST
308 688 MP
-1 17 R -1 9 R -3 13 R -1 12 R -2 13 R -2 13 R -1 8 R
ST
296 773 MP
-10 21 R -6 9 R -4 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R -2 9 R -1 14 R
-1 9 R -1 9 R -1 9 R 4 8 R 1 12 R 8 6 R 6 5 R
-1 9 R -3 13 R -1 11 R -2 13 R -2 13 R 4 8 R 6 8 R
6 8 R 4 8 R 12 17 R 12 17 R 8 12 R ST
325 773 MP
6 13 R 5 8 R
V ST
361 812 MP
7 8 R 10 15 R 4 3 R ST
583 913 MP
-2 -22 R 2 -8 R 9 -1 R 14 3 R
7 -5 R -4 -6 R -8 -7 R 1 -16 R 1 -14 R 1 -13 R 1 -14 R
1 -14 R 1 -13 R 1 -14 R 1 -13 R 1 -15 R 1 -14 R 1 -14 R
-5 -7 R -9 -4 R ST
611 541 MP
14 5 R 7 8 R 9 X 8 5 R 13 -8 R ST
550 690 MP
-9 -5 R
-9 X -9 2 R A ST
465 673 MP
-33 -9 R -21 -6 R -21 -6 R -13 -4 R -13 -4 R -13 -4 R
-13 -4 R -9 -3 R -13 -4 R ST
2 1171 MP
3 -9 R 4 -9 R 6 -9 R 2 -9 R
1 -7 R ST
22 1121 MP
-3 -16 R -6 -9 R -1 -9 R -4 -13 R -8 -5 R 5 -8 R
-5 -8 R -9 1 R -7 5 R -8 4 R -11 -4 R ST
-27 1062 MP
-9 3 R -1 -8 R
d ST
-28 1174 MP
3 -13 R 2 -9 R -1 -15 R -49 -13 R -17 -5 R -21 -2 R -6 7 R
1 8 R ST
-56 1017 MP
10 -2 R -1 -9 R -5 -8 R -4 -9 R 2 -5 R 11 -1 R
11 -3 R 9 -4 R 7 -8 R 8 -8 R 6 -7 R 12 -2 R 13 -5 R
-2 -9 R -6 -8 R 5 -5 R 12 -3 R 11 -4 R 9 -2 R 9 -4 R
21 -9 R 19 -4 R 4 -12 R 2 -9 R 6 -4 R 6 -8 R 4 -9 R
-4 -9 R 7 -8 R 3 -9 R -3 -9 R -7 -7 R -8 -3 R d ST
109 809 MP
-3 -13 R
-11 -11 R -13 -9 R -7 -8 R -9 X -12 -2 R ST
109 809 MP
8 -7 R 8 -7 R 8 -7 R
7 -10 R 8 -4 R 7 -8 R 9 -5 R 6 -7 R 6 -8 R 12 -22 R
ST
-65 918 MP
10 1 R 13 2 R 12 2 R ST
-171 684 MP
2 -9 R 1 -10 R 3 -13 R 1 -11 R
3 -13 R 1 -11 R j ST
-163 615 MP
13 1 R 9 1 R 9 1 R 13 2 R 9 1 R
9 1 R 9 1 R 9 1 R 9 2 R 14 1 R 9 1 R 9 1 R
9 1 R 9 1 R 9 1 R 9 1 R 9 2 R 13 1 R 7 1 R
ST
-144 472 MP
16 1 R 10 1 R 10 1 R 11 1 R 11 1 R 10 1 R 11 1 R
10 1 R 11 1 R 11 1 R 10 1 R 11 1 R 11 1 R 10 1 R
10 1 R E ST
-197 452 MP
1 -17 R 1 -11 R 1 -12 R 1 -12 R 1 -13 R 1 -13 R
1 -17 R 1 -16 R 1 -18 R 1 -18 R ST
564 147 MP
7 8 R 17 6 R 9 5 R
9 4 R 10 4 R 4 3 R ST
707 167 MP
9 -4 R 7 -1 R 4 2 R ST
430 -28 MP
1 7 R
2 9 R 7 Y 2 3 R ST
622 412 MP
12 -2 R 9 -2 R 9 2 R 7 7 R 9 4 R
9 3 R 2 5 R ST
378 -203 MP
4 9 R 8 7 R 1 9 R -2 10 R 5 8 R
9 3 R 3 11 R 4 9 R 1 9 R 4 11 R -3 7 R 5 17 R
5 7 R 9 4 R -3 9 R -1 9 R 8 12 R -6 10 R 9 1 R
1 7 R -8 5 R h ST
436 -2 MP
8 12 R -6 9 R -3 9 R -1 9 R -4 10 R
2 11 R 1 9 R -7 8 R 4 8 R 6 10 R 5 8 R 4 9 R
6 12 R 9 Y 2 14 R ST
621 178 MP
35 -2 R 9 -5 R 16 -2 R 13 3 R 12 -4 R
f ST
-213 -102 MP
7 8 R 8 15 R -4 8 R -2 28 R 5 8 R 3 9 R 3 9 R
8 7 R 6 8 R 4 9 R 9 -1 R 9 2 R 33 14 R 15 5 R
10 3 R 10 1 R 10 3 R 5 X ST
-74 33 MP
9 2 R 14 -2 R 8 5 R 9 4 R
11 2 R 5 8 R 13 5 R 10 12 R 2 9 R 5 8 R 5 -3 R
8 -5 R 11 X 13 9 R 8 7 R 4 8 R ST
-50 254 MP
8 6 R 7 8 R 1 3 R
ST
-219 276 MP
10 3 R 9 4 R 3 13 R 6 7 R 11 7 R 8 7 R 7 7 R
8 7 R 9 X 11 -4 R 9 -3 R 8 -4 R 3 -8 R 5 -7 R 2 -8 R
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10 -5 R 9 -3 R ST
-34 271 MP
9 -3 R 14 2 R 9 2 R 9 4 R 8 5 R
