mgardi@watdcsu.waterloo.edu (M.Gardi - ICR) (02/10/89)
Here is some source for GIF image compression. It is set up for MSDOS,
but is trivial to modify for non-DOS machines (change the open for write
to "w" instead of "wb", remove the define for MSDOS, etc).
The source started out as the lempel-ziv 'compress' routine, and was modified
to output GIF files.
To use the GIFEncode function, define a function 'GetPixel' that
takes an X and Y co-ordinate (as int's) and returns the colour index
of that pixel. Then call GIFEncode with the following:
GIFEncode( Fname, /* The filename to write */
GHeight, /* The height of the bitmap - an int */
GWidth, /* The width of the bitmap - an int */
GInterlace, /* TRUE if you want the image to be
interlaced, FALSE otherwise */
Background, /* The colour index of the background */
BitsPerPixel, /* The number of bits of color per
pixel in the palette you specified.
If your palette has 256 colours,
it should be '8', 32 should be '5',
etc */
Red, Green, Blue, /* Pointers to arrays of int's,
containing the R, G and B values
of the colour palette */
GetPixel ); /* a pointer to a function that returns
the index of the colour at the
co-ordinates passed */
----------cut here------------------cut here--------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# This is a shell archive. Remove anything before this line,
# then unpack it by saving it in a file and typing "sh file".
#
# Wrapped by watdcsu!mgardi on Thu Feb 9 18:19:39 EST 1989
# Contents: gifcompr.c gifencod.c
echo x - gifcompr.c
sed 's/^@//' > "gifcompr.c" <<'@//E*O*F gifcompr.c//'
/***************************************************************************
*
* GIFENCOD.C - GIF Image compression routines
*
* Lempel-Ziv compression based on 'compress'. GIF modifications by
* David Rowley (mgardi@watdcsu.waterloo.edu)
*
***************************************************************************/
/*
* General DEFINEs
*/
#define min(a,b) ((a>b) ? b : a)
#define BITS 12
#define MSDOS 1
#define HSIZE 5003 /* 80% occupancy */
/*
* Pointer to function returning an int
*/
typedef int (* ifunptr)();
/*
* a code_int must be able to hold 2**BITS values of type int, and also -1
*/
typedef int code_int;
#ifdef SIGNED_COMPARE_SLOW
typedef unsigned long int count_int;
typedef unsigned short int count_short;
#else
typedef long int count_int;
#endif
#ifdef NO_UCHAR
typedef char char_type;
#else
typedef unsigned char char_type;
#endif /* UCHAR */
/*
*
* GIF Image compression - modified 'compress'
*
* Based on: compress.c - File compression ala IEEE Computer, June 1984.
*
* By Authors: Spencer W. Thomas (decvax!harpo!utah-cs!utah-gr!thomas)
* Jim McKie (decvax!mcvax!jim)
* Steve Davies (decvax!vax135!petsd!peora!srd)
* Ken Turkowski (decvax!decwrl!turtlevax!ken)
* James A. Woods (decvax!ihnp4!ames!jaw)
* Joe Orost (decvax!vax135!petsd!joe)
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <signal.h>
#define ARGVAL() (*++(*argv) || (--argc && *++argv))
static int n_bits; /* number of bits/code */
static int maxbits = BITS; /* user settable max # bits/code */
static code_int maxcode; /* maximum code, given n_bits */
static code_int maxmaxcode = (code_int)1 << BITS; /* should NEVER generate this code */
#ifdef COMPATIBLE /* But wrong! */
# define MAXCODE(n_bits) ((code_int) 1 << (n_bits) - 1)
#else
# define MAXCODE(n_bits) (((code_int) 1 << (n_bits)) - 1)
#endif /* COMPATIBLE */
static count_int htab [HSIZE];
static unsigned short codetab [HSIZE];
#define HashTabOf(i) htab[i]
#define CodeTabOf(i) codetab[i]
static code_int hsize = HSIZE; /* for dynamic table sizing */
static count_int fsize;
/*
* To save much memory, we overlay the table used by compress() with those
* used by decompress(). The tab_prefix table is the same size and type
* as the codetab. The tab_suffix table needs 2**BITS characters. We
* get this from the beginning of htab. The output stack uses the rest
* of htab, and contains characters. There is plenty of room for any
* possible stack (stack used to be 8000 characters).
