dfk@romeo.cs.duke.edu (David F. Kotz) (01/11/89)
#! /bin/sh
# This is a shell archive, meaning:
# 1. Remove everything above the #! /bin/sh line.
# 2. Save the resulting text in a file.
# 3. Execute the file with /bin/sh (not csh) to create the files:
# gnutex
# This archive created: Tue Jan 10 11:16:46 1989
export PATH; PATH=/bin:$PATH
if test ! -d 'gnutex'
then
mkdir 'gnutex'
fi
cd 'gnutex'
if test ! -d 'doc'
then
mkdir 'doc'
fi
cd 'doc'
if test ! -d 'manual'
then
mkdir 'manual'
fi
cd 'manual'
if test -f 'eg1.tex'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg1.tex'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'eg1.tex'
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SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'eg2.tex'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg2.tex'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'eg2.tex'
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SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'eg4.tex'
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echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg4.tex'"
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X\\
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X\end{tabular}
X
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'eg2.gnu'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg2.gnu'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'eg2.gnu'
Xset terminal latex
Xset output "eg2.tex"
Xset size 5,4
Xset title "This is a plot of $y=sin(x)$"
Xset xlabel "This is the $x$ axis"
Xset ylabel "This is\\the\\$y$ axis" 1
Xplot [0:6.28] [0:1] sin(x)
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'eg3.dat'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg3.dat'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'eg3.dat'
X-20.000000 -9.125028
X-19.000000 -9.109280
X-18.000000 -9.091787
X-17.000000 -9.072243
X-16.000000 -9.050265
X-15.000000 -9.025369
X-14.000000 -8.996933
X-13.000000 -8.964147
X-12.000000 -8.925931
X-11.000000 -8.880819
X-10.000000 -8.826766
X-9.000000 -8.760835
X-8.000000 -8.678648
X-7.000000 -8.573396
X-6.000000 -8.433886
X-5.000000 -8.240405
X-4.000000 -7.954906
X-3.000000 -7.494275
X-2.000000 -6.642892
X-1.000000 -4.712389
X0.000000 0.000000
X1.000000 4.712389
X2.000000 6.642892
X3.000000 7.494275
X4.000000 7.954906
X5.000000 8.240405
X6.000000 8.433886
X7.000000 8.573396
X8.000000 8.678648
X9.000000 8.760835
X10.000000 8.826766
X11.000000 8.880819
X12.000000 8.925931
X13.000000 8.964147
X14.000000 8.996933
X15.000000 9.025369
X16.000000 9.050265
X17.000000 9.072243
X18.000000 9.091787
X19.000000 9.109280
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'eg3.gnu'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg3.gnu'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'eg3.gnu'
Xset terminal latex
Xset output "eg3.tex"
Xset title "This is another plot"
Xset xlabel "$x$ axis"
Xset ylabel "$y$ axis" 1
Xplot x with lines, "eg3.dat" with linespoints
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'eg4.gnu'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'eg4.gnu'"
else
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Xset terminal latex
Xset output "eg4.tex"
Xset size 3.5,3
Xset format x "$%5.1f\mu$"
Xset noclip
Xset title "This is a very long title\\because it has\\three lines"
Xset xlabel "This is the $x$ axis\\with more than two\\lines in the label"
Xset ylabel "This is a longer\\version of\\the $y$ axis"
Xset style new1 "$\otimes$" 3 "\circle*{100}" "\circle*{200}" "\circle*{300}"
Xplot [-10:10] [-10:10] "eg3.dat" with new1, 3*exp(-x*x)+1 with lines
Xlabel -5,-5 "Data" rb 1.7
Xkey -7,5 "Data file" with new1, "$3e^{-x^{2}}+1$" with lines
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'header.tex'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'header.tex'"
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X%
X% Header file for gnutex.tex
X%
X
X% Spacing
X\newcommand{\singlespace}
X {\addtolength{\baselineskip}{-.333\baselineskip}}
X\newcommand{\doublespace}
X {\addtolength{\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}}
X
X% Spacing for the whole document
X\newcommand{\currentspace}{\singlespace}
X
X% Common abbreviations
X% (Remember to put '\ ' after if an interword space is
X% desired rather than end-of-sentence space. Same for '.etc)' ).
X\newcommand{\eg}{{\em e.g.}} % e.g.
X\newcommand{\ie}{{\em i.e.}} % i.e.
X\newcommand{\etc}{{\em etc.}} % etc.
X\newcommand{\vs}{{\em vs.}} % vs.
X\newcommand{\usec}{{$\mu$}sec} % microseconds
X
X% \boxfigure{pos}{wid}{text}: A figure with a box around it
X%
X% pos the usual figure placement arg: eg. htbp
X% wid the width of the figure, in some units: eg. 5in
X% text the contents of the figure, including picture/caption/label/etc
X%
X\newlength{\boxwidth}
X\newcommand{\boxfigure}[3]{
X \begin{figure}[#1]
X \setlength{\boxwidth}{#2}
X \addtolength{\boxwidth}{.1in}
X
X \centering
X \framebox[\boxwidth]{
X \begin{minipage}{#2}
X #3
X \end{minipage}
X }
X \end{figure}
X}
X
X% use \fullboxwidth for arg 2 of boxfigure to get box of size \textwidth
X
X% To show a syntax for a gnutex command
X\newenvironment{syntax}{\begin{quote}\tt}{\end{quote}}
X
X\documentstyle[titlepage,11pt]{article}
X
X% Margins
X\sloppy
X\setlength{\textwidth}{6.5in}
X\setlength{\textheight}{9in}
X\setlength{\topmargin}{-0.5in}
X\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0pt}
X\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0pt}
X
X% see above
X\newlength{\fullboxwidth}
X\setlength{\fullboxwidth}{\textwidth}
X\addtolength{\fullboxwidth}{-0.1in}
X
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'pic.tex'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'pic.tex'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'pic.tex'
X\documentstyle{article}
X\begin{document}
X \begin{center}
X \typein[\file]{Please enter name of the file: }
X \input{\file}
X \end{center}
X\end{document}
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'gnutex.tex'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'gnutex.tex'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'gnutex.tex'
X%
X% Manual for gnutex plotting program
X% David Kotz (dfk@cs.duke.edu)
X% Duke University Computer Science Department
X% November 1988
X% Version DRAFT
X
X% some header info
X\input{header}
X
X\begin{document}
X
X\title{The Gnu\TeX\ Plotting
XProgram\thanks{This document describes Gnu\TeX\ version 1.3, based on
Xgnuplot version 1.0.3. All plots in this document were made with that
Xversion of Gnu\TeX.} }
X\author{David Kotz \\ \verb+dfk@cs.duke.edu+}
X\date{\today} % CHANGE THIS to a constant
X
X\maketitle
X
X\pagestyle{headings}
X
X\tableofcontents
X\newpage
X
X\pagestyle{myheadings}
X\markright{Gnu\TeX\ Manual DRAFT version 0.5}
X
X\currentspace % defined in header.tex
X
X\section{Introduction and History}
X
XGnu\TeX\ is an extended version of the program {\tt gnuplot},
Xdeveloped by Colin Kelley and Thomas Williams in 1986 to plot
Xfunctions and data files on a variety of terminals. (It is {\sc not} a
XGNU version of \TeX!). My modifications have mostly to do with a new
X``terminal type'' called {\tt latex}, so gnuplot will output \LaTeX\
Xcode. The plot may then be included in a \LaTeX\ document. I added a
Xnumber of embellishments, supported only by the {\tt latex} terminal,
Xallowing the user to produce publication-quality plots.
X
XThis manual is organized as follows: first, I briefly describe the
Xintent and capabilities of Gnu\TeX. Second, a tutorial introduction
Xto Gnu\TeX\ presents a few examples of its use, and is enough to get
Xstarted with your first plots. Following that is a more detailed
Xdescription of all of the commands in Gnu\TeX.
X
X\section{Capabilities}
X
XGnu\TeX\ has the plotting capabilities of {\tt gnuplot}, and thus may
Xplot a variety of functions and expressions as well as data files.
XUsers may define their own functions and variables, and plot functions
Xor data over a specified range, with optional log scales. Several
Xcurves may be plotted on the same plot. Each curve may have a
Xdifferent style, helping to differentiate between them. Auto-scaling
Xof the $y$ axis is possible, and all tic marks on the axes are
Xautomatically determined. In {\tt gnuplot}, only crude labels are
Xsupported.