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-4 10 R 4 9 R 7 3 R 9 -1 R 9 -4 R 9 -3 R 13 X 8 7 R
5 8 R 4 8 R ST
21 488 MP
8 -2 R 9 -3 R 9 6 R 9 1 R 11 2 R
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134 369 MP
7 9 R
6 8 R 11 3 R 9 5 R 8 -4 R 9 5 R 9 6 R -1 8 R
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-119 851 MP
8 -4 R 13 4 R 10 -3 R 12 -1 R 14 -2 R 20 -5 R
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219 414 MP
5 -6 R
5 -6 R 5 -8 R 16 -5 R 9 2 R 12 -1 R 8 -2 R o ST
54 621 MP
-1 -11 R
9 -1 R 9 -4 R 7 -5 R 8 -5 R 5 -7 R 9 -1 R 8 -5 R
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3 2 R ST
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9 6 R 8 6 R
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383 839 MP
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13 8 R 9 2 R 6 9 R 8 7 R 9 4 R 11 3 R 3 12 R
U ST
550 690 MP
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20 12 R 13 3 R 8 2 R
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13 4 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R 9 3 R
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E ST
-315 1281 MP
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ST
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ST
-478 298 MP
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9 1 R 9 3 R 9 1 R 13 8 R 12 2 R 9 -2 R
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ST
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ST
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O ST
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-225 275 MP
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T
ST
-318 221 MP
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ST
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13 9 R 10 7 R 12 8 R 10 6 R 17 12 R 10 7 R 10 6 R
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13 9 R 9 6 R 9 6 R 9 6 R 9 6 R 13 9 R 9 6 R
13 9 R 10 7 R 12 8 R 10 6 R 17 12 R 10 7 R 12 8 R
10 6 R 17 12 R 8 5 R ST
173 -993 MP
8 -6 R -8 Y -8 -5 R -2 -11 R 2 -9 R
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178 -1035 MP
20 -1 R ST
206 -1035 MP
13 -1 R 7 1 R ST
226 -1035 MP
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264 -1041 MP
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ST
269 -1038 MP
13 3 R E ST
285 -1034 MP
9 4 R 9 7 R ST
303 -1023 MP
7 -8 R 4 -9 R 7 -7 R 9 -4 R
15 -3 R 10 -7 R 3 -8 R 21 -3 R 7 4 R 7 7 R 10 -5 R
4 -6 R -1 -6 R ST
-385 -1040 MP
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-14 5 R -10 7 R -7 8 R -13 7 R -7 7 R -9 6 R -8 5 R
-12 10 R -14 -2 R -8 -9 R -9 -3 R -9 -3 R -9 3 R -13 -2 R
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-669 -928 MP
19 9 R 9 2 R 9 -1 R 10 2 R 10 9 R 33 15 R
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16 -4 R 13 -3 R 8 1 R 6 8 R -4 9 R -7 8 R 8 7 R
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9 2 R 4 8 R -1 14 R 3 9 R -4 10 R 1 13 R 3 9 R
