ph@pixar.UUCP (Paul Heckbert) (05/05/87)
# to unpack, cut here and run the following through sh
# shell archive of: rules rape.c ntok.csh ray.h test1.ap
#
cat <<'EOF15382' >rules
**************************************
MINIMAL RAY TRACER PROGRAMMING CONTEST
**************************************
The goal: write the shortest Whitted-style ray tracing program in C.
Countless people have written basic sphere ray tracers and made pictures of
glass and chrome balls, so isn't it time we found out just how short such a
program can be?
The algorithms required are described in the classic article:
Turner Whitted
"An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display"
Communications of the ACM, June 1980, pp. 343-349
Given Kernighan&Ritchie, Whitted's article, and a basic knowledge of 3-D
graphics, anyone should be able to enter this contest. Winning the
contest will require intimate knowledge of C and considerable ingenuity,
however.
Briefly, the rules are as follows: you mail me C source to a ray tracer which
renders spheres with specular and transmitted rays and hard shadows but
no antialiasing. The scene is compiled in, and the picture is
output to stdout. Speed is no object. The winner will be the shortest
C program which produces the "correct" output, where shortest is measured by
the number of tokens after the C preprocessor. The deadline is 15 June 1987.
Files in this shell archive are:
rules - contest announcement and rules
rape.c - program for token counting
ntok.csh - C shell alias for token counting
ray.h - sphere list for a test scene
test1.ap - a correct image of that scene, for reference
**** CONTEST RULES ****
An entry is considered valid if it meets all of the following conditions:
1. program consists of a single C source file (called ray.c, say)
2. compiles with no errors or warnings on 4.3bsd on my VAX 780
with a command of the form "cc -o ray ray.c -lm"
(sorry, but this is the only way I can verify entries consistently)
Thus, "modern" C features such as structure passing and enum are legal.
3. ray traces a list of spheres using Whitted's recursive shading
model for the specular and transmitted (refracted) components.
4. the sphere list, camera, and other parameters
(listed below) are compiled into the program from a header file
with '#include "ray.h"'. The program must work for any set of such
parameters, except where noted below (each entry will be compiled
and tested with several different header files).
the following are specified in the header file:
a sphere has at least the following attributes
center point (x,y,z)
color (r,g,b) with 0<=r,g,b<=1
radius
diffuse, specular, transmitted, and luminosity coefficients
call them kd, ks, kt, kl respectively
index of refraction ir
and the following constants are #defined:
DEPTH maximum ray tree depth
depth=0 means return black (0,0,0)
depth=1 means shade only primary rays
depth=2 means primary and secondary, etc.
SIZE resolution of picture in pixels (it's square)
AOV total angle of view in degrees
NSPHERE number of spheres in scene
The sphere list and ambient color are initialized in ray.h using
the identifiers "SPHERE" and "AMBIENT", which you will need to
#define before #including that file. SPHERE and AMBIENT can be
arrays of doubles, structures, or whatever you like.
For example:
#define SPHERE struct sphere sph[NSPHERE]
Your program should compile with the enclosed ray.h.
5. uses the following shading model:
if a ray intersects sphere i, then the color returned along that ray is:
C = kd[i]*SURFCOLOR[i]*
(AMBIENT + sum(j){lit(j)*kl[j]*SURFCOLOR[j]*max(0,N.L)}) +
ks[i]*CS + kt[i]*CT + kl[i]*SURFCOLOR[i]
if a ray misses all spheres, then the color returned is:
C = AMBIENT
where
capitals denote 3-vectors (xyz or rgb)
geometric (xyz) vectors N and L should be normalized
sum(j){x} is the sum of x over all lights j
lights are modeled as luminous spheres within the scene
any sphere with kl!=0 is considered a light
lit(j)=0 if the surface point is in shadow with respect to light j,
else lit(j)=1. A surface point is "in shadow" if a ray from
that point toward the center of the light intersects any spheres
before it reaches the light
(SURFCOLOR, kd, ks, kt, kl)[i] are attributes of the sphere hit
kl[j] and SURFCOLOR[j] are intensity and color of light being tested
L is the vector from the surface point to light j
the normal vector N points in if the ray strikes the surface
from within the sphere, else N points out
AMBIENT is the ambient light color
CS and CT are the recursive specular and transmitted colors
notes:
air has index of refraction of 1
you may assume all spheres have a positive index of refraction
you may assume that no two transparent spheres intersect
use CT=0 when refraction causes total internal reflection
shading formula needs no highlight term because lights are in scene
6. uses the following perspective camera model:
spheres are specified in right-handed world space
eye is at (0,0,0) looking in +y direction of world space
screen space x points right, y points down
pixels are square
the pixel at screen space (x,y) has world space ray direction
dx = x-SIZE/2
dy = (SIZE/2)/tan(AOV/2) (where tan takes degrees)
dz = SIZE/2-y
7. the picture is output to stdout in ascii in the format:
A header of two integers, the xsize and ysize,
followed by xsize*ysize rgb INTEGER triplets in scanline
(row-major) order. These pixel values should be 255 times the
intensities computed with the above shading model.