X
XGnu\TeX\ supports the following terminals: Aed767, HP7580 (and
Xprobably other HPs), QMS/QUIC laserprinter (Talaris 1200 and others),
XReGis graphics (VT220, VT240, Gigis, \etc), Tektronix 4010 (and
Xprobably others), Tektronix 4010 (top/bottom half of screen),
XPC (for CGA and EGA), unixplot, and \LaTeX\ output.
X
XThe extensions I made provide the \LaTeX\ output, as well as axes and
Xtitle labels, tic mark labels, user-defined linestyles, two new
Xpredefined linestyles, arbitrary labels on the plot, an optional key,
Xand comments and line continuation in the input file.
X
XGnuplot and Gnu\TeX\ should run on many flavors of Unix, on VMS,
Xand, apparently, under MS-DOS. This document will follow the Unix
Ximplementation, where it matters (\eg, how to run {\tt gnutex}).
X
XThe reader should note that the \LaTeX\ picture environments output by
XGnu\TeX\ can be quite large and complicated, and can easily exceed the
Xmemory capacity of \TeX. If an enlarged version of \TeX\ is available,
Xit is wise to use it. Otherwise, keep your plots simple and add
X\verb+\clearpage+ to your document where necessary.
X
X\section{Tutorial}
X
X\subsection{Using Gnu\TeX\ Interactively}
XGnu\TeX\ is by nature an interactive program. Users intending to make
Xplots for \LaTeX\ will generally not use Gnu\TeX\ interactively. Those
Xusers may skip to the next section (Section~\ref{secnonint}). Thus,
Xto get started, simply run {\tt gnutex}, and it will respond with a
Xprompt. If you wish to see your plots, you need to run it on a
Xterminal supported by Gnu\TeX\ (or an emulator, such as {\tt tektool}
Xon a Sun workstation). To set your terminal type, enter
X\begin{quote}
X\tt
X set terminal {\em type}
X\end{quote}
Xwhere {\em type} is precisely one of the following: {\tt cga}, {\tt
Xega}, {\tt corona}, {\tt aed767}, {\tt hp75xx}, {\tt qms}, {\tt
Xregis}, {\tt tek40xx}, {\tt toptek}, {\tt bottek}, {\tt unixplot}, or
X{\tt latex}. If it doesn't accept your input, then probably Gnu\TeX\
Xwas not compiled to support that terminal. Ask your Gnu\TeX\
Xmaintainer to recompile with support for that terminal.
X
XOnce the terminal type is set, you may plot functions and data
Xinteractively to the screen, using the commands below. Note that the
X{\tt latex} terminal type is not intended for interactive use; see the
Xnext section.
X
X\subsection{Using Gnu\TeX\ for Hard Copy}
X\label{secnonint}
X
XWhenever hard copy is desired from Gnu\TeX, the program need not be
Xrun on a graphics terminal. In this case the output is directed to a
Xfile or pipe, then sent to the appropriate output device. For example,
Xoutput from the terminal type {\tt unixplot} may be sent to a program
Xinterpreting the Unix plotting standard. The terminal types {\tt qms}
Xand {\tt tek40xx} may be used for output to printers understanding
Xthose languages (Imagen printers have a Tektronix emulation mode.) A
Xshell script ({\tt lasergnu}) is supplied with the distribution that
Xwill accept a Gnu\TeX\ command or input file and send the output to an
XImagen laser printer. The person who installs Gnu\TeX\ may have
Xadapted this script to your site.
X
XThus, we may now ignore the interactive nature of gnutex, and provide
Xthe input to Gnu\TeX\ from a file, \ie,
X\begin{verbatim}
X gnutex < gnu.input
X\end{verbatim}
XIn this example, all of the commands to Gnu\TeX\ are contained in the
Xfile {\tt gnu.input}. The output (one or more plots) may be piped to
Xanother program or redirected to a file. Usually, however, we direct
Xthe output explicitly with an instruction to Gnu\TeX\ (see the {\tt
Xset output} command). When redirecting the standard input, Gnu\TeX\
Xcontinues to print its prompts and error messages to the terminal.
X
X\subsection{Using Gnu\TeX\ for \LaTeX}
X
XAlthough hardcopy can be obtained in many ways, as described above, I
Xwill describe the use of Gnu\TeX\ to produce \LaTeX-compatible output
Xas this is likely to be what users want to know first. Be aware that
Xmany of the features described below are available in this mode only.
XThis is due to the capabilities of \LaTeX\ and my own personal
Xinterest in adding capabilities easily supported by
X\LaTeX.
X
X\paragraph{Example 1:} Here is a first example, producing a plot for
Xthis document. The Gnu\TeX\ input file is given below, and the output
Xappears as Figure~\ref{eg1}. The input file defines the output to be
Xin \LaTeX, gives a file name for the output, and plots $y=sin(x)$ for
X$x$ on $[-\pi,\pi]$. To produce the figure, I simply
X\verb+\input{eg1}+ in a {\tt center} environment in a {\tt figure}
Xenvironment. In following examples, I will enclose the figure in a box
Xto make it look a little better.
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X set terminal latex
X set output "eg1.tex"
X plot [-3.14:3.14] sin(x)
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\begin{figure}[htbp]
X \begin{center}
X \input{eg1}
X \end{center}
X \caption{A first example: $y=sin(x)$}
X \label{eg1}
X\end{figure}
X
XNote that Gnu\TeX\ has drawn in the axes, labeled the tic marks for
Xus, and scaled the $y$ axis automatically. The labeling is only done
Xfor the {\tt latex} output mode, not for any of the other supported
Xterminals.
X
XYou may note, however, that the curve is drawn with many dots, instead
Xof lines. This is due to the inadequate picture-drawing capabilities
Xof \LaTeX.\footnote{EEPIC users: look for improvements to be released
Xin the future.} The way the curve is drawn may be changed by the user
X(Section~\ref{set-style}).
X
X\paragraph{Example 2:} Now we will embellish the plot a little with
Xsome labels. This input file produces Figure~\ref{eg2}.
X
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X set terminal latex
X set output "eg1.tex"
X set size 5,4
X set title "This is a plot of $y=sin(x)$"
X set xlabel "This is the $x$ axis"
X set ylabel "This is\\the\\$y$ axis" 1
X plot [0:6.28] [0:1] sin(x)
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\boxfigure{htbp}{\fullboxwidth}{
X \begin{center}
X \input{eg2}
X \end{center}
X \caption{A more fancy example.}
X \label{eg2}
X}
X
XHere we have defined the range of both $x$ (now $[0,2\pi]$) and $y$
X(here $[0,1]$). We have also specified the plot to be 5 inches wide
Xand 4 inches tall with the {\tt set size} command. This is the size of
Xthe box that Gnu\TeX\ draws. In the first example, this size was the
Xdefault 4 inches by 3 inches. A title for the plot and labels for the
Xaxes were set up in the next three commands. Note that they are
Xprocessed by \LaTeX\ and so may have math mode and other symbols in
Xthem. All three may have multiple lines, delineated with \verb+\\+.
XOnce these are set up, they will be used for all subsequent plot
Xcommands until they are changed.
X
XThere is an optional extra argument in the {\tt set ylabel} command,
Xand here its value is {\tt 1}. This value, an integer, specifies an
Xamount to move the $y$ label to the left. Depending on the nature of
Xthe values on the $y$-axis, the $y$ label may tend to run into the tic
Xmark labels. This extra parameter allows you to adjust the position of
Xthe label.
X
XSo far we have plotted one curve, $y=\sin(x)$, on one plot. In
XGnu\TeX, each {\tt plot} command generates a new plot. If the output
Xis to a screen, the screen is cleared. If to a printer, a new page is
Xproduced. In the {\tt latex} case, a new picture is started. It is not
Xlikely that \LaTeX\ users will want this to happen, so generally each
Xplot has its own input file and is kept in a separate output ({\tt
X.tex}) file for inclusion at different places in the document.
X
X\paragraph{Example 3:} To place more than one curve on a plot, use one
X{\tt plot} statement and separate the description of each curve by a
Xcomma. In our next example, we will plot both a function and a data
Xfile on the same plot. This plot is shown in Figure~\ref{eg3}.