-4 13 R -4 12 R 13 5 R 4 4 R ST
410 -383 MP
15 -1 R 11 -1 R 11 -1 R
10 -1 R 11 -1 R 11 -1 R r ST
-79 -294 MP
21 -1 R 18 -1 R 17 -1 R 17 -1 R
18 -1 R 17 -1 R 17 -1 R 18 -1 R 17 -1 R 18 -1 R 17 -1 R
17 -1 R 17 -1 R 18 -1 R 17 -1 R 17 -1 R ST
-87 -400 MP
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-13 1 R -12 1 R -12 1 R -14 1 R -12 1 R -13 1 R -12 1 R
-13 1 R -12 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -12 1 R -13 1 R ST
-370 -376 MP
-17 1 R
-13 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -12 1 R -14 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R
-13 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R
-12 1 R -13 1 R -13 1 R -14 1 R -12 1 R -13 1 R -12 1 R
ST
532 -610 MP
9 2 R 7 4 R ST
-575 -998 MP
-4 X ST
-629 -1296 MP
-5 -10 R -5 -6 R -3 -11 R -5 -7 R -1 -7 R
ST
-561 -1100 MP
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-3 -7 R -5 -9 R -3 -9 R -16 Y 1 -9 R 1 -9 R -5 -9 R -4 -9 R
-9 -3 R -12 2 R -13 -1 R -10 -7 R -3 -5 R ST
-580 -997 MP
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-13 3 R -9 2 R -13 3 R -13 3 R -9 2 R -9 2 R -8 2 R
-7 1 R ST
-669 -928 MP
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-6 1 R ST
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-11 1 R -8 2 R -11 1 R -9 2 R -9 1 R -9 2 R -11 1 R
-9 2 R -9 1 R ST
-412 -727 MP
1 10 R 2 9 R 1 10 R 2 9 R 1 11 R
1 9 R 2 13 R 2 9 R 1 11 R 1 9 R 2 9 R 1 11 R
1 9 R 1 9 R 2 9 R 1 12 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R
1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R
1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 10 R 1 11 R 1 11 R
1 11 R 1 12 R 1 11 R ST
-260 -1068 MP
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-131 -772 MP
1 11 R
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2 9 R 4 Y ST
-116 -666 MP
1 12 R 1 9 R 2 13 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 2 9 R
1 12 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R
1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 10 R
1 10 R 1 11 R 1 10 R 1 12 R 1 11 R 1 12 R 1 11 R
1 13 R 1 12 R 1 14 R 1 14 R 1 14 R 1 15 R 1 16 R
6 Y ST
-358 -1434 MP
5 17 R 4 13 R 4 13 R 5 17 R 6 21 R 5 17 R 6 21 R
6 21 R 9 33 R 11 41 R 29 117 R 4 17 R 3 13 R 2 9 R
2 13 R 9 41 R 7 29 R 1 9 R 5 21 R 2 9 R 1 10 R
5 21 R 1 9 R 3 17 R 4 21 R 3 13 R 1 9 R 3 13 R
1 10 R 3 13 R 1 10 R 2 13 R 2 13 R 1 7 R ST
-93 -1274 MP
-13 3 R
-33 9 R -41 10 R -13 4 R -73 19 R -31 8 R ST
173 -993 MP
-9 1 R -17 4 R
-9 1 R -21 4 R -21 4 R -11 3 R -9 1 R -17 4 R -9 1 R
-17 4 R -9 1 R -17 4 R -9 1 R -21 4 R -13 3 R -9 2 R
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-17 4 R -9 1 R -13 3 R -9 2 R -9 1 R -17 4 R -9 1 R
-17 4 R -10 2 R A ST
562 -759 MP
-11 1 R -9 1 R -9 2 R -11 1 R -9 1 R
-8 1 R -9 2 R -11 1 R -9 1 R -9 2 R -11 1 R -9 1 R
-9 2 R -11 1 R -9 1 R -9 2 R -11 1 R -9 1 R -9 2 R
-12 1 R -9 1 R -13 2 R -8 1 R -8 1 R -9 2 R -10 1 R