It is acceptable for values to exceed 255.
Enclosed is test1.ap, an ascii picture file conforming to this format.
8. output of your program must match my pixel values within + or - 10.
(Please run your program with the enclosed ray.h and compare your
output to test1.ap; only submit if your pixel values nearly match)
9. entries must be postmarked before 15 June 1987
not needed:
1. antialiasing
2. any geometric primitives besides spheres
3. CSG
4. any probabilistic ray tracing effects, such as
penumbras or the rendering equation
5. program doesn't have to pass lint
6. speed
goal:
The winner will be the valid entry with the minimum number of tokens
after running the source through the C preprocessor.
(This is a better measure of program length than number of lines or object
code size, since it is machine-independent and more hacker-resistant.)
Use the enclosed program, rape.c, and the ntok alias in ntok.csh to
count tokens.
Send entries and questions via e-mail to me at
UUCP: {sun,ucbvax}!pixar!minray
ARPA: minray%pixar.uucp@ucbvax.berkeley.edu
Please put your name, address (electronic and otherwise), number of years of
programming, and any remarks about your minimization tricks in a comment
at the top of your source file. Note that my token counter ignores comments
and unused ifdefs, so such a comment won't penalize you.
At any time before the deadline you can mail me and I'll tell you the token
count of the current leader.
The winning entries will be posted to comp.graphics.
- Paul Heckbert
3 May 87
EOF15382
cat <<'EOF15383' >rape.c
/*
* RAPE - Violate, humiliate, and batter a C program.
* Breaks a C program into indivisible tokens and packs as many tokens per
* line as possible, eliminating comments and unnecessary whitespace.
* One way to save paper, screen space, and disk space.
* "rape -1 | wc -l" will count tokens.
*
* Paul Heckbert 21 May 81 after >u>paul>hack>rape.pl1 at MIT Archmach
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#define bs BUFSIZ
#define siz 300000 /* change this if you ain't got that much memory */
#define space 1
#define punc 2
#define label 3
#define comment 4
static char *usage = "\
Usage: rape [<file>] [-<linelength>]\n\
Reads from standard input if no filename given. Output to standard output.\n\
";
static char buf[siz+1];
static char label_chars[] =
"0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_";
static char *combo[] =
{">=","<=","!=","==","||","&&","->","++","--",">>","<<",0};
static char *nd;
main(ac,av)
int ac;
char **av;
{
char *i0,*j0,*i1,*j1,*i2,*j2,q;
int count,t0,t1,t2,fill,linel,k,fd,n;
if (ac>3 || ac==2 && av[1][0]=='-' && av[1][1]==0) {
fprintf(stderr,usage);
exit(1);
}
fd = 0;
linel = 79;
for (k=1; k<ac; k++)
if (av[k][0]=='-') linel = atoi(av[k]+1);
else if ((fd = open(av[k],0))==-1)
{printf("Can't get %s\n",av[k]); exit(1);}
for (i1=buf, n=0; n+bs<=siz && (count = read(fd,i1,bs))>0;
n+=count, i1+=count);
if (count>0) {printf("file too big to rape!\n"); return;}
buf[n] = 0; /* sentinel */
nd = buf+n;
t0 = punc; /* pretend */
i1 = j0 = buf;
count = 0;
fill = 1;
if (get_token(i1,&j1,&t1)) return; /* first token */
for (i2=j1; !get_token(i2,&j2,&t2); i1=i2,j1=j2,t1=t2, i2=j1) {
if (t1==punc && j1-i1==1 && *i1=='#') { /* preprocessor line */
if (count) {putchar('\n'); count = 0;}
fill = 0;
}