*/
#define tab_prefixof(i) CodeTabOf(i)
#define tab_suffixof(i) ((char_type *)(htab))[i]
#define de_stack ((char_type *)&tab_suffixof((code_int)1<<BITS))
static code_int free_ent = 0; /* first unused entry */
static int exit_stat = 0;
/*
* block compression parameters -- after all codes are used up,
* and compression rate changes, start over.
*/
static int clear_flg = 0;
static int offset;
static long int in_count = 1; /* length of input */
static long int out_count = 0; /* # of codes output (for debugging) */
/*
* compress stdin to stdout
*
* Algorithm: use open addressing double hashing (no chaining) on the
* prefix code / next character combination. We do a variant of Knuth's
* algorithm D (vol. 3, sec. 6.4) along with G. Knott's relatively-prime
* secondary probe. Here, the modular division first probe is gives way
* to a faster exclusive-or manipulation. Also do block compression with
* an adaptive reset, whereby the code table is cleared when the compression
* ratio decreases, but after the table fills. The variable-length output
* codes are re-sized at this point, and a special CLEAR code is generated
* for the decompressor. Late addition: construct the table according to
* file size for noticeable speed improvement on small files. Please direct
* questions about this implementation to ames!jaw.
*/
static int g_init_bits;
static FILE *g_outfile;
static int ClearCode;
static int EOFCode;
compress( init_bits, outfile, ReadValue )
int init_bits;
FILE *outfile;
ifunptr ReadValue;
{
register long fcode;
register code_int i = 0;
register int c;
register code_int ent;
register code_int disp;
register code_int hsize_reg;
register int hshift;
/*
* Set up the globals: g_init_bits - initial number of bits
* g_outfile - pointer to output file
*/
g_init_bits = init_bits;
g_outfile = outfile;
/*
* Set up the necessary values
*/
offset = 0;
out_count = 0;
clear_flg = 0;
in_count = 1;
maxcode = MAXCODE(n_bits = g_init_bits);
ClearCode = (1 << (init_bits - 1));
EOFCode = ClearCode + 1;
free_ent = ClearCode + 2;
char_init();
ent = GIFNextPixel( ReadValue );
hshift = 0;
for ( fcode = (long) hsize; fcode < 65536L; fcode *= 2L )
hshift++;
hshift = 8 - hshift; /* set hash code range bound */
hsize_reg = hsize;
cl_hash( (count_int) hsize_reg); /* clear hash table */
output( (code_int)ClearCode );
#ifdef SIGNED_COMPARE_SLOW
while ( (c = GIFNextPixel( ReadValue )) != (unsigned) EOF ) {
#else
while ( (c = GIFNextPixel( ReadValue )) != EOF ) {
#endif
in_count++;
fcode = (long) (((long) c << maxbits) + ent);
i = (((code_int)c << hshift) ^ ent); /* xor hashing */
if ( HashTabOf (i) == fcode ) {
ent = CodeTabOf (i);
continue;
} else if ( (long)HashTabOf (i) < 0 ) /* empty slot */
goto nomatch;
disp = hsize_reg - i; /* secondary hash (after G. Knott) */
if ( i == 0 )
disp = 1;
probe:
if ( (i -= disp) < 0 )
i += hsize_reg;
if ( HashTabOf (i) == fcode ) {
ent = CodeTabOf (i);
continue;
}
if ( (long)HashTabOf (i) > 0 )
goto probe;
nomatch:
output ( (code_int) ent );
out_count++;
ent = c;
#ifdef SIGNED_COMPARE_SLOW
if ( (unsigned) free_ent < (unsigned) maxmaxcode) {
#else
if ( free_ent < maxmaxcode ) {
#endif
CodeTabOf (i) = free_ent++; /* code -> hashtable */
HashTabOf (i) = fcode;
} else
cl_block();
}
/*
* Put out the final code.
*/
output( (code_int)ent );
out_count++;
output( (code_int) EOFCode );
return;
}
/*****************************************************************
* TAG( output )
*
* Output the given code.
* Inputs:
* code: A n_bits-bit integer. If == -1, then EOF. This assumes
* that n_bits =< (long)wordsize - 1.
* Outputs:
* Outputs code to the file.
* Assumptions:
* Chars are 8 bits long.