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-9 2 R -11 1 R -9 1 R -9 2 R -11 1 R -8 1 R -9 1 R
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-11 1 R -8 1 R -9 1 R -9 2 R -10 1 R -9 1 R -9 1 R
-12 2 R -9 1 R -9 2 R ST
532 -610 MP
1 12 R 1 10 R 1 9 R 1 9 R
1 10 R 1 10 R 1 10 R 1 10 R 1 11 R 1 11 R 1 10 R
1 12 R 1 11 R 1 11 R 1 12 R 1 13 R 1 12 R 1 13 R
1 13 R 6 Y ST
552 -395 MP
-18 1 R -14 1 R -14 1 R -14 1 R -11 1 R ST
410 -383 MP
-17 1 R
-14 1 R -14 1 R -15 1 R -14 1 R -14 1 R -14 1 R -14 1 R
-14 1 R -14 1 R -14 1 R -15 1 R A ST
233 -370 MP
1 19 R 1 14 R 1 15 R
1 17 R 1 17 R 1 19 R 1 20 R 1 20 R 1 24 R 7 Y ST
378 -203 MP
-29 1 R
-26 1 R -26 1 R -26 1 R -28 1 R ST
233 -368 MP
-19 1 R -13 1 R A ST
-561 -1100 MP
7 29 R
5 21 R 7 29 R 2 9 R 2 9 R 4 Y ST
-437 -371 MP
1 16 R 1 12 R 1 14 R
7 Y ST
-228 -389 MP
1 16 R 1 13 R 1 13 R 1 11 R ST
-8 -298 MP
1 20 R 1 19 R 1 20 R
1 20 R 1 25 R 5 Y ST
117 -982 MP
1 9 R 4 17 R 1 9 R 3 13 R 1 9 R
3 17 R 3 13 R 1 9 R 2 13 R 3 17 R 2 13 R 3 13 R
1 10 R 2 13 R 2 13 R 2 13 R 2 13 R 2 9 R 1 11 R
1 9 R 2 13 R 2 13 R 1 9 R 2 13 R 1 9 R 2 9 R
1 11 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 2 9 R 1 13 R 1 9 R
1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R
1 9 R 1 9 R 1 10 R 1 10 R 1 9 R 1 11 R 1 11 R
1 11 R 1 11 R 1 11 R 1 13 R 1 11 R 1 13 R 1 13 R
1 13 R 1 14 R 1 14 R 1 15 R 1 16 R 1 17 R 1 17 R
1 19 R 1 20 R 1 22 R 1 24 R u ST
549 -603 MP
9 11 R 13 4 R 9 13 R
8 7 R 9 6 R 11 10 R 12 10 R 6 9 R 10 12 R 8 6 R
11 3 R 23 9 R 13 -1 R 9 3 R 9 4 R 9 5 R 5 9 R
8 7 R 11 14 R 7 11 R 10 16 R 5 9 R 3 9 R -5 6 R
-7 7 R -6 6 R -8 4 R -10 3 R -8 5 R -8 12 R -1 9 R
-8 6 R 7 19 R 1 9 R 3 17 R 4 11 R 7 5 R ST
728 -298 MP
6 5 R
6 9 R i ST
742 -281 MP
7 5 R 7 8 R 12 8 R 13 2 R 13 8 R 10 3 R
17 7 R 9 3 R 14 15 R 8 5 R 11 4 R 8 7 R 6 8 R
8 7 R 9 2 R 15 2 R 9 -1 R T ST
921 -189 MP
8 5 R 7 7 R 9 3 R
12 2 R ST
957 -172 MP
8 4 R 5 9 R 2 9 R 8 9 R 3 12 R 7 11 R
4 9 R 1 10 R 1 9 R 1 12 R 8 9 R 7 13 R -7 5 R
-2 9 R ST
390 -1223 MP
1 11 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 2 9 R
1 12 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R 1 9 R
1 9 R 2 9 R v ST
407 -1079 MP
13 -8 R ST
421 -1088 MP
6 10 R 7 12 R 6 10 R 7 12 R
5 9 R 6 9 R 7 12 R 6 11 R 5 8 R 5 9 R 6 9 R
7 13 R 5 8 R 6 11 R 9 14 R 10 18 R 5 9 R 5 8 R
6 10 R 2 5 R ST
544 -879 MP
1 10 R 1 8 R 2 12 R 1 8 R 2 12 R
1 8 R 2 12 R 1 8 R 2 12 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R
2 12 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 4 R
ST
568 -709 MP
-11 1 R -7 1 R -8 1 R -5 1 R ST
537 -705 MP
1 10 R 1 7 R 1 12 R
1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R 1 8 R
1 10 R 1 6 R ST
Wlw SLW -1020 -753 MT
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-839 -1255 MT
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22 -1392 PL
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22 -1392 MT
104 -1328 285 -1237 385 -1209 CL