X
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X set terminal latex
X set output "eg3.tex"
X set title "This is another plot"
X set xlabel "$x$ axis"
X set ylabel "$y$ axis" 1
X plot x with lines, "eg3.dat" with linespoints
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\boxfigure{htbp}{\fullboxwidth}{
X \begin{center}
X \input{eg3}
X \end{center}
X \caption{An example with two curves on the same plot.}
X \label{eg3}
X}
X
XHere you will see that the $x$ range was not specified. The default
X$x$ range is $[-10,10]$, which was sufficient for this example. The
Xfunction $y=x$ was plotted with a {\em linestyle} called {\tt lines},
Xwhich is the default, and was explicitly specified here only to
Xexhibit the syntax. The data file {\tt eg3.dat} was plotted with style
X{\tt linespoints}, a style like {\tt lines} that also plots a symbol
Xat each data point. There is a style called {\tt points} that only
Xplots the symbols are data points, and another called {\tt dots} that
Xplots a tiny dot for each data point (though this is not really
Xintended for use with \LaTeX). The {\tt points} and {\tt linespoints}
Xstyles produce a different symbol for each curve on the plot (for up
Xto six symbols, after which they are re-used). Finally, the style
X{\tt impulses} draws a perpendicular from each point to the $x$-axis.
X
X\paragraph{Going further:} You should now be able to make a variety of
Xplots for your \LaTeX\ document. We will present a final example
Xwithout explanation that showcases some of the capabilities of
XGnu\TeX. You may find documentation for the various commands in the
Xnext section, though hopefully this example is somewhat
Xself-explanatory.
X
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X set terminal latex
X set output "eg4.tex"
X set size 3.5,3
X set format x "$%5.1f\mu$"
X set noclip
X set title "This is a very long title\\because it has\\three lines"
X set xlabel "This is the $x$ axis\\with more than two\\lines in the label"
X set ylabel "This is a longer\\version of\\the $y$ axis"
X set style new1 "$\otimes$" 3 "\circle*{100}" "\circle*{200}" "\circle*{300}"
X plot [-10:10] [-10:10] "eg3.dat" with new1, 3*exp(-x*x)+1 with lines
X label -5,-5 "Data" rb 1.7
X key -7,5 "Data file" with new1, "$3e^{-x^{2}}+1$" with lines
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\boxfigure{htbp}{\fullboxwidth}{
X \begin{center}
X \input{eg4}
X \end{center}
X \caption{An example of many features.}
X \label{eg4}
X}
X
X\subsection{Summary --- Use with \LaTeX}
XIn summary, to use the \LaTeX\ facilities of Gnu\TeX, the first
Xcommand to Gnu\TeX\ should be
X\begin{syntax}
X set terminal latex
X\end{syntax}
Xand the output of latex should be directed to a file, for example,
X\begin{verbatim}
X set output "plot.tex"
X\end{verbatim}
XThis may be anything you like but it should have a {\tt .tex} extension,
Xof course. Then the size of the plot should be given. For example, the
Xcommand
X\begin{verbatim}
X set size 5, 4
X\end{verbatim}
Xtells Gnu\TeX\ to use a 5 inch wide by 4 inch high box for the plot.
XThe default is 4 inches by 3 inches. This is the size of the actual
Xplotting area; labels (see Section~\ref{label}) will extend outside of
Xthis size.
X
XWhen finished, the file will contain all of the plots you have
Xspecified (you probably only want one plot per file). This file can
Xthen be used in a \LaTeX\ document, \eg,
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X \begin {figure}
X \begin{center}
X \input{plot}
X \end{center}
X \end {figure}
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
XThis puts the plot into a figure.
X
XYou will also want to read about the following commands, specifically
Xdesigned for the {\tt latex} output device: {\tt set title, set
Xxlabel, set ylabel, key, label, set style}, and {\tt set noclip}.
XThese are all described in the next section.
X
X%%%%%%% Details section %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X\section{Details of Gnu\TeX\ Commands}
X\label{details}
X
XGnu\TeX\ is case sensitive (commands and function names written in
Xlowercase are not the same as those written in CAPS). All command
Xnames may be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not
Xambiguous. Note that identifiers, such as variable names, function
Xnames, and style names (including predefined styles) may not be
Xabbreviated.
X
XLong commands may be split over several input lines by including a
Xbackslash (\verb+\+) as the last character. The total command length
Xis limited to 511 characters. The backslash and newline will be
Xignored; no white space is implied. The backslash must be the {\em
Xlast} character on the line.
X
X{\bf Comments} are allowed as follows: a sharp sign (\verb+#+) may
Xappear in most places in a line causing Gnu\TeX\ to ignore the rest of
Xthe line. They will not have this affect inside quotes, inside
Xnumbers (including complex numbers), inside command substitutions, and
Xso on. In short, they work anywhere it makes sense to work. Note that
Xthe comment continues to the end of the command, including other input
Xlines that are continuations (mentioned above). Thus ``commenting
Xout'' a line that is continued will comment out all lines of that
Xcommand.
X
X\paragraph{Start-up:} When Gnu\TeX\ is run, it looks for an
Xinitialization file to execute. This file is called {\tt .gnutex} on
XUnix systems, and {\tt GNUTEX.INI} on other systems. If this file is
Xnot found in the current directory, the program will look for it in
Xyour home directory (under MS-DOS, the environment variable {\tt
XGNUTEX} should contain the name of this directory). If this file is
Xfound, Gnu\TeX\ executes the commands in this file. This is most
Xuseful for setting your terminal type and defining any functions or
Xvariables which you use often. The variable {\tt pi} is already
Xdefined for you.
X
XEach of the commands in Gnu\TeX\ is described below in alphabetical
Xorder, along with other topics (\eg, ``expressions''). When a command
Xhas many variations, such as the {\tt set} command, the variations are
Xdescribed in alphabetical order.
X
X\subsection {The {\tt clear} command}
X\label{clear}
X
XThis command erases the current screen or output device as specified
Xby {\tt set output}. This usually generates a formfeed on hardcopy
Xdevices. Use {\tt set terminal} to set the device type.
X
X\subsection{Command-line substitution}
XCommand-line substitution is specified by a system command enclosed in
Xbackquotes (\verb+``+). This command is spawned and the output it
Xproduces replaces the name of the command (and backquotes) on the
Xcommand line. Newlines in the output produced by the spawned command
Xare replaced with blanks. This feature can be used anywhere on the
XGnu\TeX\ command line.
X
XSome examples:
X\begin{verbatim}
X a(x) = `leastsq` # substitutes "`leastsq`" with output produced
X by a program named leastsq.
X a(x) = `run leastsq.exe` # same but for VMS.
X\end{verbatim}
X
X\subsection {The {\tt exit} command}
X\label{exit}
X
X{\tt exit}, {\tt quit} and your computer's {\em end-of-file\/} character
Xwill exit Gnu\TeX. All these commands will clear the output device
X(as the {\tt clear} command does) before exiting.
X
X\subsection {Expressions}
X
XIn general, any mathematical expression accepted by C, FORTRAN,
XPascal, or BASIC is valid. The precedence of these operators is
Xdetermined by the specifications of the C programming language. White
Xspace (spaces and tabs) is ignored inside expressions.
X
XComplex constants may be expressed as \verb+{real,imag}+, where {\tt
Xreal} and {\tt imag} must be numerical constants. For example
X\verb+{3,2}+ represents $3 + 2i$; \verb+{0,1}+ represents $i$ itself.
X
X\subsubsection{Functions}
X
XThe functions in Gnu\TeX\ are the same as the corresponding functions
Xin the UNIX math library, except that all functions accept integer,
Xreal, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted. The BASIC sgn()
Xfunction is also supported.
X
X\begin{tabular}{|lll|} \hline
XFunction & Arguments & Returns \\ \hline
Xabs(x) & any & absolute value of {\tt x}, $|x|$; same type \\
Xabs(x) & complex & length of {\tt x}, $\sqrt{{\mbox{real}(x)^{2} +
X\mbox{imag}(x)^{2}}}$ \\
Xacos(x) & any & $\cos^{-1} x$ (inverse cosine) in radians \\
Xarg(x) & complex & the phase of $x$ in radians \\
Xasin(x) & any & $\sin^{-1} x$ (inverse sin) in radians \\
Xatan(x) & any & $\tan^{-1} x$ (inverse tangent) in radians \\
Xbesj0(x) & radians & $j_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
Xbesj1(x) & radians & $j_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
Xbesy0(x) & radians & $y_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
Xbesy1(x) & radians & $y_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$ \\
Xceil(x) & any & $\lceil x \rceil$, largest integer not less than $x$
X(real part) \\
Xcos(x) & radians & $\cos x$, cosine of $x$ \\
Xcosh(x) & radians & $\cosh x$, hyperbolic cosine of $x$ \\
Xexp(x) & any & $e^{x}$, exponential function of $x$ \\
Xfloor(x) & any & $\lfloor x \rfloor$, smallest integer not greater
Xthan $x$ (real part) \\
Ximag(x) & complex & imaginary part of $x$ as a real number \\
Xint(x) & real & integer part of $x$, truncated toward zero \\
Xlog(x) & any & $\log_{e} x$, natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$ \\
Xlog10(x) & any & $\log_{10} x$, logarithm (base $10$) of $x$ \\
Xreal(x) & any & real part of $x$ \\
Xsgn(x) & any & 1 if $x>0$, -1 if $x<0$, 0 if $x=0$. imag($x$) ignored \\
Xsin(x) & radians & $\sin x$, sine of $x$ \\
Xsinh(x) & radians & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ \\
Xsqrt(x) & any & $\sqrt{x}$, square root of $x$ \\
Xtan(x) & radians & $\tan x$, tangent of $x$ \\
Xtanh(x) & radians & $\tanh x$, hyperbolic tangent of $x$\\
X\hline
X\end{tabular}
X
X\subsubsection{Operators}
X
XThe operators in Gnu\TeX\ are the same as the corresponding operators
Xin the C programming language, except that all operators accept
Xinteger, real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted. The
XFORTRAN \verb+**+ (exponentiation) operator is also supported.