* Algorithm:
* Maintain a BITS character long buffer (so that 8 codes will
* fit in it exactly). Use the VAX insv instruction to insert each
* code in turn. When the buffer fills up empty it and start over.
*/
static unsigned long cur_accum = 0;
static int cur_bits = 0;
static
unsigned long masks[] = { 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0003, 0x0007, 0x000F,
0x001F, 0x003F, 0x007F, 0x00FF,
0x01FF, 0x03FF, 0x07FF, 0x0FFF,
0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF };
static
output( code )
code_int code;
{
cur_accum &= masks[ cur_bits ];
if( cur_bits > 0 )
cur_accum |= ((long)code << cur_bits);
else
cur_accum = code;
cur_bits += n_bits;
while( cur_bits >= 8 ) {
char_out( (unsigned int)(cur_accum & 0xff) );
cur_accum >>= 8;
cur_bits -= 8;
}
/*
* If the next entry is going to be too big for the code size,
* then increase it, if possible.
*/
if ( free_ent > maxcode || clear_flg ) {
if( clear_flg ) {
maxcode = MAXCODE (n_bits = g_init_bits);
clear_flg = 0;
} else {
n_bits++;
if ( n_bits == maxbits )
maxcode = maxmaxcode;
else
maxcode = MAXCODE(n_bits);
}
}
if( code == EOFCode ) {
/*
* At EOF, write the rest of the buffer.
*/
while( cur_bits > 0 ) {
char_out( (unsigned int)(cur_accum & 0xff) );
cur_accum >>= 8;
cur_bits -= 8;
}
flush_char();
fflush( g_outfile );
if( ferror( g_outfile ) )
writeerr();
}
}
/*
* Clear out the hash table
*/
static
cl_block () /* table clear for block compress */
{
cl_hash ( (count_int) hsize );
free_ent = ClearCode + 2;
clear_flg = 1;
output( (code_int)ClearCode );
}
static
cl_hash(hsize) /* reset code table */
register count_int hsize;
{
register count_int *htab_p = htab+hsize;
register long i;
register long m1 = -1;
i = hsize - 16;
do { /* might use Sys V memset(3) here */
*(htab_p-16) = m1;
*(htab_p-15) = m1;
*(htab_p-14) = m1;
*(htab_p-13) = m1;
*(htab_p-12) = m1;
*(htab_p-11) = m1;
*(htab_p-10) = m1;
*(htab_p-9) = m1;
*(htab_p-8) = m1;
*(htab_p-7) = m1;
*(htab_p-6) = m1;
*(htab_p-5) = m1;
*(htab_p-4) = m1;
*(htab_p-3) = m1;
*(htab_p-2) = m1;
*(htab_p-1) = m1;
htab_p -= 16;
} while ((i -= 16) >= 0);
for ( i += 16; i > 0; i-- )
*--htab_p = m1;
}
static
writeerr()
{
printf( "error writing output file\n" );
exit(1);
}
/******************************************************************************
*
* GIF Specific routines
*
******************************************************************************/
/*
* Number of characters so far in this 'packet'
*/
static int a_count;
/*
* Set up the 'byte output' routine
*/
static
char_init()
{
a_count = 0;
}
/*
* Define the storage for the packet accumulator
*/
static char accum[ 256 ];
/*
* Add a character to the end of the current packet, and if it is 254
* characters, flush the packet to disk.
*/
static
char_out( c )
int c;
{
accum[ a_count++ ] = c;
if( a_count >= 254 )
flush_char();
}
/*
* Flush the packet to disk, and reset the accumulator
*/
static
flush_char()
{
if( a_count > 0 ) {
fputc( a_count, g_outfile );
fwrite( accum, 1, a_count, g_outfile );
a_count = 0;
}
}
/* The End */
@//E*O*F gifcompr.c//
chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r gifcompr.c
echo x - gifencod.c
sed 's/^@//' > "gifencod.c" <<'@//E*O*F gifencod.c//'
/*****************************************************************************
*
* GIFENCODE.C - GIF Image compression interface
*
* GIFEncode( FName, GHeight, GWidth, GInterlace, Background,
* BitsPerPixel, Red, Green, Blue, GetPixel )
*
*****************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
/*
* Pointer to function returning an int
*/
typedef int (* ifunptr)();
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
static int Width, Height;
static int curx, cury;
static long CountDown;
static int Pass = 0;
static int Interlace;
/*
* Bump the 'curx' and 'cury' to point to the next pixel
*/
static
BumpPixel()
{
/*
* Bump the current X position
*/
curx++;
/*
* If we are at the end of a scan line, set curx back to the beginning
* If we are interlaced, bump the cury to the appropriate spot,
* otherwise, just increment it.