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66 686 88 -89 22 -479 CL
-22 -1437 MT
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-22 -1437 MT
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-249 1209 MT
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-385 1300 MT
264 697 468 -671 22 -1437 CL
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89 614 -1 -686 -566 -1300 CL
-385 1300 MT
1063 774 1221 -594 -68 -1437 CL
22 -1437 MT
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22 -1437 MT
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22 -1437 MT
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204 1026 MT
44 879 -136 948 -158 1163 CL
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385 707 MT
390 150 186 -921 -22 -1437 CL
385 707 MT
115 746 -247 1043 -340 1300 CL
385 707 MT
324 778 233 938 204 1026 CL
385 707 MT
342 390 138 -202 -22 -479 CL
385 707 MT
281 639 54 547 -68 524 CL
385 707 MT
226 794 -45 1022 -158 1163 CL
-158 1163 MT
142 543 232 -734 22 -1392 CL
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1164 558 1210 -742 -68 -1437 CL
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333 652 605 -534 385 -1209 CL
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43 1156 202 951 158 753 CL
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-294 1300 MT
-192 1334 -124 1266 -158 1163 CL
-294 1300 MT
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-294 1300 MT
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-294 1300 MT
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-294 1300 MT
1108 1059 1244 169 -22 -479 CL
-294 1300 MT
-619 579 -460 -766 22 -1392 CL
-294 1300 MT
-511 593 -398 -775 -68 -1437 CL
-1179 -844 MT
-860 -934 -282 -1231 -22 -1437 CL
1179 -22 MT
823 190 223 738 -22 1072 CL
158 753 MT
81 814 -9 974 -22 1072 CL
158 753 MT
217 753 331 730 385 707 CL
158 753 MT
-64 799 -290 1073 -294 1300 CL
-340 844 MT
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-340 844 MT
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-430 411 -770 -387 -1020 -753 CL
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-294 890 PL
HF setfont gsave /HFn IF def
(alberta) 90 -1020 -753 HST
(amdahl) 90 -22 -1392 HST
(ames) 90 22 -1392 HST
(att) 90 748 935 HST
(bellcore) 90 -204 1163 HST
(cmcl2) 90 -204 1209 HST
(decvax) 90 -385 1300 HST
(decwrl) 90 22 -1437 HST
(gatech) 90 385 707 HST
(hplabs) 90 -22 -1437 HST
(husc6) 90 -294 1300 HST
(kddlab) 90 -1179 -844 HST
(linus) 90 -340 1300 HST
(mcnc) 90 204 1026 HST
(mcvax) 90 -566 1506 HST
(mit-eddie) 90 -340 1346 HST
(munnari) 90 1179 -22 HST
(nbires) 90 22 -479 HST
(ncar) 90 -22 -479 HST
(ohio-stat) 90 -68 707 HST
(philabs) 90 -249 1209 HST
(prlb2) 90 -657 1506 HST
(purdue) 90 -68 524 HST
(rutgers) 90 -158 1163 HST
(tektronix) 90 -566 -1300 HST
(ubc-cs) 90 -839 -1255 HST
(ucbvax) 90 -68 -1437 HST
(ucsd) 90 385 -1209 HST
(ukma) 90 158 753 HST
(utgpu) 90 -340 890 HST