X
XParentheses may be used to change order of evaluation. The following
Xtables show the operators provided in Gnu\TeX.
X
X\begin{center}
X\begin{tabular}{|ccl|} \hline
X\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Binary Operators} \\
XSymbol & Example & Explanation \\ \hline
X\verb@**@ & \verb@a**b@ & exponentiation\\
X\verb@*@ & \verb@a*b@ & multiplication\\
X\verb@/@ & \verb@a/b@ & division\\
X\verb@%@ & \verb@a%b@ & modulo\\
X\verb@+@ & \verb@a+b@ & addition\\
X\verb@-@ & \verb@a-b@ & subtraction\\
X\verb@==@ & \verb@a==b@ & equality\\
X\verb@!=@ & \verb@a!=b@ & inequality\\
X\verb@&@ & \verb@a&b@ & bitwise AND\\
X\verb@^@ & \verb@a^b@ & bitwise exclusive OR\\
X\verb@|@ & \verb@a|b@ & bitwise inclusive OR\\
X\verb@&&@ & \verb@a&&b@ & logical AND\\
X\verb@||@ & \verb@a||b@ & logical OR\\
X\verb@?:@ & \verb@a?b:c@ & terniary operation\\
X\hline
X\end{tabular}
X\end{center}
X
XThe terniary operator evaluates its first argument $a$. If it is true
X(non-zero) the second argument $b$ is returned, otherwise the third
Xargument $c$ is returned.
X
X\begin{center}
X\begin{tabular}{|ccl|} \hline
X\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Unary Operators}\\
XSymbol & Example & Explanation \\ \hline
X\verb@-@ & \verb@-a@ & unary minus \\
X\verb@~@ & \verb@~a@ & one's complement \\
X\verb@!@ & \verb@!a@ & logical negation \\
X\hline
X\end{tabular}
X\end{center}
X
X\subsection{The {\tt key} command (\LaTeX\ only)}
XThe {\tt key} command makes a key describing the curves on a plot.
XPlace any {\tt key} command {\em after} the corresponding {\tt plot}
Xcommand. Its syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X key {\em x,y} "{\em description1\/}" with {\em style1} [, "{\em
Xdescription2\/}" with {\em style2\/}]$\ldots$
X\end{syntax}
X
XThe key command looks a lot like a plot command. The coordinates $x,y$
Xspecify the location of the key on the plot (see below). The key is
Xdrawn as a sequence of lines, with one plot described on each line. On
Xthe left-hand side of each line is a representation that attempts to
Xmimic the way the curve is plotted (\eg, a bunch of dots for a line,
Xthe point symbol for a point, \etc). On the right side of each line is
Xthe text ``description'' given in the command. The lines are
Xvertically arranged so an imaginary straight line divides the left-
Xand right-hand sides of the key. It is the $x$-coordinate of this line
Xthat you specify with the {\tt x} in the key command; the {\tt y} in
Xthe key command is the bottom of the key.
X
XFor example, the plot command
X\begin{verbatim}
X plot "foo" w points, "bar" w lines, "funky" w linespoints
X\end{verbatim}
Xfollowed by
X\begin{verbatim}
Xkey 5,5 "This is foo" w points, "This is bar" w lines, "This is funky" w linespoints
X\end{verbatim}
Xwould give us a key that looks (roughly) like this:
X\begin{center}
X\shortstack{
X \makebox[0pt][r]{$\Diamond$} \makebox[0pt][l]{This is foo} \\
X \makebox[0pt][r]{\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}} \makebox[0pt][l]{This is bar} \\
X \makebox[0pt][r]{\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}$+$\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}} \makebox[0pt][l]{This is funky}
X}
X\end{center}
X
XAny styles may be used in the key entries, including user-defined
Xstyles. For the points and linespoints styles, the point type plotted
Xis determined in the same way as in the plot command, so your key
Xentries should be in the same order as in the plot command. Note that
Xa key entry with an empty (\ie, \verb+""+) description will not be
Xincluded in the key, but may be included to affect the point-type
Xdetermination. For example, if you do not want to key the {\tt foo}
Xcurve as above, but you want {\tt funky} to look right, the key
Xcommand is
X\begin{verbatim}
X key 5,5 "" w points, "This is bar" w lines, "This is funky" w linespoints
X\end{verbatim}
Xand gives us a key that looks (roughly) like this:
X\begin{center}
X\shortstack{
X \makebox[0pt][r]{\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}} \makebox[0pt][l]{This is bar} \\
X \makebox[0pt][r]{\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}$+$\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}\circle*{1}\hspace{2pt}} \makebox[0pt][l]{This is funky}
X}
X\end{center}
X
XThe key is fairly rough at this time and I may find ways to make it
Xlook better. Suggestions are welcome.
X
X
X\subsection{The {\tt label} Command (\LaTeX\ only)}
X\label{label}
XArbitrary labels may be placed on the most recent plot, using the {\tt
Xlabel} command. Place any {\tt label} command {\em after} the
Xcorresponding {\tt plot} command. The basic syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X label {\em x,y} "{\em text\/}"
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere $x,y$ is some coordinate in your plot's coordinate system (the
Xcommas are important). The text is any arbitrary \LaTeX\ input, and
Xwill be processed in LR mode. The text is centered at the point
X$x,y$. The label command should follow the plot command. Any number
Xof labels may be placed.
X
XIf you want to adjust the way the label is positioned with respect to
Xthe point $x,y$, add another parameter:
X\begin{syntax}
X label {\em x,y} "{\em text\/}" {\em pos}
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em pos} is one of \{{\tt r,l,t,b,lt,lb,rt,rb}\} indicating
Xthat the text should be placed so that the point is at the right
Xcenter, left center, top center, bottom center, left top corner, and
Xso on.
X
XAn arrow can be drawn out from the point simply by giving its
Xlength in problem coordinates, after the {\em pos}:
X\begin{syntax}
X label {\em x,y} "{\em text\/}" {\em pos length}
X\end{syntax}
XThe length is defined to be the {\em horizontal} extent of the arrow,
Xunless the arrow is vertical, in which case it is the vertical extent
Xof the arrow. The arrow is drawn {\em away from} the text; for
Xexample, if {\em pos} is {\tt lt}, then {\em away} is defined to be up
Xand to the left. If it is {\tt b}, {\em away} is defined to be down.
XThis allows for eight different directions of arrows.
X
XFurther control over the slope of the arrow can be gained by
Xspecifying exactly the slope you want. You should read about vectors
Xon page 198 in the \LaTeX\ manual. The command looks like
X\begin{syntax}
X label {\em x,y} "{\em text\/}" {\em pos length, h-slope, v-slope}
X\end{syntax}
X(all the commas are important). The values {\em h-slope} and {\em
Xv-slope} are integers in the range $[-4,4]$, which specify the slope
Xof the line (run, rise). A horizontal line is {\tt 1,0}, vertical is
X{\tt 0,1}. The two numbers may not have a common divisor other than
X$+1$ or $-1$.
X
XLabels outside of the plotted boundaries are permitted but may
Xinterfere with axes labels or other text; use at your own risk.
X
X\subsection{The {\tt load} Command}
X
XThis command executes each line of the specified input file as if it
Xhad been typed interactively. Files created by the {\tt save}
Xcommand can later be {\tt load}ed. Any text file containing valid
Xcommands can be created and then executed by the {\tt load} command.
XFiles being {\tt load}ed may themselves contain {\tt load} commands.