*/
if( curx == Width ) {
curx = 0;
if( !Interlace )
cury++;
else {
switch( Pass ) {
case 0:
cury += 8;
if( cury >= Height ) {
Pass++;
cury = 4;
}
break;
case 1:
cury += 8;
if( cury >= Height ) {
Pass++;
cury = 2;
}
break;
case 2:
cury += 4;
if( cury >= Height ) {
Pass++;
cury = 1;
}
break;
case 3:
cury += 2;
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
* Return the next pixel from the image
*/
GIFNextPixel( getpixel )
ifunptr getpixel;
{
int r;
if( CountDown == 0 )
return EOF;
CountDown--;
r = ( * getpixel )( curx, cury );
BumpPixel();
return r;
}
/* public */
GIFEncode( FName, GWidth, GHeight, GInterlace, Background,
BitsPerPixel, Red, Green, Blue, GetPixel )
char *FName;
int GWidth, GHeight;
int GInterlace;
int Background;
int BitsPerPixel;
int Red[], Green[], Blue[];
ifunptr GetPixel;
{
FILE *fp;
int B;
int RWidth, RHeight;
int LeftOfs, TopOfs;
int Resolution;
int ColorMapSize;
int InitCodeSize;
int i;
Interlace = GInterlace;
ColorMapSize = 1 << BitsPerPixel;
RWidth = Width = GWidth;
RHeight = Height = GHeight;
LeftOfs = TopOfs = 0;
Resolution = BitsPerPixel;
/*
* Calculate number of bits we are expecting
*/
CountDown = (long)Width * (long)Height;
/*
* Indicate which pass we are on (if interlace)
*/
Pass = 0;
/*
* The initial code size
*/
if( BitsPerPixel <= 1 )
InitCodeSize = 2;
else
InitCodeSize = BitsPerPixel;
/*
* Set up the current x and y position
*/
curx = cury = 0;
/*
* Open the GIF file for binary write
*/
fp = fopen( FName, "wb" );
if( fp == (FILE *)0 ) {
printf( "error: could not open output file\n" );
exit(1);
}
/*
* Write the Magic header
*/
fwrite( "GIF87a", 1, 6, fp );
/*
* Write out the screen width and height
*/
Putword( RWidth, fp );
Putword( RHeight, fp );
/*
* Indicate that there is a global colour map
*/
B = 0x80; /* Yes, there is a color map */
/*
* OR in the resolution
*/
B |= (Resolution - 1) << 5;
/*
* OR in the Bits per Pixel
*/
B |= (BitsPerPixel - 1);
/*
* Write it out
*/
fputc( B, fp );
/*
* Write out the Background colour
*/
fputc( Background, fp );
/*
* Byte of 0's (future expansion)
*/
fputc( 0, fp );
/*
* Write out the Global Colour Map
*/
for( i=0; i<ColorMapSize; i++ ) {
fputc( Red[i], fp );
fputc( Green[i], fp );
fputc( Blue[i], fp );
}
/*
* Write an Image separator
*/
fputc( ',', fp );
/*
* Write the Image header
*/
Putword( LeftOfs, fp );
Putword( TopOfs, fp );
Putword( Width, fp );
Putword( Height, fp );
/*
* Write out whether or not the image is interlaced
*/
if( Interlace )
fputc( 0x40, fp );
else
fputc( 0x00, fp );
/*
* Write out the initial code size
*/
fputc( InitCodeSize, fp );
/*
* Go and actually compress the data
*/
compress( InitCodeSize+1, fp, GetPixel );
/*
* Write out a Zero-length packet (to end the series)
*/
fputc( 0, fp );
/*
* Write the GIF file terminator
*/
fputc( ';', fp );
/*
* And close the file
*/
fclose( fp );
}
/*
* Write out a word to the GIF file
*/
static
Putword( w, fp )
int w;
FILE *fp;
{
fputc( w & 0xff, fp );
fputc( (w / 256) & 0xff, fp );
}
@//E*O*F gifencod.c//
chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r gifencod.c
exit 0