(utzoo) 90 -294 890 HST
(uunet) 90 -22 1072 HST
(watmath) 90 -340 844 HST
grestore
showpage
grestoredavid@ms.uky.edu (David Herron -- One of the vertebrae) (06/02/88)
In article <7348@swan.ulowell.edu> page@swan.ulowell.edu (Bob Page) writes: >I can't decide what the rutgers-ukma link is. Two paths? Does the '+' >mean all the connected sites talk to each other? Although it looks like >rutgers is the center of the Usenet universe, some links are triads >(rutgers/gatech/mcnc, rutgers/cmcl2/husc6, rutgers/ukma/gatech). The "+" between ukma, rutgers, gatech and husc6 are all NNTP links that each of us has with the others. At least, ukma has links with the other three and rutgers and gatech are connected, I don't know husc6's links very well. "triad" is probably a bad word. We each have normal type nntp links with each other. >Since I assume this is all NNTP traffic, I wonder how much Internet >traffic would be cut by dropping some of those links, or making them >mostly unidirectional? That's an interesting thought. There have been a number of backbone sites created soley because of the NSFnet. I know that before we got on NSFnet we were STRUGGLING to find money to pay phone bills and even resorted to making a link with an IBM mainframe over BITNET to even have one full feed. The same has happened all over the country. A thought I had today was whether or not the rapidly increasing traffic loads have anything to do with all this new connectivity that the net is finding. A year ago it took quite a bit of effort on my part (and I'm pretty well motivated as far as Usenet goes) to have that one full feed. A less motivated version of me wouldn't have been able to keep it going and thus this site wouldn't have been able to generate much traffic. Now we've got really reliable news here and there's lots of traffic coming in which is prompting the local users to generate lots of traffic. food for thought ... >I also wonder about linus ... we're a hop away from husc6, and I don't >see much traffic through linus. Yeah, isn't the net a wonderful thing? We set up these links and then can't predict the way messages will propogate. >Are these maps generated by hand? Yes they are. -- <---- David Herron -- The E-Mail guy <david@ms.uky.edu> <---- s.k.a.: David le casse\*' {rutgers,uunet}!ukma!david, david@UKMA.BITNET <---- <---- Goodbye RAH.
karl@saqqara.cis.ohio-state.edu (Karl Kleinpaste) (06/02/88)
reid@decwrl.dec.com writes:
As a result it has some bugs (e.g.
... there is some confusion as
to just what is the name of the node "ohio-state").
The confusion is probably due to the fact that the backbone site
`ohio-state' is actually two machines. One is the 3B2/400 called
osu-cis, and the other is tut.cis.ohio-state.edu, a Pyramid 98x. A
total of about 30 full-feed netnews neighbors, split roughly evenly
between the two for UUCP on osu-cis and NNTP on Tut.