if (!fill && t1==space && index(i1,"\n")<j1-i1) {
/* CR at end of preprocessor line */
putchar('\n');
count = 0;
fill = 1;
}
else if (t1==comment || t1==space && (t0!=label || t2!=label) &&
/* eliminate space unless it's between two labels */
(fill || t0!=label) && /* macros are sensitive to spaces */
(j0-i0!=1 || *i0!='=' || j2-i2!=1 ||
*i2!='-' && *i2!='*' && *i2!='&')) continue;
/* also, don't make =- or =* or =& */
else if (t1==space)
if (fill && count+1+j2-i2>linel && count)
{putchar('\n'); count = 0;}
/* replace space with CR */
else {putchar(' '); count++;}
else if (fill && count+j1-i1>linel && count) {
/* we've run over, time for a CR */
putchar('\n');
count = put(i1,j1);
}
else count += put(i1,j1);
i0 = i1; j0 = j1; t0 = t1;
}
put(i1,j1);
}
get_token(i1,j1,type) /* find token starting at i1, set end (j1), and type */
char *i1,**j1;
int *type;
{
char *i,str[2];
int k, number;
if (i1>=nd) return(-1); /* hit end of file */
str[1] = 0;
number = *i1>='0' && *i1<='9' || *i1=='.' && i1[1]>='0' && i1[1]<='9';
for (i=i1; i<nd; i++) { /* is this a label char? */
str[0] = *i;
if (index(label_chars,str)<0 && (!number || *i!='.') &&
(!number || i[-1]!='e' && i[-1]!='E' || index("+-",str)<0)) break;
}
if (i>i1) { /* a label */
*type = label;
*j1 = i;
return(0);
}
*type = punc;
for (i=i1; i<nd && (*i==' ' || *i=='\t' || *i=='\n'); i++);
if (i>i1) {i--; *type = space;}
if (*i1=='"' || *i1=='\'') /* quote */
for (i=i1+1; i<nd && *i!=*i1; i++) if (*i=='\\') i++;
for (k=0; combo[k] && !prefix(combo[k],i1); k++);
if (combo[k]) i = i1+strlen(combo[k])-1;
/* a 2 or 3-char combination (don't split) */
if (prefix("/*",i1)) {i = index(i1+2,"*/")+i1+3; *type = comment;}
*j1 = i+1;
return(0);
}
index(A0,B) /* find first occurence of string B within A */
char *A0,*B;
{
char *a,*b,*A;
if (*B==0) return(-1);
for (A=A0; *A; A++)
if (*A==*B) { /* see if we have a match */
for (a=A+1, b=B+1; *b && *a==*b; a++, b++);
if (*b==0) return(A-A0);
}
return(-1);
}
prefix(a,b) /* is a a prefix of b? */
char *a,*b;
{
while (*a && *a==*b) {a++; b++;}
return(!*a);
}
put(i,j)
char *i,*j;
{
int k;
k = j-i;
while (i<j) putchar(*i++);
return(k);
}
EOF15383
cat <<'EOF15384' >ntok.csh
# run "source ntok.csh" to add this alias to your C shell
# then run "ntok ray.c", for example, to count tokens
#
alias ntok "/lib/cpp \!* | sed '/^#/d' | rape -1 | wc -l"
EOF15384
cat <<'EOF15385' >ray.h
/* ray.h for test1, first test scene */
#define DEPTH 3 /* max ray tree depth */
#define SIZE 32 /* resolution of picture in x and y */
#define AOV 25 /* total angle of view in degrees */
#define NSPHERE 5 /* number of spheres */
AMBIENT = {.02, .02, .02}; /* ambient light color */
/* sphere: x y z r g b rad kd ks kt kl ir */
SPHERE = {
0., 6., .5, 1., 1., 1., .9, .05, .2, .85, 0., 1.7,
-1., 8., -.5, 1., .5, .2, 1., .7, .3, 0., .05, 1.2,
1., 8., -.5, .1, .8, .8, 1., .3, .7, 0., 0., 1.2,
3., -6., 15., 1., .8, 1., 7., 0., 0., 0., .6, 1.5,
-3., -3., 12., .8, 1., 1., 5., 0., 0., 0., .5, 1.5,
};
EOF15385
cat <<'EOF15386' >test1.ap
32 32
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
13 14 15
13 14 15
14 15 16
14 15 16
17 17 19
25 19 17
25 19 17
25 19 17
24 18 16
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
11 12 13
12 13 14
15 26 31
15 25 29
16 38 41
16 32 34
17 17 18
75 41 27
94 51 32
49 34 23
54 36 24