X
XThe {\tt load} command must be the last command on the line. The
Xsyntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X load "{\em input-file\/}"
X\end{syntax}
X
XThe name of the input file must be enclosed in quotes.
X
X\subsection{The {\tt plot} Command}
XThe {\tt plot} command is the primary command of the program. It
Xdisplays functions and data in many, many ways. The full syntax of
Xthis command is:
X\begin{syntax}
X plot [{\em ranges}] {\em function} [{\em style}] [, {\em function} [{\em style}]]$\ldots$
X\end{syntax}
X
XWhere {\em function} is either a mathematical expression or the name
Xof a data file enclosed in quotes. User-defined functions and
Xvariables may also be defined here. Square braces [,] denote optional
Xitems.
X
XA {\tt plot} command can be as simple as
X\begin{verbatim}
X plot sin(x)
X\end{verbatim}
X
Xor as complex as (!)
X\begin{verbatim}
X plot [t=1:100] [-pi:pi*2] tan(t), "data.1" with lines, besj0(t) with points
X\end{verbatim}
X
XThe details are discussed below.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt plot} Command: Data Files}
X
XDiscrete data contained in a file can displayed by specifying the name
Xof the data file (enclosed in quotes) on the {\tt plot} command line.
X
XData files should contain one data point per line. A data point may
Xbe specified either as an $x$ and $y$ value separated by blank space,
Xor as just the $y$ value, in which case the program will use the
Xnumber of the coordinate as the $x$ value. Coordinate numbers starts
Xat 0 and are incremented for each data point read. Blank lines and
Xlines beginning with \verb+!+ or \verb+#+ will be treated as comments
Xand ignored.
X
X
XThis example compares the data in the file {\tt population.dat} to a
Xtheoretical curve:
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X pop(x) = 103*exp((1965-x)/10)
X plot [1960:1990] 'population.dat', pop(x)
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
XThe file {\tt population.dat} might contain:
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X ! Gnu population in Antarctica since 1965
X 1965 103
X 1970 55
X 1975 34
X 1980 24
X 1985 10
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt plot} Command: Ranges}
X
XThese two options specify the region of the plot that will be
Xdisplayed.
X
XRanges may be provided on the {\tt plot} command line as synonyms for
Xthe {\tt set xrange} and {\tt set yrange} commands. The syntax of a
Xrange is one of
X\begin{syntax}
X\, [{\em dummy-var} = {\em xmin} : {\em xmax}] \\
X\, [{\em dummy-var} = {\em xmin} : {\em xmax}] [{\em ymin} : {\em ymax}]
X\end{syntax}
XIn this expression the square brackets ([,]) are literals and
Xtherefore required, but the ``{\em dummy-var} {\tt =}'' is optional.
X
XWhen specified, {\em dummy-var} is the independent variable ($x$ is
Xused by default) and the min and max terms can be expressions or
Xconstants.
X
XBoth the min and max terms are optional. The ``{\tt :}'' is also
Xoptional if neither a min nor a max term is specified. This allows
X{\tt []} to be used as a null range specification. The default
X$x$-range is {\tt [-10:10]}. Specifying a $y$ range turns autoscaling
XOFF.
X
XSome examples follow:
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X plot cos(x) # use current ranges
X plot [-10:30] sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) # set xrange only
X plot [t = -10 :30] sin(pi*t)/(pi*t) # same, but use t as dummy-var
X plot [-pi:pi] [-3:3] tan(x), 1/x # set y and xranges
X plot [] [-2:sin(5)*-8] sin(x)**besj0(x) # set only yrange
X plot [:200] [-pi:] exp(sin(x)) # set xmax and ymin only
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt plot} Command: Styles}
X
XPlots may be displayed in one of these styles: {\tt lines, points,
Xlinespoints, impulses}, or {\tt dots}. The {\tt lines} style connects
Xadjacent points with lines. The {\tt points} style displays a small
Xsymbol at each point. The symbol is different for each curve on the
Xplot (more precisely, it rotates among the set of symbols $\{\Diamond,
X+, \Box, \times, \triangle, \star\}$). The {\tt linespoints} style is a
Xcombination of the previous two styles. The {\tt impulses} style
Xdisplays a vertical line from the $x$ axis to each point. The {\tt
Xdots} style is like the {\tt points} style except a very tiny dot is
Xplotted at each point, and the symbol does not vary from plot to plot.
XThis is useful for plotting very many points to get a feel for the
Xdistribution. In addition, for \LaTeX\ output only, there are
Xuser-defined styles (see the {\tt set style} command in
XSection~\ref{set-style}).
X
XDefault styles are chosen with the {\tt set function style} and {\tt
Xset data style} commands.
X
XThe syntax of the style option is simply
X\begin{syntax}
X with {\em style}
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em style} is one of {\tt lines}, {\tt points}, {\tt
Xlinespoints}, {\tt impulses}, {\tt dots}, or a user-defined style
Xname. These keywords may NOT be abbreviated, though {\tt with} may be
Xabbreviated, for example, to {\tt w}.
X
XSome examples are
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X plot sin(x) with impulses # sin(x) with impulses
X plot [-9:30] sin(x) w points, cos(x) # sin(x) with points, cos(x) default
X plot [] [-2:5] tan(x), "data.1" with l # tan(x) default, "data.1" with lines
X plot "leastsq.dat" w i # "leastsq.dat" with impulses
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
X
X\subsection{The {\tt print} Command}
XWith syntax
X\begin{syntax}
X print {\em expression}
X\end{syntax}
Xthis command prints the value of {\em expression} (see {\tt
Xexpressions}).
X
X\subsection{The {\tt quit} Command}
X{\tt quit} is a synonym for {\tt exit}. See {\tt exit}.
X
X\subsection{The {\tt save} Command}
XThis command saves either user-defined functions, variables, or both
Xto the specified file.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X save [{\em option}] "{\em filename\/}"
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em option} is either {\tt functions} or {\tt variables}. If
Xno option is used Gnu\TeX\ saves both functions and variables. The
Xfilename must be enclosed in quotes.
X
XAll {\tt save}d files are written in text format and may be read by
Xthe {\tt load} command.
X
X\subsection{The {\tt set} and {\tt show} Commands}
X
XThe {\tt set} command sets {\em lots} of options.
X
XThe {\tt show} command shows their settings. {\tt show all} shows all
Xthe settings. See the corresponding {\tt set} command for information
Xabout each {\tt show} command.
X
X\subsubsection {The {\tt set autoscale} Command}
X
XAutoscaling is the default for both the $x$ and $y$ axes. If $y$
Xautoscaling is on, the $y$ axis is automatically scaled to fit the
Xrange of the function or data being plotted. If $x$ autoscaling is
Xon, the $x$ range is scaled to the data file(s) being plotted; any
Xfunctions plotted on the same curve will use the same range. If only
Xfunctions are plotted, the current $x$ range is used.
X
XIf autoscaling is not on for an axis, the current range for that axis
Xis used. The current range is the range used for the last plot
Xcommand, or defined by the {\tt set xrange} and {\tt set yrange}
Xcommands, or \verb+[-10:10]+ initially.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set autoscale [{\em axes}] \\
X set noautoscale [{\em axes}] \\
X show autoscale
X\end{syntax}
X
XThe optional {\em axes} parameter specifies the axes affected by the
Xcommand. If {\em axes} is {\tt x} or {\tt y}, the command affects the
X$x$ or $y$ axis, respectively. If {\em axes} is {\tt xy}, {\tt yx}, or
Xabsent, the command affects both axes.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set clip} Command}
X
XGnu\TeX\ normally clips (actually, does not plot at all) data points
Xthat fall within but too close to the boundaries (this is so the large
Xsymbols used for points will not extend outside the boundary lines).