For the purpose of map generation, the long/lat info on osu-cis should
suffice. Our map entry doesn't show Tut explicitly, if I remember
right; he would just be part of ohio-state.edu, hidden (for UUCP
purposes) behind osu-cis as the university's gateway.
--Karlclewis@spectrix.UUCP (Chris Lewis) (06/03/88)
In article <7348@swan.ulowell.edu> page@swan.ulowell.edu (Bob Page) writes: >Isn't there a new backbone in Spain, fed by mcvax? Could be. Then again, maybe they simply didn't tell Gene. Maybe they didn't want to be advertised. After all, "backboneship" isn't really something that Gene "grants" - it's really just the way the major news flows are setup by the neighboring site admins. Gene's list is really only of those sites that want to advertise themselves as major traffic points. Mnetor was a backbone in everything but name for over a year before we bothered mentioning it to Gene. (Actually, it was a backbone for a couple of days before we knew it... ;-) >I don't understand some of the map. Like, why are ulysses, ubc-cs and >vucomp on there, all dead ends (and vucomp a restricted link at that)? >I submit that a 'backbone' link is to carry the news fast between >other backbone links, and I don't see these sites as doing that >(except for their leaf nodes ... hell, everybody does that). By the >same token, alberta would have to be looked at. Reread the posting: |A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news |article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is ----------- |the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia) ----------------------------------------------------- |or special news gateway (e.g., inet) and exchanges news with at least |one other backbone site. Alberta is a geographical region, so's British Columbia etc. Sounds perfectly legit to me. > >I can't decide what the rutgers-ukma link is. Two paths? Does the '+' >mean all the connected sites talk to each other? Good question. Gene? Looks to me like a simple cross-over without connection. -- Chris Lewis, Spectrix Microsystems Inc, Phone: (416)-474-1955 UUCP: {uunet!mnetor, utcsri!utzoo, lsuc, yunexus}!spectrix!clewis Moderator of the Ferret Mailing List (ferret-list,ferret-request@spectrix)
duncan@comp.vuw.ac.nz (Duncan McEwan) (06/03/88)
In article <7348@swan.ulowell.edu> page@swan.ulowell.edu (Bob Page) writes: > >I don't understand some of the map. Like, why are ulysses, ubc-cs and >vucomp on there, all dead ends > It really hurts to have our legitimacy questioned like this -- and by someone who didn't take the time to spell our name right either :-) From spaf's recent backbone map posting (<4245@medusa.cs.purdue.edu>) ... >A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news >article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is >the main newsfeed for a particular geographical area (e.g., Australia) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ > ... > vuwcomp Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand New Zealand - that's a geographical area somewhat distant from North America. Check us out in your atlas - we're just to the right of Australia. >I submit that a 'backbone' link is to carry the news fast between >other backbone links, and I don't see these sites as doing that >(except for their leaf nodes ... hell, everybody does that). Last time I looked there were no other backbone sites in NZ to feed. But we do feed news to 4 non-leaf and 5 leaf nodes. Sorry that's not many by your standards, but NZ is a small country, and there are only about 20 usenet sites here. > (and vucomp a restricted link at that)? Our X.25 cost's are substantially higher than the $.0025/Kb used by Brian Reid in his latest "Usenet Readership Report". Now if you are offering to establish a news feed to us (and pay for it) we will be quite happy to carry all the soc.* and talk.* drivel. -- Duncan Domain: duncan@comp.vuw.ac.nz Path: ...!uunet!vuwcomp!duncan
spaf@cs.purdue.EDU (Gene Spafford) (06/03/88)