57 38 24
23 17 15
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
13 29 34
14 28 33
16 46 50
16 43 47
16 39 42
15 33 36
17 17 18
17 17 18
17 16 18
81 44 28
98 53 32
110 59 35
120 63 36
60 40 24
63 41 24
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
13 29 35
13 28 33
16 47 51
16 43 48
15 39 43
15 33 36
36 40 42
36 41 42
36 41 42
46 39 47
46 39 47
83 45 28
101 54 32
114 60 35
124 65 37
62 41 24
65 42 24
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
12 29 35
15 50 55
15 47 52
15 44 48
15 40 43
14 33 36
35 40 41
35 40 41
35 40 41
35 40 41
45 39 46
45 39 46
45 39 46
83 45 28
104 55 32
118 62 35
129 67 37
138 71 38
68 43 23
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
14 51 57
14 48 54
14 45 49
14 40 44
13 33 36
15 15 16
34 39 40
34 39 41
34 39 41
34 39 41
45 38 46
45 38 46
45 38 45
15 14 16
85 46 28
108 57 32
122 64 35
134 69 37
144 74 39
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
12 46 52
13 50 55
13 46 51
13 41 46
13 33 37
14 14 15
14 14 15
14 14 15
34 39 40
34 39 40
44 38 45
44 38 45
44 38 45
14 14 15
14 14 15
14 13 15
89 47 28
113 59 33
129 66 35
141 72 37
134 70 35
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
12 49 55
12 48 53
12 43 47
12 35 38
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
14 13 15
14 14 15
14 14 15
14 13 15
14 13 14
14 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 12 14
95 50 28
120 62 33
136 70 36
144 74 37
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
11 45 50
11 44 49
11 34 37
12 12 12
12 12 13
12 12 13
13 13 13
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 13 14
13 12 14
13 12 13
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 11 12
94 49 27
127 65 33
132 68 34
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
9 9 9
10 10 10
10 10 11
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 12 12
12 12 12
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 12 13
12 11 12
12 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 11
10 10 11
10 9 10
9 8 9
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
8 8 8
9 9 9
9 10 10
10 10 11
10 10 11
11 11 11
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 11 12
11 10 11
11 10 11
10 10 10
10 9 10
9 8 9
8 7 8
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
7 7 7
8 8 8
8 9 9
9 9 10
9 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 11
10 10 10
10 9 10
9 9 9
9 8 9
8 8 8
7 7 7
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
158 79 35
175 87 39
6 6 6
7 7 7
7 8 8
8 8 9
8 9 9
9 9 9
9 9 10
9 9 10
9 9 10
9 9 10
10 9 10
10 9 10
9 9 10
9 9 10
9 9 9
9 9 9
9 8 9
8 8 8
8 7 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
10 57 64
9 51 57
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
148 75 34
172 86 39
182 91 41
189 94 42
5 6 6
6 6 6
6 7 7
7 7 7
7 8 8
8 8 8
8 8 8
8 8 9
8 8 9
9 8 9
9 8 9
9 8 9
8 8 9
8 8 9
8 8 8
8 8 8
8 7 8
7 7 7
7 6 7
6 6 6
6 5 6
11 62 69
10 59 67
10 56 63
9 48 54
5 5 5
5 5 5
147 74 33
167 84 38
178 89 40
186 93 42
190 94 42
36 20 11
5 5 5
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 7 7
7 7 7
7 7 7
7 7 8
7 7 8
7 7 8
8 7 8
8 7 8
7 7 8
7 7 7
7 7 7
7 7 7
7 6 7
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 5 6
6 14 15
11 62 69
11 61 68
10 58 65
10 54 61
9 47 53
132 68 30
156 79 35
169 85 38
178 89 40
184 91 41
187 93 42
189 94 42
