gorin@mit-amt.UUCP (02/11/87)
Keywords:anti-aliasing, text, vision, neurology ------------------------ Does anybody out there know of any literature (books or articles) dealing with anti-aliasing, particularly as it relates to text displays and to human vision? (thesis time) thanks, -amy -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- * ARPA: gorin@media-lab.media.mit.edu * It's not who you know, * * UUCP: mit-eddie!mit-amt!gorin * it's whom you know *
george@mnetor.UUCP (George Hart) (02/13/87)
In article <695@mit-amt.MEDIA.MIT.EDU> gorin@media-lab.UUCP (Amy Gorin) writes: >Does anybody out there know of any literature (books or articles) dealing >with anti-aliasing, particularly as it relates to text displays and to >human vision? > >(thesis time) > >thanks, >-amy A paper scheduled to be presented at the upcoming Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface Conference (Toronto, Apr. 5-9 1987) may interest you. It is entitled "On the Parameters of Human Visual Performance: An Investigation of the Benefits of Antialiasing". The authors listed are Kellogg Booth, Philip Bryden, William Cowan, Michael Morgan, and Brian Plante. -- Regards, George Hart, Computer X Canada Ltd. UUCP: utzoo >!mnetor!george seismo BELL: (416)475-8980
avi@hpcehfe.UUCP (02/14/87)
Here is a bibliography I've put together on filtering text for grayscale
displays (anti-aliasing is only one part of the problem) and related topics
such as the Human Visual System and Digital Typography.
If anyone knows of other relevant references, I'd appreciate hearing about them.
Bige83 Bigelow, C. and D. Day, ``Digital Typography,''
Scientific American, Volume 249, Number 2, August
1983, pp. 106-119.
Blac46 Blackwell, H. R., ``Contrast Thresholds of the
Human Eye,'' Journal of the Optical Society of
America, Volume 36, 1946, pp. 642-643.
Bruc86 Bruckstein, A. M., ``On Optimal Image Digitiza-
tion,'' Electrical Engineering Publication Number
577, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion
Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,
February 1986.
Buck77 Buckler, A. T., ``A Review of the Literature on
the Legibility of AlphaNumerics on Electronic
Displays,'' Technical Memo 16-77, U. S. Army Human
Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland, May 1977.
Catm79 Catmull, E., ``A Tutorial on Compensation
Tables,'' Computer Graphics, Volume 13, Number 2,
August 1979, pp. 1-7. SIGGRAPH 1979 Proceedings.
Corn70 Cornsweet, T. N., Visual Perception, Academic
Press, New York, 1970.
Crow78 Crow, F. C., ``The Use of Grayscale for Improved
Raster Display of Vectors and Characters,'' Com-
puter Graphics, Volume 12, Number 3, August 1978,
pp. 1-6. SIGGRAPH 1978 Proceedings.
Goul84 Gould, J. D. and N. Grischkowsky, ``Doing the Same
Work with Hard Copy and with Cathode-Ray Tube
(CRT) Computer Terminals,'' Human Factors, Volume
26, Number 3, June 1984, pp. 323-337.
Gupt81 Gupta, S. and R. F. Sproull, ``Filtering Edges for
Gray-Scale Displays,'' Computer Graphics, Volume
15, Number 3, August 1981, pp. 1-5. SIGGRAPH 1981
Proceedings.
Kaji81 Kajiya, J. and M. Ullner, ``Filtering High Quality
Text for Display on Raster Scan Devices,'' Com-
puter Graphics, Volume 15, Number 3 August 1981,
pp. 7-15. SIGGRAPH 1981 Proceedings.
Koba80 Kobayashi, S. C., ``Optimization Algorithms for
Grayscale Fonts,'' B. Sc. Thesis, Department of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Mas-
sachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, June 1980.
Lele80 Leler, W. J., ``Human Vision, Anti-Aliasing, and
the Cheap 4000 Line Display,'' Computer Graphics,
Volume 14, Number 3, July 1980, pp. 308-313. SIG-
GRAPH 1980 Proceedings.
Naim85 Naiman, A. C., ``High-Quality Text for Raster
Displays,'' M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Computer
Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
1985.
Negr80 Negroponte, N., ``Soft Fonts,'' Proceedings,
Society for Information Display, 1980.
Prat78 Pratt, W. K., Digital Image Processing, John Wiley
and Sons, New York, 1978.
Schm83 Schmandt, C., ``Fuzzy Fonts,'' Proceedings of the
National Computer Graphics Association, 1983.
Seit79 Seitz, C., et al., ``Digital Video Display System
with a Plurality of Gray-Scale Levels,'' United
States Patent Number 4,158,200.
Shol82 Sholtz, P. N., ``Making High-Quality Colored
Images on Raster Displays,'' Computer Science
Research Report RC9632 (#42528), IBM T. J. Watson
Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598,
October 1982.
Shur80 Shurtleff, D. A., How to Make Displays Legible,
Human Interface Design, La Mirada, California,
1980.
Warn80 Warnock, J. E., ``The Display of Characters Using
Gray Level Sample Arrays,'' Computer Graphics,
Volume 14, Number 3, July 1980, pp. 302-307. SIG-
GRAPH 1980 Proceedings.ksbooth@watcgl.UUCP (02/19/87)
A recent article referenced our forthcoming paper at the CHI+GI conference. Our work is not directly related to text and examines the antialiasing requirements for a particular task (related to CAD applications). The bibliography that Avi Naiman recently posted to this news group is a better place to look for more basic references (Avi has spent a lot of time looking at these issues).
andreww@dgp.toronto.edu (Andrew Chung How Woo) (12/01/88)
With all these discussions about anti-aliasing for ray tracing, I thought I would get into the fun also. As suggested by many people, adaptive sampling is a good way to start dealing with anti-aliasing (suggested by Whitted). For another quick hack ontop of adaptive sampling, you can add jitter (suggested by Cook). The jitter factor can be controlled by the recursive depth of the adaptive sampling. This combination tends to achieve decent quality. Another method which nobody has mentioned is "stratified sampling". This is also a rather simple method. Basically, the pixel is divided into a N-size grid. You have a random number generator to sample a ray at (x,y) of the grid. Then shoot another ray, making sure that the row x and column y are discarded from further sampling, etc. Repeat this for N rays. Note, however, no sharing of point sampling information is available here. Andrew Woo
loren@pixar.UUCP (Loren Carpenter) (12/11/88)
In article <8812011358.AA19900@cartier.dgp.toronto.edu> andreww@dgp.toronto.edu (Andrew Chung How Woo) writes: > >As suggested by many people, adaptive sampling is a good way to start >dealing with anti-aliasing (suggested by Whitted). For another quick >hack ontop of adaptive sampling, you can add jitter (suggested by Cook). >The jitter factor can be controlled by the recursive depth of the >adaptive sampling. This combination tends to achieve decent quality. > >Another method which nobody has mentioned is "stratified sampling". This >is also a rather simple method. Basically, the pixel is divided into a >N-size grid. You have a random number generator to sample a ray at (x,y) of >the grid. Then shoot another ray, making sure that the row x and column y >are discarded from further sampling, etc. Repeat this for N rays. Note, >however, no sharing of point sampling information is available here. > >Andrew Woo Rob Cook did this too. He didn't call it "stratified sampling", though. The idea is suggested by the solutions to the "8 queens problem". You want N sample points, no 2 of which are in the same column, and no 2 of which are in the same row. Then you jitter on top of that.... p.s. You better not use the same pattern for each pixel... Loren Carpenter ...!{ucbvax,sun}!pixar!loren