In article <7348@swan.ulowell.edu> page@swan.ulowell.edu (Bob Page) writes: >Isn't there a new backbone in Spain, fed by mcvax? If so, no one has told me about it to update the map. >I don't understand some of the map. Like, why are ulysses, ubc-cs and >vucomp on there, all dead ends (and vucomp a restricted link at that)? Each is the gateway or main feed into an administrative or geographically isolated domain. ulysses is the feed into Bell Labs, ubc-cs is the feed in British Columbia, and vuwcomp (not vucomp) is the gateway into New Zealand. >I submit that a 'backbone' link is to carry the news fast between >other backbone links, and I don't see these sites as doing that >(except for their leaf nodes ... hell, everybody does that). By the >same token, alberta would have to be looked at. Alberta is also the main feed into (surprise, Alberta). Your definition of backbone is not the complete one. Read the text at the beginning of the article you are following-up to. >I can't decide what the rutgers-ukma link is. Two paths? Does the '+' >mean all the connected sites talk to each other? Although it looks like >rutgers is the center of the Usenet universe, some links are triads >(rutgers/gatech/mcnc, rutgers/cmcl2/husc6, rutgers/ukma/gatech). The two lines were result of a typo. There is one link (NNTP) between rutgers and ukma. The + means a multi-way connection (actually, all pairs meeting there are connected via NNTP links). Can you think of a better way to show the map? >Since I assume this is all NNTP traffic, I wonder how much Internet >traffic would be cut by dropping some of those links, or making them >mostly unidirectional? Yes, all are Internet NNTP links. However, many have been optimized to be short hops. Plus, the NNTP algorithm means that the full article text is not shipped over ever link. Once a site has it, the total overhead to check if it arrived is only the article ID plus a NACK packet -- not a lot of traffic, actually. >I also wonder about linus ... we're a hop away from husc6, and I don't >see much traffic through linus. That doesn't mean the link doesn't work, or that there isn't much flow. It just means the connections to husc6 get called more often and the news flows through there first. If husc6 were down, you would likely see a lot of news through linus as it took over the slack. >Are these maps generated by hand? Yup. -- Gene Spafford NSF/Purdue/U of Florida Software Engineering Research Center, Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette IN 47907-2004 Internet: spaf@cs.purdue.edu uucp: ...!{decwrl,gatech,ucbvax}!purdue!spaf
page@ulowell.UUCP (06/04/88)
spaf@cs.purdue.edu (Gene Spafford) wrote: >Can you think of a better way to show the map? Yes, in fact. However, I don't know if I could *do* it. It is to try and arrange the sites roughly geographically, then draw links. See below. Brian Reid's postscript maps are fantastic. Every month I grab the posted ASCII backbone map and hang it on my office wall. My idea of how traffic flowed came roughly from that. Then I saw the postscript map, with things arranged geographically, and my whole idea of the backbone links changed dramatically. Almost all the links are down the US Eastern seaboard or between the east and west US coasts. The drawing below is an approximation. Figure that all the sites in the clusters essentially talk to each other, and that I didn't draw in most of the intercontinental links (that are mostly between the bay area and [rutgers & husc6]). It looks something like (in North America... picture the US and Canada): +-- alberta--------------------------+ | | +-------------------------+ ubc-cs----------------------------------watmath utgpu decvax : utzoo linus mit-eddie uw-beaver------------------------------------------------------------------+ | tektronix----------------------------------------------------+ husc6--+ | +------------------------------------)--------' | | | | | philabs | | +---------)------------------------------------)-bellcore cmcl2 | | | | | rutgers--+ | | | | | | | | | +---------)--------------purdue +uunet | | | | | ucbvax | | | | | | | | hplabs amdahl | +------ncar | | | | | | decwrl ames---+-+ nbires-------------)------------------------+ | | | | | | ukma-----------+ | | | | | | +--mcnc------+ | | | | | | | | | +-----------gatech--------------+ | ucsd-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ I did this in 30 minutes, on line. If I used some graph paper and a pencil first, I'm sure I could get it to look a lot nicer, as well as adding the sites I left out. The point is ... more geographically-oriented maps show where links are either redundant or needed. There are about 8 intercontinental links between the bay area and the northeast corridor alone, just on the backbone (never mind all the cross-country links that aren't listed). Are they all necessary? Probably not, but since they're mostly NNTP links over the Internet, site admins don't worry about the traffic, since they aren't paying for it. ..Bob -- Bob Page, U of Lowell CS Dept. page@swan.ulowell.edu ulowell!page