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 7
6 6 7
6 6 7
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 5 6
5 5 5
5 5 5
11 62 69
11 61 68
10 60 67
10 58 65
10 55 62
9 50 57
139 71 31
155 78 35
166 83 37
173 87 39
178 89 40
211 127 77
213 127 78
38 21 11
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 10 11
111 114 142
114 141 170
10 58 65
10 56 63
10 54 60
9 50 56
136 70 31
150 76 34
159 80 36
166 83 37
171 85 38
203 123 76
110 85 57
84 54 26
29 16 9
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 9 9
25 44 55
111 113 141
111 113 141
10 56 62
10 54 61
9 52 58
9 48 55
130 66 30
142 72 32
151 76 34
158 79 35
162 81 36
78 47 19
106 83 56
74 44 18
73 43 17
15 10 7
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 8 9
4 26 31
5 26 32
111 111 139
111 112 139
10 53 59
9 51 57
9 49 55
9 46 52
121 62 28
133 67 30
141 71 32
147 74 33
152 76 34
73 44 18
72 44 18
70 42 17
68 41 16
66 39 16
16 11 7
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
4 5 5
1 2 2
4 24 29
4 24 30
7 27 33
7 28 34
7 28 34
9 48 53
9 46 51
8 43 48
111 57 25
122 62 28
130 65 29
136 68 31
69 41 17
68 41 17
67 41 17
66 40 17
63 38 15
61 36 14
16 8 3
17 9 4
7 6 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 5
4 5 5
3 4 4
1 2 2
1 2 2
4 22 27
7 25 30
7 25 31
7 26 31
7 26 31
8 44 49
8 42 47
8 39 44
98 50 22
109 55 25
117 59 27
123 62 28
63 38 16
63 38 16
62 37 16
61 36 15
59 35 15
57 34 14
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
19 10 4
5 5 5
11 8 4
12 8 4
12 8 4
3 5 4
3 4 4
3 4 4
3 4 4
6 22 27
6 23 28
6 23 28
6 24 28
6 24 28
6 23 28
8 37 42
7 35 39
83 43 19
95 48 22
103 52 23
109 55 25
58 34 14
57 34 14
56 34 14
55 33 14
53 32 13
51 30 13
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
19 10 4
5 5 5
11 8 4
12 8 4
12 8 4
3 5 4
3 4 4
3 4 4
3 4 4
6 20 24
6 21 25
6 21 25
6 21 26
6 21 26
6 21 25
7 33 37
7 30 34
66 35 15
78 40 18
87 44 20
93 47 21
51 30 13
51 30 13
50 30 13
49 29 12
47 28 12
45 26 11
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
5 5 5
12 9 5
12 8 4
12 8 4
3 5 4
3 4 4
3 4 4
3 4 4
5 17 21
5 18 22
5 19 22
6 19 22
6 19 22
5 19 22
6 27 31
6 24 28
47 25 11
60 32 14
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44 26 11
44 26 11
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42 25 11
40 24 10
38 22 10
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
17 9 4
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5 5 5
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12 8 4
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5 15 17
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5 16 19
5 16 19
5 16 19
5 16 19
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5 18 21
27 15 7
39 21 9
50 26 12
36 21 9
37 21 9
37 21 9
36 21 9
35 20 9
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5 13 15
4 12 14
4 11 13
17 9 4
22 12 6
27 15 7
28 16 7
29 16 7
29 16 7
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25 14 6
22 12 6
17 9 4
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5 5 5
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4 7 8
4 8 9
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4 10 11
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4 7 7
5 5 5
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17 9 4
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5 5 5
5 5 5
EOF15386
exlr