XWith the user-defined styles of \LaTeX\ it is often desirable to make
Xsmaller point symbols, and thus points near the boundaries may be
Xplotted. To turn off clipping, use {\tt set noclip}. To turn it back
Xon, use {\tt set clip}. The default is {\tt clip}. Without clipping
Xyou may have points near the boundaries that look bad (for some
Xterminal types this may cause errors); try adjusting the $x$ and $y$
Xranges.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set format} Command (\LaTeX\ only)}
X
XThe format of the tic-mark labels may be set with the {\tt set format}
Xcommand. The default format used for both axes is ``\verb+$%g$+'', but
Xother formats such as ``\verb+%.2f+'' or ``\verb+$%3.0f \mu$sec+'' are
Xoften desirable. Anything accepted by {\tt printf} when given a {\em
Xdouble-precision} number, and then accepted by \LaTeX\ in LR mode,
Xwill work. In particular, the formats {\tt f, e}, and {\tt g} will
Xwork, and the {\tt d, o, x, c, s}, and {\tt u} formats will not work.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set format [{\em axes}] "{\em format-string\/}" \\
X show format
X\end{syntax}
X
XWhere {\em axes} is either {\tt x}, {\tt y}, {\tt xy}, or nothing
X(which is the same as {\tt xy}). The length of the string representing
Xa ticmark (after formatting with {\tt printf}) is restricted to 100
Xcharacters.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt show functions} Command}
XThe {\tt show functions} command lists all user-defined functions and
Xtheir definitions. There is no {\tt set functions} command (but see
XSection~\ref{user-def}, {\em User-defined functions}). The syntax is
Xsimply
X\begin{syntax}
X show functions
X\end{syntax}
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set logscale} Command}
X
XLog scaling may be set on the $x$ and/or the $y$ axis.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set logscale {\em axes} \\
X set nologscale \\
X show logscale
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em axes} is either {\tt x}, {\tt y}, or {\tt xy}.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set output} Command}
XBy default, plots are displayed to the standard output. The {\tt set
Xoutput} command redirects the displays to the specified file or
Xdevice. The syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set output "{\em filename\/}" \\
X show output
X\end{syntax}
X
XThe filename must be enclosed in quotes. If the filename is omitted,
Xoutput will be sent to the standard output.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set samples} Command}
X
XThe sampling rates of functions may be changed by the {\tt set
Xsamples} command. By default, sampling is set to 160 points. A
Xhigher sampling rate will produce more accurate plots, but will take
Xlonger. In generating plots, Gnu\TeX\ will use either the sampling
Xrate set or the resolution of the current output device, whichever is
Xsmaller.
X
XFor plotting data files, the number of samples limits the number of
Xpoints that may be plotted. To plot larger data files, set the number
Xof samples to a higher value. A warning message is printed if the data
Xfile has more points than can be plotted.
X
X\begin{syntax}
X set samples {\em expression} \\
X show samples
X\end{syntax}
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set size} Command (\LaTeX\ only)}
XThe {\tt set size} command will set the size of the plot, in inches.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set size {\em w,h}
X\end{syntax}
XThis command tells Gnu\TeX\ to use a $w$ inch wide by $h$ inch high
Xbox for the plot. This is the size of the actual plotting area;
Xlabels (see the {\tt set xlabel}, {\tt set ylabel}, and {\tt set
Xtitle} commands) will extend outside of this size.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set {\em xxx} style} Command}
XThis command sets the default style for use with plotting functions or
Xdata files. See the {\tt plot} command, {\tt style} options for more
Xinformation. See the {\tt set style} command for information on
Xdefining your own plot styles.
X
XThe syntax of this command is
X\begin{syntax}
X set function style {\em style} \\
X set data style {\em style} \\
X show function style \\
X show data style
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em style} is one of {\tt lines}, {\tt points}, {\tt
Xlinespoints}, {\tt impulses}, {\tt dots}, or a user-defined style.
XThese style keywords may NOT be abbreviated.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set terminal} Command}
X
XGnu\TeX\ supports many different graphics devices. Use the {\tt set
Xterminal} command to select the type of device for which Gnu\TeX\ will
Xproduce output. The syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set terminal [{\em terminal-type}] \\
X show terminal
X\end{syntax}
X
XIf {\em terminal-type} is omitted, the program will list the available
Xterminal types. {\em terminal-type} may be abbreviated.
X
XUse the {\tt set output} command to redirect this output to a file or
Xdevice.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set title} Command}
X
XThe plot is labeled in a variety of ways. A title may be provided for
Xthe plot with {\tt set title} commands. The title in effect at the
Xtime of the {\tt plot} command is used, so it should be set before the
Xplot. Once set, it retains its values until explicitly changed.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set title "{\em title-string\/}"
X\end{syntax}
X
XWhen not in latex, the title shows up in the upper-left-hand corner of
Xthe plot, whenever the plot is being labeled.
X
XWith \LaTeX\ this may be more complex:
X\begin{verbatim}
X set title "This is a {\em very} long title\\because it has\\three lines"
X\end{verbatim}
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set style} Command (\LaTeX\ only)}
X\label{set-style}
X
XIf you find the default ``dot'' approximation to lines to be
Xinadequate, or desire different curves on the same plot to have
Xdifferent styles, then you can define your own style (up to 16 may be
Xdefined). A style may be defined at any time with a command of one of
Xthe following forms:
X\begin{syntax}
X set style {\em name} {\em point} \\
X set style {\em name} {\em spacing} {\em dot}$\ldots$ \\
X set style {\em name} {\em point} {\em spacing} {\em dot}$\ldots$
X\end{syntax}
X
XThe first form defines a style similar to {\tt points}, the second
Xsimilar to {\tt lines} and the third to {\tt linespoints}. The {\em
Xname} is any identifier, just as with user-defined variables and
Xfunctions (it may not be lines, points, impulses, linespoints, or
Xdots). To use the style, simply use the {\em name} where you would use
Xany of the standard linestyle names: {\tt with {\em name}}, {\tt set
Xdata style {\em name}}, or {\tt set function style {\em name}}.
X
XThe {\em point} is a quoted string of \LaTeX\ source which describes
Xtext to be plotted at each point. Picture-mode and math-mode commands
Xare the most useful. For example, \verb+"\circle*{100}"+ draws a disk
X1pt in diameter at each data point (the units of picture coordinates
Xin use are 1/100 point). \verb+"$\Diamond$"+ produces a large diamond
Xsymbol ($\Diamond$).
X
XThe {\em spacing} and {\em dot} arguments define a line in terms of a
Xsequence of ``dots'' to be output every {\em spacing} points along the
Xline to be plotted. {\em spacing} is a real number whose units are
Xpoints. Each dot (up to 5 dots are allowed) is a quoted string of
X\LaTeX\ text, as with the point above. The dots are plotted in rotation
Xalong the whole curve.
X
XThus, to simulate a linespoints linestyle with alternating big and
Xlittle dots every 4pt along the curve but to use a plus sign at
Xeach data point,
X\begin{verbatim}
X set style mine "$+$" 4 "\circle*{100}" "\circle*{200}"
X\end{verbatim}
X
XThe default style is as if
X\singlespace
X\begin{verbatim}
X set style lines 2 "\circle*{1}"
X set style linespoints <varies> 2 "\circle*{1}"
X\end{verbatim}
X\currentspace
Xhad been executed. (The smallest circle that will be drawn is about
X100 units; smaller sizes than this will use that smallest size).
XLinespoints is special in that its points vary with each curve on the
Xplot. This is not possible to embody in a single user-defined
Xlinestyle.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt show variables} Command}
XThe {\tt show variables} command lists all user-defined variables and
Xtheir values. There is no {\tt set variables} command. To assign
Xvariables, see Section~\ref{user-def}, {\em User-defined variables}.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X show variables
X\end{syntax}
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set xlabel} Command (\LaTeX\ only)}
XIn {\tt latex} output, the plot is labeled in a variety of ways. The
Xaxes may be labeled and a title provided for the plot with {\tt set}
Xcommands. The labels in effect at the time of the {\tt plot} command
Xare used, so they should be set before the plot. Once set, they retain
Xtheir values until explicitly changed. The syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set xlabel "{\em string\/}"
X\end{syntax}
XThe string may be quite complex, for example,
X\begin{verbatim}
X set xlabel "This is the $x$ axis\\with more than two\\lines in the label"
X\end{verbatim}
XHere there are line breaks, and math mode is used to make the {\tt x}
Xlook like a variable.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set xrange} Command}
XThe {\tt set xrange} command sets the horizontal range of values which
Xwill be displayed. This range may also be specified on the {\tt plot}
Xcommand line. The syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set xrange [{\em xmin} : {\em xmax}]
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em xmin} and {\em xmax} terms are expressions or constants,
Xand are both optional. The square brackets ([,]), however, are
Xrequired.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set xtics} Command}
XSometimes the $x$- or $y$-axis numbers really don't mean anything, and
Xyou would rather not have the numbers and tics printed on the axis. If
Xthis is the case, insert one of
X\begin{syntax}
X set noxtics \\
X set noytics
X\end{syntax}
Xbefore the plot command. To turn them back on use
X\begin{syntax}
X set xtics \\
X set ytics
X\end{syntax}
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set ylabel} Command (\LaTeX\ only)}
XThe {\tt set ylabel} command is similar to the {\tt set xlabel}
Xcommand, and labels the $y$-axis. Its syntax is slightly different,
Xhowever:
X\begin{syntax}
X set ylabel "{\em string\/}" [{\em shift}]
X\end{syntax}
X
XIf the ylabel is not coming out quite right (too close to the plot),
Xits position may be adjusted with the optional second parameter, {\em
Xshift}. This will slide the $y$ label about {\em shift} characters
Xfurther to the left (away from the plot). Positive and negative
Xintegers are allowed. The default value of {\em shift} is zero.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set yrange} Command}
XThe {\tt set yrange} command sets the vertical range of values which
Xwill be displayed. It is completely analogous to the {\tt set xrange}
Xcommand. This command turns autoscaling {\bf off}. This range may
Xalso be specified on the {\tt plot} command line.
XThe syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set yrange [{\em ymin} : {\em ymax}]
X\end{syntax}
X
XWhere {\em ymin} and {\em ymax} terms are expressions or constants,
Xand are both optional. The square brackets ([,]), however, are
Xrequired.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set ytics} Command}
XSee the {\tt set xtics} command.
X
X\subsubsection{The {\tt set zero} Command}
XGnu\TeX\ will not display points when their imaginary parts are
Xgreater than the {\tt zero} threshold. The default {\tt zero} value
Xis $10^{-8}$. The syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X set zero {\em expression} \\
X show zero
X\end{syntax}
X
X\subsection{The {\tt shell} Command}
XThe {\tt shell} command spawns an interactive shell. To return to
XGnu\TeX, type {\tt logout} if using VMS, {\tt exit} or your {\em
Xend-of-file\/} character if using Unix, or {\tt exit} if using MS-DOS.
X
XA single shell command may be spawned by preceding it with the
X\verb+!+ character at the beginning of a command line. Control will
Xreturn immediately to Gnu\TeX\ after this command is executed. For
Xexample,
X\begin{verbatim}
X ! ls
X\end{verbatim}
Xprints a directory listing and then returns to Gnu\TeX.
X
X\verb+$+ is accepted as a synonym for \verb+!+ in VMS.
X
X\subsection{User-defined variables and functions}
X\label{user-def}
X
XYou may define your own functions and variables, which may be used
Xanywhere. To define a function, the syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X {\em function-name} ({\em dummy-var}) = {\em expression}
X\end{syntax}
Xwhere {\em expression} is defined in terms of {\em dummy-var}.
X
XTo define a variable, the syntax is
X\begin{syntax}
X {\em variable-name} = {\em constant-expression}
X\end{syntax}
X
XSome examples:
X\begin{verbatim}
X w = 2
X q = floor(tan(pi/2 - 0.1))
X f(x) = sin(w*x)
X sinc(x) = sin(pi*x)/(pi*x)
X delta(t) = (t == 0)
X ramp(t) = (t > 0) ? t : 0
X\end{verbatim}
X
XThe variable {\tt pi} is already defined for you.
X
XSee also {\tt show functions} and {\tt show variables}. See {\tt set
Xstyle} for defining your own linestyles.
X
X%%%%%%%%% End of Details %%%%%%%%%%%%
X
X\section{Command-line arguments}
X
XThe command line to gnutex looks like this:
X\begin{syntax}
X gnutex [-l] [-p] [-x]
X\end{syntax}
X
XBy default, gnutex does not place labels on plots. However, with {\tt
X-l} option, they will be printed. The labels consist of the $x$ and
X$y$ ranges and tic spacings, an optional title, plus a listing of the
Xsource (function or data file) for each curve. {\em This option does
Xnot affect \LaTeX\ output.}
X
XWhen using Gnu\TeX\ interactively, it will clear the screen before
Xplotting. The {\tt -p} option will disable the pre-plot screen clear.
XThis is useful mainly when the output of Gnu\TeX\ is being sent to a
Xprinter, where clearing the screen translates into printing a blank
Xpage.
X
XThe {\tt -x} option enables debugging output, in case anyone wants to
Xplay with personal enhancements.
X
X\section{Bugs and deficiencies}
X
XI list here three known bugs, several deficiencies, and some items
Xthat are on my wish list. Please send bug reports and suggestions to
X\verb+dfk@cs.duke.edu+.
X
XThe most important known bug is actually in the stdio library for the
XSun4 operating system (SunOS Sys4-3.2). The {\tt \%g} format for {\tt
Xprintf} sometimes incorrectly prints numbers (\eg, 200000.0 as ``2'').
XThus, tic mark labels may be incorrect on a Sun4 version of Gnu\TeX.
XYou may work around it by rescaling your data or by using the {\tt set
Xformat} command to change the tic mark format to \verb+%7.0f+ or some
Xother appropriate format. This appears to have been fixed in SunOS
X4.0.
X
XAnother bug: On the Sun4, the {\tt sscanf} routine incorrectly parses
X``00 12'' with the format {\tt "\%f \%f"} and reads 0 and 0 instead of
X0 and 12. This affects data input. If your data file contains $x$
Xcoordinates that are zero but are specified like '00', '000' \etc,
Xthen you will read the wrong $y$ values. Check your data files or do
Xnot use a Sun4 until they fix the bug. It appears that this has {\em
Xnot} been fixed in SunOS 4.0.
X
XThe last bug has to do with the way \LaTeX places objects in picture
Xmode. I use a \verb+\put(x,y){\makebox(0,0){point}}+ to place the
Xpoints of the graph on the plot. The \verb+point+ above is often
Xspecified by the user, using a user-defined linestyle. This technique
Xallows the user to specify text, math mode, or picture mode objects
Xand to center them at the point $(x,y)$. This does not center, for
Xsome reason, a \verb+\circle+ object. Thus, little circles used as
Xpoints in a user-defined linestyle will not be precisely at the data
Xpoints. This is especially noticeable in a linespoints-like style.
XAnyone who has an explanation or solution to this problem is requested
Xto contact me. Leslie Lamport could not explain it to my
Xsatisfaction, and believes it is a feature, not a bug, of \LaTeX.
X
XCertainly, one of the biggest deficiencies are that curves are not
Xplotted with real lines, but as many dots. Decreasing the spacing of
Xthe dots tends to cause \LaTeX\ to run out of memory. I plan to use
Xthe EEPIC macro package to draw lines of any slope, allowing for more
Xattractive plots.
X
XThe tic marks are determined automatically by Gnu\TeX. The only
Xcontrol the user has is to turn them completely off. I would like to
Xadd a command for the user to specify the exact tic marks to be
Xplotted.
X
XThe key doesn't look very nice. I would like to find better ways to
Xdisplay the curves, and to put a box around the key.
X
XCurrently the plot is output as a \LaTeX\ picture environment. I plan
Xto modify it to produce EEPIC code, to obtain arbitrary-slope lines
Xinexpensively. Also, for \TeX\ users, there should be \TeX\ output. It
Xis also conceivable that output of FIG code would allow for editing
Xand conversion to many other output languages.
X
XIf sideways writing were possible, it might be fun to use for the
X$y$-axis label.
X
X\section{Obtaining Gnu\TeX}
X
XGnu\TeX\ may be obtained with anonymous ftp to {\tt cs.duke.edu} by
Xobtaining the file {\tt pub/gnutex.tar.Z} or {\tt pub/gnutex.shar}.
XThese files always represent the most up-to-date version of Gnu\TeX.
XPatches to update the program are also available there. It should also
Xbe available ``soon'' from {\tt comp.sources.unix}.
X
XTo install, uncompress and un-tar (or un-shar) the file you have
Xobtained. Look at README. Then examine the Makefile. You may want to
Xchange the {\tt TERMFLAGS} definition to include only terminal types
Xyou expect to use. Then type make.
X
XThe {\tt lasergnu} shell script runs {\tt gnutex} on a command or file
Xpresented as an argument, and sends the output to an Imagen laser
Xprinter (using its Tektronix emulation). You may need to adjust this
Xscript for your local conditions to make it available for users. Note
Xthat Gnu\TeX\ also supports unixplot and QMS output, which may be
Xuseful for other printer types.
X
X\section*{Note}
XI have no affiliation with the GNU project or the \TeX\ project. I
Xgive full credit to Colin Kelley and Thomas Williams for their design
Xof {\tt gnuplot}, and note here that it is copyrighted by them. Also,
Xmuch of the text for Section~\ref{details} came from the help files,
Xwhich may have been originally written by them. I could not reach them
Xto obtain permission to distribute Gnu\TeX. Their restriction on the
Xuse of their code holds for mine as well: ``You may use this code as
Xyou wish if credit is given and this message is retained.'' See any of
Xthe files comprising the source code for this restriction.
X
XPlease send bug reports and suggestions to \verb+dfk@cs.duke.edu+.
X
X\end{document}
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'gnutex.toc'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'gnutex.toc'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'gnutex.toc'
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction and History}{3}
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Capabilities}{3}
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Tutorial}{3}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Using GnuT\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\ Interactively}{3}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Using GnuT\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\ for Hard Copy}{4}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Using GnuT\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\ for {\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}}{4}
X\contentsline {paragraph}{Example 1:}{4}
X\contentsline {paragraph}{Example 2:}{4}
X\contentsline {paragraph}{Example 3:}{5}
X\contentsline {paragraph}{Going further:}{7}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Summary --- Use with {\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}}{9}
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Details of GnuT\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\ Commands}{9}
X\contentsline {paragraph}{Start-up:}{9}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}The {\ptt clear} command}{10}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Command-line substitution}{10}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}The {\ptt exit} command}{10}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Expressions}{10}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Functions}{10}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Operators}{11}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}The {\ptt key} command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{12}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}The {\ptt label} Command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{13}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.7}The {\ptt load} Command}{13}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8}The {\ptt plot} Command}{14}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.8.1}The {\ptt plot} Command: Data Files}{14}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.8.2}The {\ptt plot} Command: Ranges}{14}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.8.3}The {\ptt plot} Command: Styles}{15}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.9}The {\ptt print} Command}{15}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.10}The {\ptt quit} Command}{15}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.11}The {\ptt save} Command}{15}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.12}The {\ptt set} and {\ptt show} Commands}{15}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.1}The {\ptt set autoscale} Command}{16}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.2}The {\ptt set clip} Command}{16}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.3}The {\ptt set format} Command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{16}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.4}The {\ptt show functions} Command}{16}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.5}The {\ptt set logscale} Command}{16}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.6}The {\ptt set output} Command}{17}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.7}The {\ptt set samples} Command}{17}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.8}The {\ptt set size} Command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{17}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.9}The {\ptt set {\pem {}xxx} style} Command}{17}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.10}The {\ptt set terminal} Command}{17}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.11}The {\ptt set title} Command}{18}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.12}The {\ptt set style} Command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{18}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.13}The {\ptt show variables} Command}{18}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.14}The {\ptt set xlabel} Command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{19}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.15}The {\ptt set xrange} Command}{19}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.16}The {\ptt set xtics} Command}{19}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.17}The {\ptt set ylabel} Command ({\prm L\kern -.36em\raise .3ex\hbox {\psc a}\kern -.15em T\kern -.1667em\lower .7ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}\ only)}{19}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.18}The {\ptt set yrange} Command}{19}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.19}The {\ptt set ytics} Command}{19}
X\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.12.20}The {\ptt set zero} Command}{20}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.13}The {\ptt shell} Command}{20}
X\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.14}User-defined variables and functions}{20}
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Command-line arguments}{20}
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Bugs and deficiencies}{21}
X\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Obtaining GnuT\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX}{21}
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'Makefile'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'Makefile'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'Makefile'
X# Makefile for gnutex manual
X# To make the manual from scratch, we run latex three times
Xall: gnutex.dvi
X latex gnutex
X latex gnutex
X
X# To touch it up after changes:
Xremake: gnutex.dvi
X
X# Always runs latex, e.g., to get labels right
Xforce:
X latex gnutex
X
Xgnutex.dvi: eg1.tex eg2.tex eg3.tex eg4.tex gnutex.tex header.tex
X latex gnutex
X
Xeg1.tex: eg1.gnu
X gnutex < eg1.gnu
X
Xeg2.tex: eg2.gnu
X gnutex < eg2.gnu
X
Xeg3.tex: eg3.gnu eg3.dat
X gnutex < eg3.gnu
X
Xeg4.tex: eg4.gnu
X gnutex < eg4.gnu
X
Xclean:
X rm -f *~ *.log
X
Xspotless:
X rm -f *~ *.log *.aux *.dvi *.toc eg?.tex
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
cd ..
if test -f 'gnutex.1'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'gnutex.1'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'gnutex.1'
X.\" dummy line
X.TH GNUTEX 1 "7 July 1988"
X.UC 4
X.SH NAME
Xgnutex \- an interactive plotting program with LaTeX support
X.SH SYNOPSIS
X.B gnutex
X[
X.B \-l
X]
X[
X.B \-p
X]
X[
X.B \-x
X]
X.br
X.SH DESCRIPTION
X.I Gnutex
Xis a command-driven interactive function plotting program.
XHere are some of its features:
X.PP
XPlots any number of functions, built up of C operators, C library
Xfunctions, and some things C doesn't have like **, sgn(), etc. Also
Xsupport for plotting scatter-plots of data files for comparing actual
Xdata to theoretical curves.
X.PP
XUser-defined X and Y ranges (optional auto-ranging), smart Y scaling,
Xsmart tic marks.
X.PP
XUser-defined constants and functions.
X.PP
XSupport through a generalized graphics driver for ReGis (VT125 and VT2xx),
XTek 401x, AED 767, HP plotters, and QMS laser printers. The PC version
Xsupports IBM CGA & EGA and Corona 325 graphics. LaTeX is supported as
Xdescribed below. Other devices can be added
Xsimply, but will require recompiling.
X.PP
XShell escapes and command line substitution.
X.PP
XLoad and save capability.
X.PP
XOutput redirection.
X.PP
XAll computations performed in the complex domain. Just the real part is
Xplotted by default, but functions like imag() and abs() and arg() are
Xavailable to override this.
X.PP
XBy default, gnutex does not place labels on plots. However, with
Xthe
X.B \-l
Xoption, they will be printed. The plot may have an optional additional title.
X.PP
XWhen using the "tek40xx", "toptek", or "bottek" terminal type, gnutex
Xwill clear the screen before plotting. The
X.B \-p
Xoption will disable the pre-plot screen clear. This is useful mainly
Xwhen the output of gnutex is being sent to a printer, where clearing
Xthe screen translates into printing a blank page.
X.PP
XThe
X.B \-x
Xoption enables debugging output, in case anyone wants to play with
Xpersonal enhancements.
X.PP
XSupport for a LaTeX "terminal" driver, which supports all normal
Xgnuplot plotting commands plus labeling tic marks, title and axes
Xlabels, arbitrary labels with arrows, user-defined line styles, and
Xkeys.
X
X.SH AUTHORS
XColin Kelley and Tom Williams (vu-vlsi!plot)
X.br
XLaTeX and enhancements by David Kotz (dfk@cs.duke.edu)
X.SH BUGS
XThe unixplot driver automatically writes to stdout, so you have to
Xredirect the gnutex's output from the shell.
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
if test -f 'lasergnu.1'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file "'lasergnu.1'"
else
sed 's/^X//' << \SHAR_EOF > 'lasergnu.1'
X.TH LASERGNU l
X.SH NAME
Xlasergnu \- gnutex to an IMAGEN printer
X.SH SYNOPSIS
X.B lasergnu
X[ flags ] plot-command
X.SH DESCRIPTION
X.I lasergnu
Xruns
X.IR gnutex (l)
Xin an environment to produce typeset output on an IMAGEN printer.
X.PP
XThe
X.B gnutex
Xcommand
X.B plot-command
Xis performed, unless the
X.B -f
Xoption specifies a file as input.
XFor example, to plot the function
X.I sin(x)
Xfrom -1 to +1, and to use printer im1, use the command
X.br
X.nf
X lasergnu -l -Pim1 'plot [-1:1] sin(x) with lines'
X.fi
XThe following switches are recognized:
X.TP
X.BI \-P\0 printer
XThe output of this program is intended for
X.I printer.
X\ If the file is being spooled, this determines the printer it is spooled
Xto (default: $LASER).
X.TP
X.BI \-f\0 file
XTake gnutex commands from the named file.
X.TP
X.BI \-t\0 title
XSpecify the title of the plot.
X.TP
X.BI \-l
XLabel the plot with the
X.I x
Xand
X.I y
Xranges and tic sizes.
X.TP
X.BI \-hold
XHold the output for manual paper feed.
X.TP
X.BI \-b
XDo not print a banner page.
X.TP
X.BI \-J
XDo not print a banner page.
X.TP
X.B \-help
XPrints a list of options.
X.SH SEE ALSO
Xgnutex(l), lpr(1)
SHAR_EOF
fi # end of overwriting check
# End of shell archive
exit 0
Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706
ARPA: dfk@cs.duke.edu
CSNET: dfk@duke
UUCP: decvax!duke!dfk